Final - JCREN 2019 Program Book

Program Book
and
Abstracts
The 8th Joint Conference on Renewable Energy and
Nanotechnology
(The 8th JCREN 2019)
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Faculty of Engineering
Hasanuddin University
November 2019
The 8th JCREN 2019
November 5-6, 2019 in Gowa-Makassar, INDONESIA
Message from Chair of JCREN

2019
Assoc. Prof. Andi Erwin Eka Putra
We are pleased to welcome all participants of The 8th Joint Conference on Renewable
Energy and Nanotechnology (JCREN 2019). This joint conference is held following the
successful 1st JCREN in Bangkok, 2nd JCREN in Hiroshima, 3rd JCREN in
Kanchanaburi, 4th JCREN in Matsuyama, 5th JCREN in Kuala Lumpur, 6th JCREN in
Bangkok, and 7th JCREN in Yamaguchi. This year, The 8th JCREN 2019 is taking place
in Makassar, Indonesia from 5th to 6th of November 2019 in the Engineering Campus of
Hasanuddin University.
In line with Hasanuddin University's commitment to increase international academic

cooperation, joint conference program such as JCREN is a top priority in improving
international networks and research collaboration. Through international conferences,
it is expected that researchers in the eastern part of Indonesia can interchange
information so that it can add insight and maturity of scientific thinking. International
conferences can also be a means to establish cooperation among field research,
especially those from abroad.
We would like to convey our deepest gratitude to Prof. Yukihiko Matsumura, Prof.
Shyam S. Pandey, and Prof. Tawatchai Charinpanitkul as Keynote Speakers and for
their kind supports for the success of this joint conference. We would like to send our
gratitude to all international and local Steering Committees for their valuable
contribution to JCREN 2019.
We would like to express our gratitude to all participants and we would like all of you
to enjoy your time here in Makassar. While participating in JCREN, we hope that you
will expand your network, add friends and engage in the many productive discussions
that will be held at this conference.
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The 8th JCREN 2019
Words for the JCREN2019

JCREN2012-2014 Japanese Chair
JCREN2015-2019 Vice Chair
Prof. Yukihiko MATSUMURA
Since the first JCREN in Bangkok, we have been continuing this conference every year,
and it is already 8 t h meeting. We can count it as second one in Higashi- Hiroshima,
third one in Kanchanaburi, fourth one in Matsuyama, fifth one in Kuala Lumpur, and
sixth one in Bangkok, and seventh one in Ube. The rotation is Thailand-Japan-other
country since the 3rd conference. This meeting is thus the 2nd "other country" conference
for JCREN, and it is in Indonesia.
The 4th conference in Matsuyama was where we decided to have this conference in
Indonesia someday. Prof. Nomura, the chair of the conference was working with
Indonesian researcher, who participated in it. In this way, we are extending our
network from one country to another, inviting more and more participants. This is
actually what we intended. Networking of researchers allows us to achieve more than
what we can do independently.
It is also true for the research field. It is by association with other field that you get
inspiration, and magic of synergy arises. Thus, we started to provide a stage for
renewable energy researchers and nanotechnology researchers to co-act. Now it is not
only these two fields, but also many other fields that is joining the performance. I hope
this JCREN2019 can be a wonderful stage for you to enjoy association with researchers
from other fields.
Finally, I would like to thank Dr. Andi Erwin Eka Putra, Universitas Hasanuddin, to
be the chair of this conference and to invite all of us to this wonderful city of Makassar.
The success of this conference really owes his efforts. My sincere thanks go to all the
staffs in Universitas Hasanuddin who helped this conference organization and all the
organizing committee members. If it were not for their kind help and cooperation, this
conference could never be held. Hope you enjoy this conference, extend your network,
and more and more collaboration come out.
JCREN
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The 8th JCREN 2019
Message for JCREN2019 from

Thailand
Prof. Tawatchai Charinpanitkul
With the total population of more than 270 Million and consisting of
more than 17,000 islands with over 1.9 million square miles of land,
Indonesia is the 4th largest country with growing potential. Abundent unique natural
resources and excellent human resource are strength of this great country. To serve the
continuous growth of the country and the whole region, Indonesia has contributed a lot
in developing and supplying energy, food, technology and many issues. Among those
emerging issues, Renewable Energy and Nanotechnology have drawn attentions from
multi-lateral collaboration among many stakeholders. With the dedication of Hasanuddin
University, it is a great opportunity that JCREN could be expanded to become a broader
and energetic network among Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and
other alliance countries. The 8th JCREN or JCREN2019 has been well organized in the
beautiful campus of Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hasanuddin University
situated in Makassar, Sulawesi Island, which is the biggest city in the Eastern part of
Indonesia. All arrangement of JCREN2019 has followed the same objective as that of the
previous JCRENs, which has focused on providing academic and cultural exchange as well
as fostering young generation for contributing to the whole society. As a result, continual
and innovative topics covering Renewable Energy, Nanotechnology, Chemical Engineering,
Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and other relevant fields are
emphasized to stimulate the intimate and friendly meeting among academia, researchers
and industrial entrepreneurs. New opportunities in utilizing new knowledge and
experiences would be shared and discussed in either oral or poster sessions in JCREN2019.
Additionally, a technical excursion would also provide good opportunity for all
participants to broaden their vision. With all mentioned aspects, I am confident that
JCREN2019 would certainly remark some impressive memories for all.
I would like to take this opportunity to extend my sincere gratitude to all organizing
committee members, especially, Prof. Andi Erwin E. Putra and all colleagues of
Hasanuddin University as well as all alliance institutions for their dedication to the
successful JCREN2019. Certainly, many respectful supports from all industrial partners
would also be acknowledged. Last but not least, I am confident that the success of
JCREN2019 would help strengthen our multilateral collaboration in the field of Renewable
Energy and Nanotechnology which would be beneficial to our global society.
(Prof. Tawatchai Charinpanitkul)

Associate Dean for Academic Affairs
Faculty of Engineering, CHULALONGKORN University
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The 8th JCREN 2019
The 8th Joint Conference on Renewable Energy and Nanotechnology

(The 8th JCREN 2019)
November 5-6, 2019

Gowa Campus, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University
Introduction
We are pleased to announce that The 8th Joint Conference on Renewable Energy and
Nanotechnology (JCREN 2019) is held following the successful 1st JCREN in Bangkok,
2nd JCREN in Hiroshima, 3rd JCREN in Kanchanaburi, 4th JCREN in Matsuyama,
5th JCREN in Kuala Lumpur, 6th JCREN in Bangkok, 7th JCREN in Yamaguchi. This
year, The 8th JCREN 2019 takes place in Makassar, Indonesia. Makassar is located in
the southern part of Sulawesi Island, The biggest city in the eastern part of Indonesia.
For students traveling from outside Indonesia, we have prepared travel support
(Excellent Paper Awards: USD 100/student at maximum depending on the actual
travel fee), which is given to the high-quality paper. The details of the conference are
shown below. We do hope all participants in this conference can exchange new
information on the development of their study and research.
Purpose:
Two major fields, namely renewable energy and nanotechnology are synergized, for
accommodating researchers and industrial experts to discuss, share and explore new
opportunities in utilizing new knowledge and experiences on these emerging fields.
Thus, in this conference new outcomes of various research works in these fields will be
presented and shared among researchers and industrial experts.
Scope:
Renewable Energy, Nanotechnology, Chemical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering,

Environmental Engineering, Other related fields.
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The 8th JCREN 2019
Organized by:
Hasanuddin University
Co-organized by:
Chulalongkorn University (CU)
Ehime University (EU)
Hiroshima University (HU)
King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL)
Kyoto University (KU)
Kyushu Institute of Technology (KIT)
National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC)
Okayama University (OU)
Prince of Songkla University (PSU)
Rangsit University (RSU)
Tokyo University of Science (TUS)
Yamaguchi University (YU)
Sponsors:
TOYO KOATSU
PLN
Conference Chairs :
Dr. Eng. Andi Erwin Eka Putra (Universitas Hasanuddin), Chair
Prof. Yukihiro Matsumura (Hiroshima University), Vice chair/General manager
Assoc. Prof. Tawatchai Charinpanitkul (Chulalongkorn University), Vice chair/Thai
representative
Steering Committee:
Achariya Suriyawong (Chulalongkorn University)
Akihiko Horibe (Okayama University)
Akihiko Horibe (Okayama University)
Anita Bt Ramli (Universiti Teknologi Petronas)
Apiluck Eiad-ua (King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang)
Apinan Soottitantawat (Chulalongkorn University)
Chalida Klaysom (Chulalongkorn University)
Esmat Maleki (University of Malaya)
Hiroshi Katsurayama (Yamaguchi University)
Hiroki Suzuki (Yamaguchi Uniersity)
Hiromichi Toyota (Ehime University)
Ilyas Renreng (Hasanuddin University)
Kajornsak Faungnawakij (National Nanotechnology Center)
Kiyoshi Dowaki(Tokyo University of Science)
Komkrit Suttiponparnit (PTT Research and Technology Institute)
Kreangkrai Maneeintr (Chulalongkorn University)
Lam Man Kee (Universiti Teknologi Petronas)
Machi Kanna (Hiroshima University)
Masato Mikami (Yamaguchi University)
Masaya Nakahara (Ehime University)
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The 8th JCREN 2019
Minato Wakisaka (Kyushu Institute of Technology)

Muhammad Arsyad Thaha (Hasanuddin University)
Nasaruddin Salam (Hasanuddin University)
Nataporn Sowasod(King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok)
Nawin Viriya-empikul (National Nanotechnology Center)
Nor Hisham B Hamid (Universiti Teknologi Petronas)
Noriaki Sano (Kyoto University)
Nuttapol Limjeerajarus (Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology)
Nuttapol Tanadchangsaeng (Rangsit University)
Onny S. Sutresman (Hasanuddin University)
Palang Bumroongsakulsawat (Chulalongkorn University)
Paravee Vas-umnuay (Chulalongkorn University)
Pilasinee Limsuwan (King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok)
Pimporn Poonpetch (Chulalongkorn University)
Pramote Puengjinda (Yamanashi University)
Pusanisa Patharachotesawate (Chulalongkorn University)
Sira Srinives (Mahidol Univresity)
Shinnichi Namba (Hiroshima University)
Shinfuku Nomura (Ehime University)
Shinobu Mukasa (Ehime University)
Shinsuke Mochizuki (Yamaguchi University)
Shuhei Inoue (Hiroshima University)
Suracha Udomsak (SCG Chemicals)
Sutee Chutipaijit (King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang)
Suthatip Sinyoung (Mahidol University)
Suwanna Boontanon (Mahidol University)
Suzana Bt Yusup (Universiti Teknologi Petronas)
Takayuki Ichikawa (Hiroshima University)
Takehiko Seo (Yamaguchi University)
Trakarn Prapaspongsa (Mahidol University)
Varong Pavarajarn (Chulalongkorn University)
Wahyu H. Piarah (Hasanuddin University)
Watcharop Chaikittisilp (The University of Tokyo)
Wimonmas Boonyungyuen (Mahidol University)
Winadda Wongwiriyapan (King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang)
Wipawadee Wongsuwan (Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology)
Yasushi Shibuta (The University of Tokyo)
Yoshimitsu Uemura (Universiti Teknologi Petronas)
Yoshisugu Kojima (Hiroshima University)
Yutaka Nakashimada (Hiroshima University)
Yuushou Nakayama (Hiroshima University)
Organized Committee:
Ahmad Yusran Aminy (Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia)
Andi Amijoyo Mochtar (Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia)
Andi Mangkau (Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia)
Azwar Hayat (Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia)
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The 8th JCREN 2019
Baharuddin Mire (Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia)

Fauzan (Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia)
Gerard Antonini Duma (Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia)
Hairul Arsyad (Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia)
Jalaluddin (Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia)
Lukmanul Hakim Arma (Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia)
Luther Sule (Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia)
Machmud Syam (Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia)
Muhammad Syahid (Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia)
Mukhtar Rahman(Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia)
Nasruddin Azis (Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia)
Novriany Amaliyah (Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia)
Rafiuddin Syam (Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia)
Rustan Tarakka (Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia)
Syahrir Arief (Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia)
Thomas Tjandinegara (Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia)
Zulkifli Djafar (Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia)
Zuryati Djafar (Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia)
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The 8th JCREN 2019
Program Agenda
November 5, 2019
(CSA Building, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Hasanuddin)
08.00 – 09.00 Reception and Registration
09.00 – 10.00 Opening Ceremony
10.00 – 10.40 Keynote Speaker (Prof. Dr. Shyam S. Pandey, Department of
Biological Functions and Systems, Graduate School of Life
Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology,
Japan)
10.40 – 11.20 Keynote Speaker (Prof. Tawatchai Charinpanitkul, Department
of Chemical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand)
11.20 – 12.00 Keynote Speaker (Prof. Yukihiko Matsumura, Graduate School
of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Japan)
Oral Session
(Mechanical Building, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Hasanuddin)
Room A (Renewable Energy Session 1)
Chair: Dr.Eng Jalaluddin and Prof. Yukihiko Matsumura
13.00 – 13.15 Ryoya Shiraishi, Shinfuku Nomura and Hiromichi Toyota
RE 1. Comparison of hydrogen production through in-liquid plasma methods
13.15 – 13.30 Rahmat Iman Mainil and Yukihiko Matsumura
RE 2. Effect of heating rate on supercritical water gasification of palm oil mill
effluent
13.30 – 13.45 Kazuma Takata, Nao Umehara, Ken-Ichiro Tanoue, Morihisa Yokota and
Toyoaki Niki
RE 3. Study on mass transfer of ash in combustion of bamboo powder
13.45 – 14.00 Puji Rahmawati Nurcahyani and Yukihiko Matsumura
RE 4. Influence of nutrient concentration on phosphorus consumption and
biomass productivity of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris
14.00 – 14.15 Tsuyoshi Komoto, Naoto Morishige and Ken-Ichiro Tanoue
RE 5. Study on thermal and chemical reactions during major components of
woody biomass
14.15 – 14.30 Hiroki Yokoyama and Yukihiko Matsumura
RE 6. Nitrogen behavior in supercritical water gasification of glycine at the
initial stage
14.30 – 14.45 Andi Erwin Eka Putra, Inong Oskar, Hairul Arsyad and Novriany
Amaliyah
RE 7. Characterization of Pyrolysis and Gasification Product of Cashew
Nutshell Waste
14.45 – 15.00 Muh. Firdan Nurdin, Andi Erwin Eka Putra and Novriany Amaliyah
RE 8. Plasma Treatment in-Water Processes of Sugarcane Bagasse
15.00 – 15.30 Coffee Break
15.30 – 15.45 Andi Amijoyo Mochtar, Jalaluddin Hadda, Rafiuddin Syam and
Amirullah Amirullah
RE 9. Optimization of Methane Gas using Active Charcoal Purification,
Plantain Banana Skin and Cows Waste in Biodigester
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The 8th JCREN 2019
15.45 – 16.00 Pongsert Sriprom, Pornyamon Leephisuth, Arthit Neramittagapong and

Sutasinee Neramittagapong
RE 10. Optimization of lignin conversion by hydrothermal process for recovery
of vanillin
Room B (Renewable Energy Session 2)

Chair: Azwar Hayat, Ph.D and Prof. Shinfuku Nomura
13.00 – 13.15 Khairil Anwar, Syukri Himran, Luther Sule and Nasruddin Azis
RE 11. Performance of Bach-type Savonius Wind Turbine with Modification
of Straight Blade Angle
13.15 – 13.30 Jufri, Daeng Paroka, Jalaluddin and Rustan Tarakka
RE 12. Simulation of Sea Wave Energy Absorption Based on Overview of
Wave Height, Shape and Size of Buoyancy
13.30 – 13.45 Luther Sule, Andi Amijoyo Mochtar, Jalaluddin Hadda, Rafiuddin Syam
and Aksan Eji
RE 13. Axial Fan Performance using Variation of Number of Blades in Flow
Direction
13.45 – 14.00 Abdul Muis and Muhammad Sadat Hamzah
RE 14. Design and Development of Crossflow Turbine for Low Head
Application
14.00 – 14.15 Mustofa, Basri, Hasan Basri, Jumiyatun, Irwan Mahmudi, Hariyanto,
Zuryati Djafar and Wahyu H. Piarah
RE 15. Low Sun Spectrum on Simulation of an Amorphous Silicon
Photovoltaic and Thermoelectric Generator Hybrid
14.15 – 14.30 Azwar Hayat and Rafiuddin Syam
RE 16. Performance analysis of flexible solar panels on electric motorcycles
with flat and curved mounting positions
14.30 – 14.45 Sallolo Suluh, Abd Rauf Musadat, Zuryati Djafar, Novriany Amaliyah,
and Wahyu H. Piarah
RE 17. The Efficiency of Steel Plate Biomass Briquette Stove with Variation
of Aluminum Cylinder Diameter
Room B (General and Innovative Technology Session)
Chair: Azwar Hayat, Ph.D and Prof. Shinfuku Nomura
14.45 – 15.00 Kazuki Tange, Shinfuku Nomura and Junichi Nakajima
GI 3. Methylene blue decomposition by various in-liquid plasma methods
15.30 – 15.45 Haobo Yuan, Ryo Tanaka, Yuushou Nakayama and Takeshi Shiono
GI 4. Ring-opening polymerization of macrocyclic oligocarbonates with
phosphazene superbase
15.45 – 16.00 Ramiro Emerson Amon, Christian Lawagon, Keenan Jake Segamata,
France Joshua Barrientos, Ronnel Esparagoza, Esther Consuelo Tan and
Chosel Lawagon
GI 5. Preparation of graphene-based conductive ink from spent zinc-carbon
batteries
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The 8th JCREN 2019
Room C (Nano Technology Session)

Chair: Dr.Eng Lukmanul Hakim Arma and Prof. Tawatchai Charinpanitkul
13.00 – 13.15 Riku Yamada, Shinobu Mukasa, Ryota Kikuchi, Koichiroh Sakai and
Shinfuku Nomura
NA 1. Sintering of Copper Nanoparticles Synthesized by Pulsed Discharge
Method in Methanol
13.15 – 13.30 Joshua S. Aldave, Celine Joy A. Cruz, Lennard A. Felipe, Florencio D. De
los Reyes, Chosel P. Lawagon, Patcharaporn Srisrattha, and Tawatchai
Charinpanitkul
NA 2. Synthesis and Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes Derived from
Eucalyptus Oil for the Removal of Amoxicillin from Aqueous Solution
13.30 – 13.45 Aishah Mahpudz, Siu Ling Lim, Hitoshi Inokawa, Katsuki Kusakabe and
Ryuichi Tomoshige
NA 3. Cobalt nanocluster intercalated on layered double hydroxide (LDH):
Control of cluster size and effect on its catalytic activity for sodium
borohydride (NaBH4) hydrolysis
13.45 – 14.00 Phanatchakorn Mala, Chosel Lawagon, Araya Smuthkochorn, Tawatchai
Charinpanitkul and Sakhon Ratchahat
NA 4. Effect of temperature to electroless nickel plating on multiwalled carbon
nanotubes
14.00 – 14.15 Karina Irene Valeriano, Darlene Atienza, Dan Erson Talplacido, Rose
Ann Tamolang, Tawatchai Charinpanitkul and Chosel Lawagon
NA 5. Synthesis and characterization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes from
turpentine oil using chemical vapor deposition with ferrocene
14.15 – 14.30 Meutia Farida, Ilham Alimuddin, Asri Jaya, Lily Fauzielly and Jimmi
Nugraha
NA 6. Identifiyng the Calcareous Nanofossils from Tonasa Limestone Karama
Section Jeneponto Area South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Room C (General and Innovative Technology Session)
Chair: Dr.Eng Lukmanul Hakim Arma and Prof. Tawatchai Charinpanitkul
14.30 – 14.45 Keitaro Fukumoto, Ryo Tanaka, Yuushou Nakayama, Takeshi Shiono,
Norioki Kawasaki, Naoko Yamano and Atsuyoshi Nakayama
GI 1. Synthesis and properties of sequence-controlled copolyesters composed
of glycolic acid, 1,4-butanediol and dicarboxylic acid
14.45 – 15.00 Kentaro Kawai, Ryoya Shiraishi, Shinfuku Nomura, Junichi Nakajima
and Kei Kirihara
GI 2. Characteristics of ultrafine bubbles in an alkaline aqueous solution
15.30 – 15.45 Chosel Lawagon, Giang Le, Jamekorn Panichpol, Kantapong Arunaditya
and Tawatchai Charinpanitkul
GI 6. Preparation of sulfonated graphene oxide from petrochemical waste oil
15.45 – 16.00 Francheska Therese Teñoso, Jennelle Andre Javier, Krizia Mharee Poja,
Divine Angela Sumalinog and Jenyuk Lohwacharin
GI 7. Utilization of coconut husk wastes as adsorbent material for the removal
of Ibuprofen: Kinetic studies and mechanisms
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The 8th JCREN 2019
Room D (General and Innovative Technology Session)

Chair: Dr. Hairul Arsyad and Prof. Ken-Ichiro Tanoue
13.00 – 13.15 Hairul Arsyad and Sudarsono
GI 8. The Effect of Width Scaling on Flexural Behavior of CFRP Laminates
13.15 – 13.30 Yutaro Suzuki, Shuhei Inoue and Yukihiko Matsumura
GI 9. Development of photoelectron yield spectrometer and measure electronic
structure of photochromic materials
13.30 – 13.45 Kosuke Okamoto, Ryoya Shiraishi, Shinfuku Nomura, Hiromichi Toyota
and Shota Shimokawa
GI 10. One-step ammonia synthesis under by in-liquid plasma ordinary
temperature and pressure
13.45 – 14.00 Takumi Harada, Yuushou Nakayama, Ryo Tanaka, Takeshi Shiono,
Norioki Kawasaki, Naoko Yamano and Atsuyoshi Nakayama
GI 11. Development of poly(butylene furanoate)-based cationic ionomers
14.00 – 14.15 Jumiyatun, Baso Mukhlis, Agustinus Kali, Ikhwal Syukur and Mustofa
GI 12. Application of DCDC Boost Converter in the Utilization of Heat and
Cold Temperatures Conversion Using Thermoelectric Generator and PID
Controller
14.15 – 14.30 Lamya Zahir, Ryo Tanaka, Yuushou Nakayama and Takeshi Shiono
GI 13. Synthesis of Thermoplastic Elastomers using 2-Methyl-1,3-
propanediol, Succinic Acid and Lactide
14.30 – 14.45 Muh. Farid Hidayat, Ilyas Renreng and Fauzan Djamaluddin
GI 14. Analysis of Crashworthiness and Optimization of Bi-Tubular Thin-
walled Structures
14.45 – 15.00 Sutami Suparmin, Muhammad Zakir, Irwan Ridwan Rahim and Faizal
Arya Samman
GI 15. Comparative Experimental Power Measurements of Red Soil Battery
with H2SO4, NaCl, and NaOH Additive Solutions
15.30 – 15.45 Misaki Honda, Yuto Yamasaki and Ken-Ichiro Tanoue
GI 16. Influence of operation pressure on heat and mass transfer in SiO2 thin
film coating by thermal CVD
15.45 – 16.00 Fauziah Hamzah, Muhammad Aldian Adiputra Latif, Faizal Arya
Samman, Rafiuddin Syam, Rhiza S. Sadjad and Tino Suhaebri
GI 17. Variable Frequency Pulse Control Algorithm for Electric Motor
Controller used in Electric Vehicle Applications
Room E (General and Innovative Technology Session)

Chair: Fauzan, Ph.D and Dr.Eng Andi Erwin Eka Putra
13.00 – 13.15 Phetcharat Dhammayannarangsi, Chalida Nakalekha Limjeerajarus and
Nuttapol Limjeerajarus
GI 18. An FEA on a simplified 3D maxillary first premolar model suggested
the commonly used modulus of elasticity values of the periodontal ligament
may be incorrect.
13.15 – 13.30 Shuhei Inoue, Kento Tobinaga and Yukihiko Matsumura
GI 19. Evaluation of yellow phosphors synthesized by sol-gel method
13.30 – 13.45 Novriany Amaliyah, Azwar Hayat and M. Alif Prasetyo
GI 20. Semiconductor TiO2 Coating deposited by Microwave Plasma Method
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The 8th JCREN 2019
13.45 – 14.00 Zulkifli Djafar, Ilhamzah Ilhamzah and Ilyas Renreng

GI 21. The Effect of Seawater Immersion in Ramie Fiber Composites on
Impact Strength
14.00 – 14.15 Hamsir, Onny Sutresman, Muhammad Syahid and Hairul Arsyad
GI 22. Effect of Salinity and Temperature on Corrosion Rate of ST 41 and SS
304 Steels in the Seawater Environment
14.15 – 14.30 Ratih Sholihah, Irwan Mahmudi, Yulius Pirade, Sari Dewi, Sitti Nurada,
Asti Dian and Mustofa
GI 23. Optimization of Distributed Generation Placement for Voltage Drop
Minimization in PALAPAS’s Radial Distribution System Using Genetic
Algorithm
14.30 – 14.45 Rustan Tarakka, Jalaluddin, and Wawan Rauf
GI 24. Computational Analysis of The Application of Active Control on
Vehicle Model with Varied Suction Velocities
14.45 – 15.00 Viktus Kolo Koten, Syukri Himran, Nasaruddin Salam, and Luther Sule
GI 25. Modified Blade Pitch Angle on the Changes Darrieus Turbine
Tangential Speed
Organized and Sponsored by:
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The 8th JCREN 2019
[Keynote Speech 1]
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells in the Realm of Future Energy Challenges:

Materials Design & Device Engineering
Shyam S. Pandey
Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of
Technology, 2-4, Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu 808-0196, JAPAN
* Corresponding author: shyam@life.kyutech.ac.jp
Abstract
Increasing population and standards of life led to the ever-increasing demand for energy and
about > 80 % of which use the precious non-renewable energy resources. This limited supply of non-
renewable energy resources enforced the scientific community to explore the immensely available
solar energy. Amongst various approaches to harness the solar energy in to directly usable
electricity, implementation of solar cells is one of the possible and amicable solutions. Although solar
cells based on silicon, CIGS and Cd-Tl have gone in to the market but their high cost of production (>
10-20 times compared to fossil fuels) motivated the research and development of next generation
solar cells. Amongst these next generation solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have
attracted the world- wide attentions due to its economical and environment friendly fabrication
process, cost- effectiveness along with the appreciably good photoconversion efficiency (PCE). In the
past two decades, intensive research towards the optimization various components of DSSCs like
nanoporous oxide layer, sensitizers, electrolytes and their respective nanometric interfaces leading
to the high PCE (> 14 %) surpassing the efficiency of the amorphous silicon solar cells.
Sensitizing dyes play the pivotal role in controlling the overall photoconversion efficiency
being actual light absorber. A perusal of the action spectrum of some of the most efficient DSSCs
corroborated to the achievement of nearly quantitative photon harvesting in the visible region,
Achievement of PCE over 12 % in spite of the photon harvesting mainly in the visible wavelength
region not only indicates the efficient functioning of the various components but also give the hope
for achieving the efficiency beyond 20 % by design and development novel near infrared (NIR)
sensitizers. Apart from high light absorptivity, presence of suitable anchoring group at right position
within the molecule are highly desired. Most importantly, matching of energy level of the sensitizer
with respect to the n-type wide band gap semiconductor (for electron transport) and redox electrolyte
(for hole transparent is inevitable for the functioning the DSSCs. This energetic constraint makes the
development of efficient NIR sensitizers more challenging owing to their relatively smaller energy
band gap posing lower degree of freedom for molecular design as shown in the Figure 1. To assist
the molecular design state-of-art theoretical molecular orbital calculations have now become one of
most important and assistive tools. In spite of utilization of single sensitizer to harvest entire visible
to NIR photons utilization of multiple sensitizers and their implementation as selective adsorption
in hybrid DSSC or utilization of tandem DSSC architecture is highly desired. In spite of a shift
from laboratory research to low user-end applications of DSSCs by G24i, its large-scale
industrial application is still lacking. This large-scale industrial implementation needs amicable
solution for the intriguing issues like enhancing the efficiency, reducing the cost of production and
enhancing the stability.
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Figure 1: Energetics of various components utilized in the fabrication of DSSCs.
In the standard DSSCs, two transparent conducting oxide (TCO) glass plates are being
used, which becomes four in the case mechanically stacked and series connected tandem solar
cells. Cost-estimation of DSSCs reveals that it poses a cost burden of about
24 % of the total production cost. At the same time, most commonly used I-/I3- redox electrolyte
in the DSSCs are corrosive in nature and causes corrosion of current collecting
grids leading to long term stability issues. Taking these points in to consideration, we have proposed
the TCO-less DSSC architectures by partially and completely removing the costly TCO layers and
demonstrated the observation of nearly similar photoconversion efficiency compared that of its TCO-
based DSSC counterparts. Focus will also be directed for discussions pertaining to the fabrication
and characterization of TCO-less DSSCs, where metal wire and metal mesh based TCO-less
cylindrical DSSCs in novel device architectures. At the same time in order attain cost-effectiveness
and long-term device stability, metal mesh based flat TCO-less DSSCs using Cobalt based redox
electrolyte will also be introduced.
Biodata of Shyam S. Pandey

Dr. Shyam S. Pandey completed his PhD from, National Physical Laboratory,
New Delhi, India in 1997 in the area of organic conjugated polymers. He came to
Japan as post-doctoral fellow in 1998. He worked as Fukuoka IST sponsored
post-doctoral fellow in the Kyushu Institute of Technology from 1998-2001 in the
area of photo-functional materials and devices. He was JSPS post-doctoral
fellow from 2001- 2003 (Soft-actuators & Artificial Muscles) and Knowledge
Cluster invited researcher from 2003-2007 (Protein Biochips). He has received National Technology
Award from National Research & Development Corporation, Government of India in 2005 for the
development of Glucose Biosensors, which is currently being manufactured and marketed. He
worked in Kyushu Institute of Technology as assistant professor form 2009-2012 in the area of
design and development of novel photo functional materials for their application in the area of next
generation solar cells. Currently he is an associate professor of Graduate School of Life Science
and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology since 2012. He has published more than
190 papers in international refereed journals and about 30 patents in India, Japan Europe and USA.
His research interests deal with the Dye- Sensitized and Organic Solar Cells, Quantum Chemical
Calculations, Organic Electronics & optoelectronics, Organic Conducting Polymers, Biosensors and
Protein Biochips.
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The 8th JCREN 2019
[Keynote Speech 2]
Synthesis of magnetic carbon nanomaterials and their applications in bio-

circular economy
Giang Le1, Chosel P. Lawagon1, and Tawatchai Charinpanitkul*1,2

1Center of Excellence in Particle Technology and Material Processing, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
2Research Network of NANOTEC-KU on Nanocatalyst and Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy
and Environment, Bangkok, Thailand
*Corresponding author: ctawat@chula.ac.th
Abstract
Synthesis of magnetic carbon nanomaterials (MCNs) from industrial-based or biomass-

based precursors and their applications in the emerging requirement of bio-circular economy has
been summarized. Some promising synthesis methodologies, i.e. catalytic chemical vapor
deposition of carbon precursor with the presence of ferrocene, have been explored. In order to
confirm their unique properties, various characterization methods, i.e. electron microscopy,
Raman, XPS, XRD spectroscopies, have been employed. Usage of industrial waste and abundant
biomass for producing MCNs and their derivatives could contribute to bio-circular economy by
significantly decreasing the environmental burden. Novel applications of MCNs as a catalyst for
biomass waste (i.e. water hyacinth) conversion into high value-added products, i.e. 5-HMF,
levulinic acid and other derivatives has been explored by various research teams. Meanwhile,
hybrid material composed of magnetic carbon nanotubes in cement matrix has also been examined.
In addition, the emerging requirement of energy storage devices could also be realized by effective
mass production of carbon nanomaterials which could be engineered from hydrocarbon or biomass
waste. In summary, MCNs and their derivatives would provide substantial contributions to the
bio-circular economy which would be recognized as one of the sustainable development goals of the
United Nations.
1. Introduction
Carbon nanomaterials, i.e. carbon nanotubes, graphene, activated carbon, have received
remarkable attention and been widely studied due to their unique thermal, optical, mechanical
and electrical properties [1]. Numerous carbon precursors such as benzene, xylene, toluene, have
been employed as feedstocks for the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials [2]. However, all of them
are derived from fossil fuels. The intensive usage of carbon materials may result in the depletion
of natural resources hence the development of alternative sources for the syntheses of such carbon
nanomaterials has gained enormous research attention. Usage of industrial wastes and biomass
as carbon feedstock has been intensively explored and exhibits some promising results.
At the moment, carbon nanomaterials have been extensively applied in various fields
primarily due to their excellent properties. In addition, incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles
into carbon nanomaterials has received increasing interest with better separation for handling and
recycling. In this work, the preparation of magnetic carbon nanomaterials (MCNs) from renewable
precursors together with their potential applications (Fig. 1) are summarized, revealing a
promising approach of these materials toward the bio-circular economy system.
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Fig. 1 Magnetic carbon nanomaterials from renewable precursors and their potential applications
2. Abundant industrial-based and biomass-based sources

Various types of industrial wastes have been investigated as promising alternative
precursors, which are beneficial in many aspects, such as low cost, waste reduction, and waste
recycling for a sustainable goal. For instance, several studies utilized agro-waste (bagasse) [2],
solid plastic waste (polypropylene, polyethylene) [3], chemical process waste (turpentine oil,
naphthalene) [4], petroleum refining process waste (de-oiled asphalt, ethylene, acetylene) [5] for
the preparation of carbon nanotubes and graphene.
Besides, biomass-based sources are also intensive explored as renewable and readily
available precursors for carbon nanomaterial synthesis. Usage of biomass as carbon precursor
varies in a wide range, from plant-based biomass (corn, palm shell, coconut shell, wood, leaf) [6], to
fruit-based biomass (peel and pulp of fruits) [7], microorganism-based biomass (yeast, mushroom)
[8], animal-based biomass (chitin, insects, feather, egg shell) [9].
The utilization of industrial wastes and biomass for carbon nanomaterials synthesis
paves the way to sustainable development with better waste recycling, waste reduction and
preservation of natural resources. There is no doubt that utilization of such industrial waste is an
alternative path for waste handling which could encompass significant environmental and
economic benefits for the society.
3. Preparations and characterizations of magnetic carbon nanomaterials
Selections of feedstocks and synthesizing methods plays important roles in the
characteristics and performance of final products. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and thermal
pyrolysis are commonly used as efficient methods due to their low operating costs for large-scale
production and excellent controllability [10]. In general, synthesis of magnetic carbon
nanomaterials (MCNs) could be achieved by using metalocene compounds, i.e. ferrocene as
reactant or catalyst. Glycerol and ferrocene were employed as precursors in the co-pyrolysis
synthesis of MCNPs [11, 12], while ethanol and ferrocene were applied for the synthesis of metal
nanoparticles anchored CNTs via pyrolysis following by a microwave-assisted approach [13].
Regarding the uses of alternative precursors, magnetic activated carbon could also be
prepared from coconut shells and ferric chloride [14]. Additionally, magnetic carbon composite can
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The 8th JCREN 2019
be synthesized utilizing from wastepaper with the addition of ferric chloride as a catalyst [15].
Those previous works reveal various friendly and low-cost methods for further preparation of
magnetic carbon-based material in the future.
Generally, such MCNs could be characterized by a wide range of spectroscopic techniques
for confirming their unique properties which could suggest their potential applications. While
their morphology and nanostructure can be examined by SEM and TEM analyses, other
techniques, such as Raman, FTIR, XRD, XPS, could reveal the chemical characteristics of such
MCNs and their magnetic properties could be evaluated by VSM measurement.
4. Promising applications of magnetic carbon nanomaterials contributed to the bio-circular economy
4.1 Conversion of biomass into platform chemicals
With the shortage of fossil resources and other environmental issues, there are many
studies conducted on the conversion of renewable resources into valuable chemicals. Graphene
oxide functionalized with sulfonic acid was prepared for the conversion of biomass-derived hexose
sugars to levulinic acid [16]. Meanwhile, cellulose could be selectively hydrolyzed into glucose by
sulfonated carbon nanotubes as catalyst, which provided much higher yield than that of solid acid
catalyst [17].
The conversion of low value-added biomass to platform chemicals generally requires the
addition of catalyst for acceleration and higher efficiency, hence MCNs could be recognized as a
potential catalyst [18]. The presence of functionalized carbon content can enhance catalytic
conversion, while the magnetic property provides better separation for easy handling and recycling
[19].
4.2 Modification of cement matrix using carbon nanomaterials
Reinforcement of cement with carbon nanomaterials, such as multiwalled CNTs [20],
carbon nanofibers [21] or graphene [22] at relatively low dosage interestingly enhances the
mechanical properties of cement, evaluated by several parameters like a critical crack mouth
opening displacement, flexural strength of the cured nanocomposite, fracture toughness and the
stress-intensity factor. The cement-CNT composites could additionally be used as self-sensing
concrete which could lead to a variety of promising applications in novel infrastructure
development [23].
4.3 Magnetic carbon-based composites for energy storage applications
Iron oxides nanoparticles generally, have low energy storage capacity, hence its
incorporation into carbon-based materials has been explored intensively to enhance its
performance for energy applications [24]. Numerous MCNs have been investigated recently and
exhibit excellent electrical properties. A porous 3D carbon decorated Fe 3O4 nanocomposite
electrode has been reported to have an exceptionally high surface area (1712 m2 g-1) and high
capacitance retention of 95.1% after 5000 cycles [25]. Magnetic superhydrophobic carbonaceous
aerogel could exhibit intrinsic electronic properties with a specific capacitance of about 80 F g -1
[26]. With respect to energy storage, an increase of Fe 3O4-graphene nanosheets content in polymer
nanocomposites resulted in greater solar-to-thermal energy storage efficiency, in which Fe 3O4-
graphene nanosheets contributed as an effective photon captor and nanoheater [27].
The combination of positively charged magnetic nanoparticles and negatively charged
carbon nanomaterials reduces the resistance and facilitate better electrical stability which would
be applicable in fabricating energy storage devices. Such novel composites also possess distinctive
electrochemical stability which enables the uses at high current loading and enhance the
recyclability for numerous cycles, affirm their uses as potential materials for high-performance
supercapacitors.
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5. Summary
Synthesis and usage of magnetic carbon nanomaterials (MCNs) and their derivatives
exhibit promising properties with eco-friendly aspects related to the circular economy approach.
Such MCNs could be produced from alternative precursors (non-fossil fuel based) which could in
turn decrease the depletion of natural resources. Their promising applications, such as catalytic
conversion of biomass into high value-added chemicals, reinforcement of cement composites and
energy storage devices, exhibit their way to achieve sustainable development goals. Further in-
depth investigation should be further promoted and collaborated among various research teams for
better future of our society.
Acknowledgement
The authors would like to acknowledge supports of Ratchadapisek Sompoch Endowment
Fund (2015) of CU (CU-58-064-CC) and the National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), NSTDA
through the program of Research Network NANOTEC (RNN).
References
[1] Shah, K.A. and Tali, B.A., Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 41 67-82 (2016)
[2] Guo, Y., Tan, C., Sun, J., Li, W., Zhang, J., and Zhao, C., Chemical Engineering Journal, 381
122736 (2020)
[3] Ahamed, A., Veksha, A., Yin, K., Weerachanchai, P., Giannis, A., and Lisak, G., Journal of
Hazardous Materials, 121449 (2019)
[4] Saxena, K., Kumar, P., and Jain, V.K., New Carbon Materials, 26(5) 356-360 (2011)
[5] Zhang, W., Huang, Z.-H., Guo, Z., Li, C., and Kang, F., Materials Letters, 64(17) 1868-1870
(2010)
[6] Yang, G., Song, S., Li, J., Tang, Z., Ye, J., and Yang, J., Journal of Materials Science &
Technology, 35(5) 875-884 (2019)
[7] Liu, Y., Chang, Z., Yao, L., Yan, S., Lin, J., Chen, J., Lian, J., Lin, H., and Han, S., Journal of
Electroanalytical Chemistry, 847 113111 (2019)
[8] Pacquiao, M.R., de Luna, M.D.G., Thongsai, N., Kladsomboon, S., and Paoprasert, P., Applied
Surface Science, 453 192-203 (2018)
[9] Ilnicka, A., Walczyk, M., and Lukaszewicz, J.P., Materials Science and Engineering: C, 52 31-
36 (2015)
[10] Kerdnawee, K., Termvidchakorn, C., Yaisanga, P., Pakchamsai, J., Chookiat, C., Eiad-ua, A.,
Wongwiriyapan, W., Chaiwat, W., Ratchahat, S., Faungnawakij, K., Suttiponparnit, K., and
Charinpanitkul, T., KONA Powder and Particle Journal, advpub (2017)
[11] Kerdnawee, K., Sano, N., Tamon, H., and Charinpanitkul, T., Particuology, 37 9-16 (2018)
[12] Kerdnawee, K., Kuptajit, P., Sano, N., Tamon, H., Chaiwat, W., and Charinpanitkul, T.,
Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy, 96(9) 362-366 (2017)
[13] Kumar, R., Singh, R.K., Tiwari, V.S., Yadav, A., Savu, R., Vaz, A.R., and Moshkalev, S.A.,
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 695 1793-1801 (2017)
[14] Cazetta, A.L., Pezoti, O., Bedin, K.C., Silva, T.L., Paesano Junior, A., Asefa, T., and Almeida,
V.C., ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 4(3) 1058-1068 (2016)
[15] Yang, J., Ao, Z., Wu, H., Zhang, S., Chi, C., Hou, C., and Qian, L., Renewable Energy, 146 477-
483 (2020)
[16] Upare, P.P., Yoon, J.-W., Kim, M.Y., Kang, H.-Y., Hwang, D.W., Hwang, Y.K., Kung, H.H., and
Chang, J.-S., Green Chemistry, 15(10) 2935-2943 (2013)
[17] Pang, J., Wang, A., Zheng, M., and Zhang, T., Chem Commun (Camb), 46(37) 6935-6937
(2010)
[18] Bhanja, P. and Bhaumik, A., Fuel, 185 432-441 (2016)
[19] Desmecht, A., Pennetreau, F., L’hoost, A., Nircha, I., Pichon, B.P., Riant, O., and Hermans, S.,
Catalysis Today, 334 24-29 (2019)
[20] Singh, A.P., Gupta, B.K., Mishra, M., Govind, Chandra, A., Mathur, R.B., and Dhawan, S.K.,
Carbon, 56 86-96 (2013)
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[21] Liu, Y., Wang, M., Tian, W., Qi, B., Lei, Z., and Wang, W., Composites Part A: Applied Science
and Manufacturing, 125 105570 (2019)
[22] Dela Vega, M.S.D.C. and Vasquez, M.R., Composites Part B: Engineering, 160 573-585 (2019)
[23] Han, B., Ding, S., and Yu, X., Measurement, 59 110-128 (2015)
[24] Wang, H., Xiao, Z., Yu, Z., Ma, Y., Wu, P., Xue, F., Guo, W., Lu, W., Jiao, X., Jiang, P., and
Liang, M., Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 811 152019 (2019)
[25] Lim, Y.S., Lai, C.W., and Abd Hamid, S.B., RSC Advances, 7(37) 23030-23040 (2017)
[26] Lu, Y., Niu, Z., and Yuan, W., Applied Surface Science, 480 851-860 (2019)
[27] Wang, W., Tang, B., Ju, B., Gao, Z., Xiu, J., and Zhang, S., Journal of Materials Chemistry A,
5(3) 958-968 (2017)
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The 8th JCREN 2019
[Keynote Speech 3]
Biomass Utilization as Carbon Source for 2050
Yukihiko Matsumura*1
1Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University
* Corresponding author: mat@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
Abstract
Price of electricity from photovoltaic system is getting cheaper and cheaper, achieving parity
grid for some cases. Fluctuation is a problem of this solar power, but more and more elecric vehicles
are introduced, providing power storage capacity for the fluctuating power source. Considering this
situation, biomass electricity will not be needed sooner or later. Further, considering the needs for
renewable energy introduction, what can be supplied by electricity will be shifting to the electric
system, including heat demand. Even so, there are three energy needs that cannot be supplied by
electricity. Biomass should be used to supply these three use: bioplastic, jet fuel, and biocoke, which
are all characterized as carbon source.
1. Introduction
Paris Agreement [1] and following activities are invoking movement to aim zero carbon
society in 2050. Japanese government has a target of reducing 26 % of greenhouse gas in the year of
2030 based on 2013 [2] and 80 % in the year of 2050 [3]. However, Japan has not succeeded to have
a clear milestones for this target. Meanwhile, price of electricity from photovoltaic system is getting
cheaper and cheaper, achieving parity grid for some cases. Fluctuation is a problem of this solar
power, but mroe and more electric vehicles are introduced, providing power storage capacity for the
fluctuating power source. Considering this situation, biomass electricity will not be needed sooner or
later. Further, considering the needs for renewable energy introduction, what can be supplied by
electricity will be shifting to the electric system, including heat demand. Development of energy
system aiming at no CO2 emission, considering this situation should be useful. The purpose of this
study is to investigate the possibility of introducing renewable energy in Japan.
2. Calculation method
Case study in terms of CO2 emission calculation was made for Japan. No economic effect was
considered. A parabolic curve was developed to show the target CO 2 emission reduction using CO2
emission in the years of 2013, 2030, and 2050, and reduction of CO2 by introducing possible
technology was estimated. Employed technologies are efficeincy improvement of internal
combustion engine, hydrogen electricity storage, electric vehicle, and elecric heat generation.
3. Results and Discussion

Japanese CO2 emissin in the year of 2013 is 1306 Gg-CO2. First assumption was to
introduce vehicles of high efficiency of 50 % replacing present ones of efficiency 30 % for the years of
2020-2030. This allowed to follow the target curve up to 2030. Then, assumption that renewable
electricity is introduced for present elecricity use only for the years of 2020-2050. Because solar
electricity is fluctuating, this is equivalent to introduce hydrogen electricity introduction. This
allowed to follow the target curve up to 2040. Third assumption was to replace other energy use by
electicity but plactic, jet fuel, and coke for iron production. These three uses are not replacable. The
allowed to follow the target curve up to 2050, leaving only about 10 % of 2013 CO2 emission.
The reaon why plactic, jet fuel, and coke for iron production cannot be supplied from
electricity is because these use require carbon inherently. Plastice requires structure of molecular
carbon chain. Jet fuel reuires energy density of hydrocarbon. Coke requires strength of carbon in
the blast furnace.
Judging from this result, we should keep biomass for the use of plactic, jet fuel, and coke
while leaving other energy needs to renewable electricity. It is time to develop biomass technology
for these use practically.
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4. Conclusion
Energy use that can be replaced by electricity should be covered by renewable electricity.
Biomass should be saved for the use that cannot be replaced by electricity, which are plactic, jet
fuel, and coke.
Acknowledgment
YM appreciates discussion with Dr. Takayuki Ichikawa and Dr. Michihisa Koyama on this subject.
References
[1] United Nations: Available from https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-
parisagreement/the-paris-agreement
[2] Global Warming Prevention Headquarters, Japanese Government: Available from
https://www.env.go.jp/earth/ondanka/ghg/mat01_indc.pdf (in Japanese)
[3] Japanese Cabinet (2016) Available from https://www.env.go.jp/press/files/jp/102816.pdf
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JCREN 2019
ABSTRACT
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The 8th JCREN 2019
[RE-1] A comparison study on hydrogen production by in-liquid plasma

methods
Ryoya Shiraishi*1, Shinfuku Nomura1, Hiromichi Toyota1
1 Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University
*Corresponding author: shiraishi.ryoya.kg@ehime-u.ac.jp
Abstract
In this study, hydrogen production by in-liquid plasma method reported so far was
compared in order to suggest optimal method and condition. Since in-liquid plasma is plasma
generated within bubbles in a liquid, an ingredient having a small evaporation enthalpy (EE) has
been found to be more advantageous. In addition, it is necessary to select an ingredient having a high
thermodynamic ideal efficiency (IE) as calculated from the enthalpy of formation. The actual
hydrogen production efficiency (HPE) of water (IE; 0.28 Nm3-H2/kWh, EE; 44 kJ/mol), methanol (IE;
1.26 Nm3-H2/kWh, EE; 38 kJ/mol), n- dodecane (IE; 2.99 Nm3-H2/kWh, EE; 62 kJ/mol), are 0.02,
0.28, 0.13 Nm3-H2/kWh respectively. The highest HPE was obtained in methanol decomposition.
This indicates that ingredient with low EE and high IE are advantageous for hydrogen production.
Also, the HPE is worsened because most of the energy of the plasma diffuse to the surroundings.
Therefore, it is essential to develop efficient heat recovery methods and heat insulation systems.
[RE-2] Effect Of Heating Rate On Supercritical Water Gasification Of Palm

Oil Mill Effluent
Rahmat Iman Mainil, Yukihiko Matsumura*
Graduated School of Engineering, Hiroshima University
*Corresponding author: mat@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
Abstract
Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a problematic waste from palm oil production. It could cause
severe pollution if no appropriate management carried out. Among several technologies employed to
utilize biomass waste as a source of energy, supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is the most
promising candidate. Supercritical water is a technology to gasify biomass in hot compress water.
The gasification reaction is quick, and high carbon gasification efficiency can be achieved. The
gasification efficiency is known to be affected by the feedstock heating rate. However, The effect
of heating rate on the conversion of POME has not been understood yet. To study this effect, we
treated POME in a continuous flow reactor at a constant temperature of 600 °C and controlled
pressure 25 MPa with various preheater length (1, 2, and 4 m). By comparing the results, the effect of
heating rate on carbon gasification efficiency and the phosphorus conversion was made clear.
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The 8th JCREN 2019
[RE-3] Study on mass transfer of ash in combustion of bamboo

powder
Kazuma TAKATA1, Nao UMEHARA1, Ken-ichiro TANOUE*1 , Morihisa
YOKOTA2, Toyoaki NIKI2
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yamaguchi University
2 Ube Industries, Ltd.
*Corresponding author: tano@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp
Abstract
In this study, bamboo powder combustion experiment was conducted while changing the
temperature using a flat flame in order to clarify the mass transfer mechanism of ash. Deposits and
residues after combustion were predicted by X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis and thermodynamic
equilibrium calculation by FactSage. From the visualization results, only a small amount of
deposit was observed at a maximum combustion temperature Tmax = 1200 K, but a strong and
large amount of deposit was confirmed at Tmax = 1300 K. XRF analysis focused on K2O, SiO2, and
Fe2O3, which are the main components of ash, and found that in the deposits, the higher the
combustion temperature made the more the ratio of SiO2 and Fe2O3. From the XRF analysis
results of the deposits, K2O accounted for about 80 % at Tmax = 1200 K, but the ratio of SiO2 and
Fe2O3 increased significantly at Tmax = 1300 K. In the thermodynamic equilibrium calculation by
FactSage, it was found that the higher the equilibrium temperature got the more the eutectic in the
solid state of Fe2O3 and K-Si system.
[RE-4] Influence Of Nutrient Concentration On Phosphorus Consumption

And Biomass Productivity Of Microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris
Puji Rahmawati Nurcahyani, Yukihiko Matsumura*
Abstract
Microalgae are a photosynthetic biomass which grow faster compared to the land plant. In the
growing period, these green algae need some nutrient with main composition of nitrogen, phosphorus
and potassium. However, the consumption behavior of those nutrient has not been reported well.
Therefore, we set this experiment to investigate the green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris's uptake of
phosphorus for growing their biomass. The cultivation was set in a batch reactor with a volume of
900 mL. Room temperature was controlled for 20OC, air was fed into the reactor with a flowrate of 3
mL/min, and the light intensity was 3.42 µmol/m2/s with 24 h photoperiod. The medium
concentration used was 10, 50, 100, 200 and 500 ppm. During cultivation period, microalgae
samples were taken once every 3 days and stopped in the 40th day. We analyzed the cell weight in
1 mL sample. Other than that, we analyzed the phosphorus content in the medium using
molybdenum blue method. As a result, the maximum biomass productivity was obtained for
nutrient concentration of 100 ppm, and the consumption rate of phosphorus for this concentration
was faster than those of others. The use of higher concentration of phosphorus might inhibit the
growth of microalgae.
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The 8th JCREN 2019
[RE-5] Study on thermal and chemical reactions during major

components of woody biomass
Tsuyoshi KOMOTO1, Naoto MORISIGE, Ken-ichiro TANOUE*1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yamaguchi University
* Corresponding author : tano@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp
Abstract
In this study, for the purpose of elucidating the pyrolysis process of woody biomass, we
focused on woody biomass major components and conducted thermo- gravimetric differential
thermal analysis (TG-DTA), drop tube experiments (DT) and rapid pyrolysis of the packed bed (PB).
First, the mass reduction process during pyrolysis and the final char mass at each temperature were
determined by TG-DTA. The product yield at each temperature was obtained by DT experiment. As a
result, it was found that the char yield decreased and the gas generation increased as the
experimental temperature increased. Heat transfer and chemical reaction were investigated by the
PB experiment. Time course of the temperature during cellulose pyrolysis had a quasi- steady state
with gas generation because of endothermic pyrolysis reaction. On the other hand, the generation gas
flow rate by lignin pyrolysis was lower and longer than that by cellulose pyrolysis.
[RE-6] Nitrogen Behavior in Supercritical Water Gasification of Glycine

at the Initial Stage
Hiroki Yokoyama, Yukihiko Matsumura*
Abstract
Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is attracting attention because it can convert
biomass quickly to produce fuel gas. The effectiveness of SCWG of carbohydrates has been reported.
But biomass resources have not only carbohydrates but also nitrogen compounds. Sato et al. studied
nitrogen behavior in subcritical condition. They said that ionic reaction was mainly occurred in
subcritical condition, considering that ion product dramatically decreases in supercritical condition.
Siribunyaroj et al. studied nitrogen behavior in SCWG, proposed reaction scheme, and determined
the reaction rate of glycine decomposition. However, discussion about behavior of nitrogen in SCWG
at its early stage is insufficient because almost all glycine had been decomposed for their reaction
time. So, we conducted SCWG of glycine in less than 5 s to find its behavior at the initial stage of
decomposition. As a result, we elucidated reaction rate of glycine decomposition in SCWG.
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[RE-7] Characterization of Pyrolysis and Gasification Product of Cashew

Nut Shell waste
Andi Erwin Eka Putra1, Inong Oskar2, Hairul Arsyad1, Novriany Amaliyah1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University,
Makassar, Indonesia
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Atmajaya University,
Makassar, Indonesia
*Corresponding author: novriany@unhas.ac.id
Abstract
This research examines the characteristics of pyrolysis and gasification product of cashew
nut shell waste. Pyrolysis products such as charcoal, oil, and tar were analyzed using proximate
testing, scanning electron microscope, x-ray diffraction, and chromatography at pyrolysis
temperature of 600°C and 900°C. The gasification products such as tar and gas were analyzed using
chromatography at the addition of oxygen and the absence of oxygen and heating time was observed.
The result shows that charcoal products of pyrolysis obtained higher heating value (HHV) equal to
6853 kcal/kg and 6474 kcal/kg at 600o and 900oC of pyrolysis temperature respectively. Scanning
electron microscope result of charcoal shows a non-uniform pore size of 2 to 10 µm. Oil viscosity was
obtained at 0.9528 cP and tar content was dominated by phenol compound group of 46.52%. The gas
content of the gasification product of cashew nutshell waste was dominated by propane of 44.20%
with a higher heating value of 938.24 kcal/kg. The heating time with the addition of oxygen takes a
longer time of 10% to 45% than in the absence of oxygen
[RE-8] Plasma Treatment in-Water Processes of Sugarcane Bagasse

Muh. Firdan Nurdin, Andi Erwin Eka Putra*, Novriany Amaliyah
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University
*Corresponding author : erwinep@eng.unhas.ac.id
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is an indispensable plant, representing most of the
cultivated plants throughout the world. Sugarcane is processed to produce crystalline sugar and
bioethanol. Sugarcane bagasse waste can be utilized through some treatment. In this study, PT in-
Water treatment was applied to sugarcane bagasse to investigated the glucose concentrates and by-
products. PT in-water energy input parameters were 320, 340, and 400W with an irradiation time
of 1, 2.5 and 5 minutes. Sugarcane bagasse after treatment and by-products were tested using the
Nelson Somogyi method to determine glucose percentage and characterized using Fourier
Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Image-J
software. The results showed that the percentage of glucose in sugarcane bagasse decreased from
0.028% to 0.00023% at 400 W energy input and irradiation time of 5 minutes. The by-product
resulted in cellulose nanoparticles which had an average diameter from 276.14 to 105.78 nm at
each energy input variation.
Page | 26
The 8th JCREN 2019
[RE-9] Optimization of Methane Gas using Active Charcoal Purification,

Plantain Banana Skin and Cows Waste in Biodigester
Andi Amijoyo Mochtar*1, Jalaluddin1, Rafiuddin Syam1, Amirullah1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
*Corresponding author: andijoyo@unhas.ac.id
Abstract
Biogas sources are mostly obtained from the wild, including household and animal
waste. The purpose of this study was to determine the methane gas content produced by using
plantain banana as a catalyst as well as the addition of a purifier, and analysis of the effect of
methane gas on the flame and the resulting duration of the flame. The samples used in this study
were cows waste, plantain banana skin, active charcoal as a purifier and water. The experimental
study begins by crushed the plantain banana peels become smooth, after that mixing with cow
waste and water, the substrate is put into biodigester. The study observe the gas content, the gas
flow rate, and the flame test, on the variable composition of the substrate used, namely 8 kg cows
waste, 8 liters of water and 1kg of plantain banana peels including purificator filter. The results
showed the value of CH4 gas content of 886,000 ppm and O2 206,600 ppm, gas flow velocity of 99.09
ml/s, and the resulting flame color was blue, duration time of ignition flame 71.01 s at a pressure of
4 psi in the biodigester.
[RE-10] Optimization of lignin conversion by hydrothermal process for

recovery of vanillin
Pongsert Sriprom1,2, Pornyamon Leephisuth2,3,4, Arthit Neramittagapong2,3,4
Sutasinee Neramittagapong2,3,4
1 Program of Food Process Engineering, Faculty of Agro-Industry, King Mongkut’s Institute of
Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok,10520, Thailand
2 Research Program on Development of Appropriate Technologies for Coloring Agent Removal from
Textile Dyeing, Pulp & Paper, Sugar Industries for Sustainable Management, Center of Excellence
on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Phatumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
3 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kean University, Khon Kean,
40002, Thailand
4 Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management (EHSM), Khon Kean
University, Khon Kean,40002, Thailand
*Corresponding author: sutasineene@kku.ac.th
Abstract
This work aimed to study optimization of lignin conversion by hydrothermal process for
vanillin recovery. A set of experiments was designed by Box-Benhken Design (BBD). A
reaction temperature (140 – 200°C), an amount of NaOH (4-20 g/L), and a reaction time (15-45
minutes) were chosen as independent parameters for evaluation of an optimum condition to yield
highest vanillin. Hydrothermal process of lignin was performed in high pressure reactor. Products
from the reaction were analyzed by HPLC. Based on the results, the optimum condition for vanillin
production was predicted using response surface method (RSM). The maximum vanillin production
of 18.1 mg/L was expected at the optimum condition: temperature of 142°C, NaOH concentration of
9.2g/L, and reaction time of 32 minutes. The hydrothermal process for recovery of vanillin at
optimum condition were verified; the concentration of vanillin production achieved (16.7 ± 1 mg/L)
were close to the maximum predicted value (18.1 mg/L). Temperature, NaOH concentration and
interaction effect between temperature and pressure had an effect on vanillin production from
lignin. Finally, hydrothermal process of lignin is expected as green technology for vanillin
production.
Page | 27
The 8th JCREN 2019
[RE-11] Performance of Bach-type Savonius Wind Turbine with

Modification of Straight Blade Angle
Khairil anwar*1,2, Syukri Himran2, Luther Sule2, Nasruddin Azis2
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tadulako University, Palu
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Palu
*Corresponding author: khairilanwar@untad.ac.id
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the modification of Bach-type Savonius wind turbine on
the straight blade section, by bending on the straight blade inward and outward, to obtain optimal
performance. The Savonius wind turbine model was tested experimentally to predict the
performance of the Savonius wind turbine in terms of the moment coefficient (CM) and power
coefficient (CP) parameters concerning the tip speed ratio (TSR). The experiments are carried out at
a certain wind speed by placing the savonius turbine models at the wind tunnel exit. The results
obtained show that the blade model with the straight blade bent outwards 10° (β=100°) has a better
power coefficient than other tested models.
[RE-12] Study the effect of wave height variations on the absorption

efficiency of the Floating Wave Energy Converter
Jufri*1, Daeng Paroka2, Jalaluddin1 Rustan Tarakka1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hasanuddin University
2 Department of Ocean Engineering, Hasanuddin University
*Corresponding author: jufri@atim.ac.id; dparoka@eng.unhas.ac.id; jalaluddin_had@yahoo.com;
rustan_tarakka@yahoo.com
Abstract
Indonesia is the largest archipelago country in the world with the second longest coastline in
the world. Along the coast it has the potential for wave energy to be developed into renewable
energy. Therefore, it is necessary to have studies on parameters which have an influence on the
potential density and the potential technology of energy absorption from ocean waves. Parameters of
buoy diameter and sea wave height are considered to provide a significant effect on energy absorption
and many researchers have examined this. However, no research has been found that examines the
relationship of wave height, shape and diameter of buoy diameter to wave energy absorption based
on ocean characteristics in the Indonesian Archipelago. Therefore researchers interested in
researching about the case. The assumption in this research is that variations in wave height based
on Indonesian sea characteristics can provide basic information in designing a Floating Wave Energy
Converter (WEC) appropriately. The theoretical approach used is the Strip Theory Method. The
results of this study are that wave height does not have a significant effect on the absorption
efficiency of buoys, but it does have a significant effect on the amount of energy absorbed from the
potential wave energy available and the suitability of diameter size with wave height will provide
optimal energy absorption efficiency.
Page | 28
The 8th JCREN 2019
[RE-13] Axial Fan Performance using Variation of Number of Blades in

Flow Direction
Luther Sule1, Andi Amijoyo Mochtar*1, Jalaluddin1, Rafiuddin Syam1, Aksan Eji1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
*Corresponding author: andijoyo@unhas.ac.id
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the relationship between the power needed by axial fan which
varying the axial fan rotation and the number of steering blade produces the optimal efficiency. The
method used is to provide variations in axial fan rotation and variation in a number of steering
blades 0 (without using directing blades), 4 (four), 8 (eight), and 12 (twelve). The results showed the
power needed by axial fan will increase along with the increase the rotation on axial fan. Vary
number of steering blades is also affect the rotation of axial fan. The best result of efficiency of
60.1% is obtained on the number of steering blades 12 (twelve) using an axial fan rotation of 7791
rpm.
[RE-14] Design and Development of Crossflow Turbine for Low Head

Application
Abdul Muis*1, Muhammad Sadat Hamzah1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tadulako University
*Corresponding author: amuis19@gmail.com
Abstract
Crossflow turbine is one of the quite popular hydraulic turbines, it is offering the simplicity
in design and manufacturing process and also suitable for application at the low head water flow.
Indonesia, as the tropical country has a lot of potential low head water flow and normally available
at all around the country. Application of the crossflow turbine will accelerate penetration of the
green and environmentally friendly of the energy resources. Therefore, the availability of the low
head crossflow hydraulic turbine with high performance will be one of the effective and valuable
solutions in providing electricity for the community, especially for the regions that still have no
access to the national electricity provider. This research focus on developing the design of a high-
performance crossflow turbine that can be applied on three meters of water head. The design of
turbine considers the ease of obtaining construction materials, the simplicity of manufacturing or
fabrication and the lowest level of the maintenance and repairs technology required. The developed
design turbine has 90 % of efficiency at the design speed of 250 rpm. Turbine runner will be
fabricated from four inch of steel pipe to minimize obstacles in fabrications and repairs including
the materials resources.
Page | 29
The 8th JCREN 2019
[RE-15] Low Sun Spectrum on Simulation of a Thin Film Photovoltaic,

Heat Absorber and Thermoelectric Generator System
Mustofa*1, Basri1, Hasan Basri1, Irwan Mahmudi2, Jumiyatun2, Hariyanto3, Zuryati
Djafar4, Wahyu H. Piarah4
2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Tadulako University, Palu
3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Musamus University, Merauke
4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Makassar
*Corresponding author: mustofauntad@gmail.com
Abstract
The research presents the simulation results with Matlab on combining of a type of thin film
photovoltaic module (a-Si), a copper plate heat absorber with thermoelectric generators (TEG)
utilizing the standard low-sun spectrum AM1.5G at 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09 and 0.1 Sun as a
source of radiation. Amorphous silicon is a type of thin-film solar cell that is more suitable for indoor
use, so that by using a source of low-intensity light radiation from the sun will still generate
electrical energy conversion. Spectrum splitting is used as a cold mirror which reflects the
spectrum of light to the a-Si module in the form of photon energy, while transmitting to the TEG
module the spectrum of near-infrared light radiation in the form of heat. On the hot side of the
TEG, a copper plate was placed to accommodate the heat from light radiation to increase convection
heat transfer and temperature differences between hot and cold side of the TEG. The simulation
results show that the highest efficiency of a-Si module is 3.46% achieved at the lowest spectrum
of 0.05 Sun, vice versa TEG is at the highest spectrum at 0.1 Sun and 10.05% its efficiency. This
low sun spectrum will be a milestone in the utilization of bulb radiation energy in general
domestic needs.
[RE-16] Performance analysis of flexible solar panels on electric

motorcycles with flat and curved mounting positions
Azwar Hayat *, Rafiuddin Syam, Ilham, Yasser Ridha Muslim
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hasanuddin University
*Corresponding author: azwar.hayat@unhas.ac.id
Abstract
Electric motorbikes have started to be sold commercially. In line with that, we tried
adding solar cells to the top of an electric motorcycle as a backup power supply when driving. This
study aims to analyze the differences in the output power of flexible solar cells mounted horizontally
and curved. The effect of light intensity, panel position, and surface temperature of the solar panel
on the performance of the solar panel ware analyzed. We found that for the flat position, the highest
output power of 17.03W was obtained at light intensity of 1207.33 W/m2 at 12 o'clock at noon and
the lowest was 12.12W with a light intensity of 779.33 W/m2 at 15 o'clock. For the curved position,
the highest output power of 16.69 W is obtained at light intensity 1213.11 W/m2 at 12 o'clock and
the lowest is obtained at 11.36 W with a light intensity of 801.22 W/m2 at 15 o'clock. It can be
concluded that laying the flat position is able to provide greater output power compared to the
curved position.
Page | 30
The 8th JCREN 2019
[RE-17] The Efficiency of Steel Plate Biomass Briquette Stove with

Variation of Aluminum Cylinder Diameter
Sallolo Suluh1,2, Abd Rauf Musadat1, Zuryati Djafar*1, Novriany Amaliyah1, and
Wahyu H. Piarah1
1 Mechanical Engineering Department, Universitas Hasanuddin, Gowa, Indonesia, 92171
2 Mechanical Engineering Department, Universitas Kristen Indonesia Toraja, 91817
*Correspondence author: zuryatidjafar@unhas.ac.id
Abstract
Aluminum has been known with the properties of lightweight and not easily corroded. It also
has good thermal conductivity property. This reason motivates authors to modify the combustion
chamber of the briquette stove with the addition of an aluminum cylinder to increase the stove
performance. This research examines the thermal efficiency of biomass briquette stove using
candlenut charcoal briquettes by providing 5 variations of aluminum cylinder diameter inside the
stove combustion chamber shell. The cylinder diameter varies from 140, 150, 160, 170 and 180 mm
to observe the comparative thermal efficiency and combustion temperature character. The briquette
stove material was made of steel and the cylinder material added inside combustion chamber was
made of Aluminum. The form of briquette used is the shape of a wasp nest. The results show that
aluminum sleeve diameter of the 140 mm with candlenut shell briquettes has an optimum thermal
efficiency of 28.9% with input power and output power of 0.40 kW, 1.40 kW respectively.
Page | 31
The 8th JCREN 2019
[NA-1] Sintering of Copper Nanoparticles Synthesized by Pulsed Discharge

Method in Methanol
Riku Yamada1, Shinobu Mukasa*1, Ryota Kikuchi1, Koichiroh Sakai1, Shinfuku
Nomura1
1 Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Japan
*Corresponding author: mukasa.shinobu.me@ehime-u.ac.jp
Abstract
Copper nanoparticles are promising material for printed electronics. In order to synthesize
copper nanoparticles, high-voltage pulse discharges were generated between underwater two copper
wires. In the past research, the synthesis was carried out in methanol, and the copper
nanoparticles of approximately 10 nm in size were synthesized successfully. The particles were
dispersed and covered with carbon films. In this study, the synthesized particles were sintered on a
glass plate in an electric furnace. The atmospheric gas was air and methanol vapor. When the
temperature in the furnace was 200 to 300°C and the sintering time was 60 s, the proportion of
Cu2O in the sintered substance increased with the temperature. When the temperature was 300°C
and the sintering time was changed 60 s, 300 s and 1800 s, the proportion of oxidation gradually
increased with the sintering time. Moreover, when the sintering time was 1800 s, the sintered
materials became CuO. When the temperature was 300°C, the carbon films which covered the
particles before the sintering was not confirmed visually at 60 or more seconds. The particles
were aggregated three-dimensionally at 60 s, and granular surfaces of the aggregates was no longer
confirmed at 1800 s.
[NA-2] Synthesis and Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes Derived from

Eucalyptus Oil for the Removal of Amoxicillin from Aqueous Solution
Joshua S. Aldave1, Celine Joy A. Cruz1, Lennard A. Felipe1, Florencio D. De los
Reyes1, Chosel P. Lawagon2, Patcharaporn Srisrattha2, and Tawatchai
Charinpanitkul*2,3
1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Santo
Tomas, España, Manila, Philippines
2 Center of Excellence in Particle Technology and Material Processing, Department of
Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
3 Research Network of NANOTEC-KU on Nanocatalyst and Nanomaterials for
Sustainable Energy and Environment, Bangkok, Thailand
* Corresponding author: ctawat@chula.ac.th
Abstract
Synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) from eucalyptus oil and its application
in the adsorption of amoxicillin (AMX) were examined experimentally. Catalytic chemical
vapor deposition of eucalyptus oil with the presence of ferrocene as catalyst was conducted
at a temperature of 800oC and oil-to-ferrocene molar ratio of 4:3. Highly crystalline MWCNTs
with uniform average diameters of 54.20 nm were confirmed after successful purification of
MWCNTs via sonochemical treatment using hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide in
an ultrasonicator, resulting in fewer content of amorphous carbon. For comparison, both
synthesized and purified MWCNTs were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy
(SEM) and Raman spectroscopy (RS). The kinetics and isotherms of AMX’s adsorption into the
purified CNTs were studied by varying contact time (0.5 – 36 hours) and concentration (10–160
ppm), respectively. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy was used to determine the
concentration of the AMX for determining adsorption efficiency. It was determined that the AMX’s
adsorption was Langmuir-type and followed pseudo-first-order rate model with maximum
equilibrium adsorption capacity (qmax) of 22.32 mg AMX g-1 MWCNT. These results verified that
the purified MWCNTs were a suitable candidate for antibiotic’s removal from aqueous solutions.
Page | 32
The 8th JCREN 2019
[NA-3] Cobalt nanocluster intercalated on layered double hydroxide (LDH):

Control of cluster size and effect on its catalytic activity for sodium
borohydride (NaBH4) hydrolysis
Aishah Mahpudz*1, Lim Siu Ling2, Hitoshi Inokawa3, Katsuki Kusakabe1 and Ryuichi
Tomoshige1
1 Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda,
Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,
32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
3 Department of nanoscience, Faculty of Engineering, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku,
Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
*Corresponding author: aishah.mahpudz@gmail.com
Abstract
Synthesis of metal nanoclusters with diameters smaller than 5nm is challenging while
overcoming the particle agglomeration issue. However, they are desirable because of the unique
size-dependent physicochemical properties. Herein, cobalt nanocluster (Co-NC) was successfully
intercalated on magnesium-aluminum layered double hydroxide (Mg/Al-LDH) by anion exchange
followed by chemical reduction. Size of the Co-NC was controlled by changing the concentration of
cobalt-citrate (Co-citrate) precursor during anion exchange. XRD showed that Co-citrate anion was
successfully intercalated in the LDH interlayer while TEM/STEM observation and nitrogen
adsorption/desorption isotherms confirmed that Co-NC and mesopores were formed after chemical
reduction. Additionally, it was verified by TEM/STEM observations that reducing the concentration
of Co-citrate from 4mM to 0.5mM resulted in a reduction in the size of Co-NC from 4.4 to 1.3 nm.
Catalytic activity of Co-NC- LDH was evaluated by NaBH4 hydrolysis generating hydrogen at 25
°C. The result showed that catalytic activity decreased as the size of Co-NC decreases. It can be
considered that smaller Co-NC-LDH has smaller interlamellar space which limits diffusion of
reactant/product to/from the Co active site compared to bigger Co-NC-LDH. Overall, Co-NC-
LDH is a promising catalyst for NaBH4 hydrolysis. However, an optimum Co-NC size is critical for
enhanced catalytic activity.
[NA-4] Effect of Temperature To Electroless Nickel Plating On Multiwalled

Carbon Nanotubes
Phanatchakorn Mala1, Chosel P. Lawagon 1, Tawatchai Charinpanitkul1,2*
1 Center of Excellence in Particle Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
2 Research Network of NANOTEC-KU on Nanocatalyst and Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy
and Environment, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
*Corresponding author: ctawat@chula.ac.th
Abstract
Electroless plating is a facile method of uniformly dispersing coating on a surface involving
several simultaneous reactions in an aqueous solution. Herein, nickel (Ni) was deposited on
multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) by electroless plating. MWCNT’s surface was treated
with H2O2 (1:50 wt. ratio) at 60oC for 2h to improve its dispersibility in aqueous solution. It was
then further sensitized and activated to make it an autocatalytic substrate. Sensitization and
activation were done by immersing MWCNTs in 0.1MSnCl2–0.1MHCl for 30 minutes, followed by
rinsing in deionized (DI) water and further immersion (30 min.) in 0.0014MPdCl2–0.25MHCl.
Samples were rinsed with DI water and dried at 80o C. Temperature (30 – 60oC) were varied
during the process to investigate its effect on the compositional and structural changes in the
multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Thickness of the deposit, uniformity of coating, and the
morphology of the Ni-MWCNT composite were evaluated utilizing TEM and SEM-EDX. Actual
%Ni content was also determined by elemental analysis. Structural stability and integrity of Ni-
MWCNT were also verified using Raman and XRD analysis.
Page | 33
The 8th JCREN 2019
[NA-5] Synthesis and Characterization of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

from Turpentine oil using Chemical Vapor Deposition with Ferrocene
Karina Irene Valeriano1, Darlene Atienza1, Dan Erson Talplacido1, Rose Ann
Tamolang*1, Chosel P. Lawagon2, and Tawatchai Charinpanitkul2,3
1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Univ. of Santo Tomas, Philippines.
Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
3 Research Network of NANOTEC-KU on Nanocatalyst and Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy
and Environment, Bangkok, Thailand
*Corresponding author: rztamolang@ust.edu.ph
Abstract
Cheap and abundantly available turpentine oil was used as a renewable
carbonbasedprecursor in synthesizing carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The potential for mass production
of multi-walled CNTs was investigated experimentally using catalytic chemical vapor deposition
method with the presence of ferrocene as catalyst. Optimal conditions for the synthesis of CNT
were determined by varying reaction temperature (800 – 900oC) and precursor-to-ferrocene molar
ratio (1:1, 4:3 and 2:1). Morphological characteristics, structural identity and integrity of the
produce CNTs were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size distribution
(PSD), Raman spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). It was found that the average
particle diameter of the CNTs becomes bigger as the reaction temperature was increased. Based on
microscopic analyses, CNTs synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850 oC exhibited more
uniform and thinner tubular structure as well as higher crystallinity based on Raman spectroscopic
analyses. In addition, the precursor-to-ferrocene molar ratio of 4:3 could provide a substantial yield
of the synthesized product, which would be promising for the large scale production.
[NA-6] Identifiyng the Calcareous Nannofossils From Tonasa Limestone

Karama Section Jeneponto Area South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Meutia Farida*1, Ilham Alimuddin1, Asri Jaya1, Lily Fauzielly2, Jimmi Nugraha3
1 Geological Engineering Department, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
2 Faculty of Geology Padjajaran University
3 Indonesia Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics
*Corresponding author: meutia.nugraha@gmail.com
Abstract
It is interesting to reveal how the limestone at Jeneponto was developed, the age,
depositional environment and stratigraphic position in the Tonasa Formation. The distribution of
litology is quite extensive in the form of spots and are only found along the southwest of the
southern arm of Sulawesi. This phenomena show that there were similarities in paleoceanographic
condition in the past as in Barru area accordingly limestone could also developed in this area.This
research was conducted in Karama area where the Tonasa limestone was well exposed, sothat
data collection using the measuring section method could be carried out. A total of 16 samples were
prepared by the smear slide method and then identified calcareous nannofossils under a
polarizing microscope at 1000 x magnification. We want to focus on describing nannofosil at
each layer, determining the age and finally composing the biostratigraphic zonation of the
Karama traverse.Nannofossil investigation results from the bottom to the top of section found
nannofosil assemblages are Sphenolithus distentus, Distyococcites bisectus, Zygrhablithus
bijugatus, Phontosphaera enormis, Cyclicarg, olithus abisectus, Sphenolithus predistentus,
Discoaster saipanensis, Spenolithus pseudoradians.
Page | 34
The 8th JCREN 2019
[GI-1] Synthesis and properties of sequence-controlled copolyesters

composed of glycolic acid, 1,4-butanediol and dicarboxylic acid
Keitaro Fukumoto1, Ryo Tanaka1, Yuushou Nakayama*1, Takeshi Shiono1, Norioki
Kawasaki2, Naoko Yamano2, Atsuyoshi Nakayama2
1 Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate school of Engineering, Hiroshima
University
2 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
*Corresponding author: yuushou@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
Abstract
A series of new sequence-controlled copolyesters composed of glycolic acid, 1,4 butanediol,
and dicarboxylic acid units was synthesized. For this purpose, 1,4-butylene diglycolate was prepared
by the reaction of 1,4-dibromobutane and potassium glycolate. Polycondensation of 1,4-butylene
diglycolate and dicarboxylic acid chlorides produced the copolyesters. Terephthalic acid, isophthalic
acid, succinic acid, and adipic acid were used as the dicarboxylic acid unit. The effect of the
structures of diol units and dicarboxylic acid units on the polymer properties were investigated. The
number of carbon atoms in the diol unit has a major effect on the polymer properties. For the
copolyesters with terephthalic acid unit, the melting points of the copolyesters containing 1,4-
butanediol or 1,2-ethanediol units were higher than that of the copolyester containing 1,3-
propanediol unit. The glass-transition temperatures of the copolyesters decreased as the carbon
number of the diol component increased.
[GI-2] Characteristics of ultrafine bubbles in alkaline aqueous solution

Kawai Kentarou*1, Shinfuku Nomura1, Junichi Nakajima2
1 Ehime University
2 Environmental and Energy Technology Laboratory Co., Ltd.
*Corresponding author: f840007b@mails.cc.ehime-u.ac.jp
Abstract
Ultrafine bubbles (UFBs) have become better understood than ever before, such as that they
exist in a liquid for a very long time, they are charged, and their interior is in an ultra-high pressure
state. When these bubbles are present in a liquid, reactivity is improved by air oxidation, catalytic
hydrogenation, and photo-oxidation in comparison with normal bubbles. In this study, UFBs were
added to a NaOH solution in order to measure their effect on ion concentration. When UFBs are
added, hydroxide ions are adsorbed on the UFB surfaces, which reduces the concentration of
hydroxide ions in the aqueous solution. If the type of ions adsorbed around the UFB can be controlled
selectively, chemical reactions can be promoted and catalytic effects can be expected. The size and
concentration of UFB were also quantified from 10 nm to 500 nm using the nanoparticle Brownian
motion tracking method. It was clarified that even after boiling the UFB infused water, a
considerable number of UFBs remained in the liquid.
Page | 35
The 8th JCREN 2019
[GI-3] Methylene blue decomposition by various in-liquid plasma methods

Kazuki Tange*1, Shinfuku Nomura1, Junichi Nakajima1,2
1 Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University
2 Environmental and Energy Technology Laboratory Co., Ltd.
* Corresponding author: e861001a@mails.cc.ehime-u.ac.jp
Abstract
At present, the two major waste water treatment methods are biological treatment and
coagulation sedimentation treatment. However, the wastewater discharged from dyeing factories
cannot be treated adequately because it contains persistent organic substances. The purpose of this
study was to treat dye wastewater with plasma under atmospheric pressure. The processing
characteristics in decolorization were investigated using methylene blue solution as a model for dye
wastewater. It was revealed that methylene blue solution can be decolorized by plasma treatment,
and the conversion rate correlates with the concentration of methylene blue. The discharge method
and liquid temperature affect the conversion of methylene blue, and the conversion rate and energy
efficiency were compared for each condition. It was shown that the flow-type plasma that takes in air
from the side of the reaction vessel can treat methylene blue most efficiently and can be operated
stably for a long time. This process may eventually be used to treat the dye wastewater discharged
from actual dye factories.
[GI-4] Ring-opening Polymerization of Macrocyclic Oligocarbonates with

Phosphazene Superbase
Haobo Yuan*1, Ryo Tanaka1, Yuushou Nakayama1, Takeshi Shiono1
1 Department of applied chemistry, Hiroshima University
* Corresponding author: d172178@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
Abstract
The ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of small and medium ring-size lactones are much
easier than macrocyclic lactones, and the ROP of the latter is driven mainly by entropy, owing to
their associated low ring-strains. Although both organometallic and organic catalysts can achieve
the ROP of lactones and cyclic carbonates, the biotoxicity of the metal residue could become a
problem when organometallic catalysts were used for the ROP of lactones and cyclic carbonates. The
ROPs of large ring-size lactones (e.g. ω-pentadecalactone) were achieved using t-BuP4 to produce a
polymer with high molecular weight and conversion. On the other hand, the ROPs of macrocyclic
oligocarbonates such as cyclobis(decamethylene carbonate) [(DMC)2] and cyclobis(pentamethylene
carbonate) [(PMC)2] have not been achieved yet. In this study, the ring-opening polymerization of
those macrocyclic oligocarbonates was investigated using phosphazene superbase t-BuP4. As a
result, t-BuP4 shared high activity for the ROP of macrocyclic oligocarbonates and produced
polycarbonates with high molecular weights and narrow PDIs.
Page | 36
The 8th JCREN 2019
[GI-5] Preparation of Graphene-Based Conductive Ink From Spent Zinc-

Carbon Batteries
Ramiro Emerson Amon*1, Christian Lawagon1, Keenan Jake Segamata1, France
Joshua Barrientos1, Ronnel Esparagoza1, Esther Consuelo Tan2, and Chosel Lawagon*3
1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mindanao, Davao
City 8000, Philippines
2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mindanao
3 Professional School, University of Mindanao, Davao City 8000, Philippines
*Corresponding author: ramiro_amon@umindanao.edu.ph, chosellawagon@gmail.com
Abstract
Demands for batteries has been increasing globally each year. This results in an enormous
number of waste batteries, especially non-rechargeable types. If it is improperly disposed, it can
pose severe environmental and health hazards. The consumers are generally not aware of how it
should be handled worsening its risks. Hence, determining a more valuable alternative usage is a
sustainable solution. In this study, graphite rods from the waste primary (zinc-carbon) batteries
were utilized to produce conductive ink. Graphite rods were systematically removed from the spent
batteries, cleaned with acetone to remove plastic coating, and dried. It was then electrochemically
exfoliated applying 10 V and 2 A while submerged in an H2SO4 solution (0.1M). The resulting
powders were filtered, rinsed with distilled water until neutral pH, and oven-dried (80 oC). These
were then dispersed in silver-ammonia solution and hydrothermally reacted at 150 oC for 5h.
Sodium silicate solution was used as dispersing medium for the graphene powder producing
conductive ink. The inks demonstrated to have good surface adhesivity, very low resistivity
(<30μΩ∙m) and maintaining this even after 500 bending cycles. In addition, Ag@graphene powder’s
morphology, surface characteristics and physicochemical properties have been evaluated using
XRD, Raman, FE-SEM, TEM, and BET.
[GI-6] Preparation of sulfonated graphene oxide from petrochemical

waste oil
Chosel lawagon1,2, Giang Le1, Jamekorn Panichpol1, Kantapong Arunaditya1,
Tawatchai Charinpanitkul1,3,*
Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
2 Professional Schools, University of Mindanao, Davao 8000, Philippines
3 Research Network of NANOTEC-KU on Nanocatalyst and Nanomaterials for
Sustainable Energy and Environment, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
* Corresponding author: ctawat@chula.ac.th
Abstract
Petrochemical waste oils (PWO) are a concern to the industry and the environment
because of its hazardous property and treatment is costly, complex, and unsustainable. An
alternative re-utilization of PWO for the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials such as graphene offers
an attractive solution in its handling. Herein, PWO was used as a precursor to synthesize a highly
porous sheet-like structure of sulfonated graphene oxide (sGO). PWO was carbonized and
graphitized prior to its utilization for graphene oxide (GO) synthesis. The as prepared GO has a
sheet-like morphology and was maintained even after sulfonation. The functionalization process
simultaneously grafted SO3H (2.36 mmol g-1) and reduced the GO while increasing the surface area
from 181.13 to 239.05 m2 g1. Consequently, this study provides an important insight towards a
sustainable pathway for upcycling of PWO into a valuable nanomaterial.
Page | 37
The 8th JCREN 2019
[GI-7] Utilization of coconut husk wastes as adsorbent material for the

removal of Ibuprofen: Kinetic studies and mechanisms
Francheska Therese Teñoso1, Jennelle Andre Javier1, Krizia Mharee Poja1, Divine
Angela Sumalinog1, Jenyuk Lohwacharin2
1 University of Santo Tomas, Philippines
2 Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
*Corresponding author: cheska.belamide@gmail.com
Abstract
The adsorption performance of coconut husk biochar (CHBC) for the removal of ibuprofen
(IBP) was investigated in this research. Kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamic studies were
evaluated to determine the adsorption mechanisms of IBP onto CHBC. Experimental data best
fitted on Lagergren’s pseudo-second order model (R2=0.9895) which indicates that chemisorption is
the rate-controlling mechanism in the adsorption of IBP on CHBC. Analysis using Fourier-
transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) determined the functional groups (i.e. –OH, –COOH and
–CH3) which governed the chemical adsorption of IBP to CHBC. Moreover, it was found that
monolayer and multilayer adsorption are both exhibited in the system as shown by good fitting of
the isotherm data on both the Langmuir (R2=0.9857) and Freundlich (R2=0.9879) isotherm models.
The thermodynamic parameters calculated exhibited that the adsorption process is exothermic
(ΔH˚=-34470 kJ/mol) and spontaneous (ΔG˚=-4249.05–-6294.52 kJ/mol). The negative ΔS˚ value
(-92.036 kJ/mol-K) suggested that the IBP uptake slows down when the adsorption temperature is
increased. This is further proven by the more negative values of ΔG˚ at lower temperatures. In
conclusion, the use of CHBC for the removal of IBP shows a significant potential for a cheaper
alternative adsorbent which opens a value-adding pathway for agricultural coconut husk waste.
[GI-8] The Effect of Width Scaling on Flexural Behavior of CFRP

Laminates
Hairul Arsyad* and Sudarsono
Mechanical Engineering Department Engineering Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia
*Corresponding author: arsyadhairul@yahoo.com
Abstract
The effects of width scaling on the flexural response under three-point flexural test of CFRP
composite laminates were investigated. The CFRP composite was consisted of unidirectional ply and
arranged in the sequence [+45/0/-45/+90/+90/-45/0/+45]. The CFRP specimen was carbon fiber-epoxy
T700S/2592. The width of specimen was prepared in 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, and 20 mm. The length
of specimen was 50 mm with span length of the flexural test was 30 mm. The effect of width scaling
was focused on flexural stress behavior and the failure behavior of the laminates was also studied.
The result shows that flexural stress and strain has relatively same curve pattern. However, the
flexural stress shows some of drop stress to failure for each width of the CFRP specimen. By
reducing specimen width, the increases of data scattering on maximum flexural stress were
observed. That probably indicates a width scaling effect. The characteristic of failure shows a
similarity in fracture behavior for each specimen that shows fiber breaks, matrix crack, crater and
also delamination
Page | 38
The 8th JCREN 2019
[GI-9] Development of photoelectron yield spectrometer and measure

electronic structure of photochromic materials
Yutaro Suzuki1, Shuhei Inoue*1, Yukihiko Matsumura1
1 Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University
1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
* Corresponding author: shu18@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
Abstract
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS)
are usually employed as methods for measuring their electronic structures. However, their methods
can only be measured in high vacuum. Photoelectron yield spectroscopy (PYS) can be used when
measuring in the atmosphere. PYS applies the photoelectric effect. We irradiate monochromatic
light and scan its wavelength; then, photocurrent is detected at a specific wavelength that is called
work function for metallic substances and called ionization potential for semiconductors. In this
study, we developed a photoelectron yield spectrometer that can measure in non-vacuum and in the
atmosphere and measured the work function of samples and evaluated the measurement accuracy of
the developed device. A xenon lamp (150 W) was used as the light source and the light was collected
by a biconvex lens and lead into a monochromator. Monochromatic light was mildly focused on the
sample by a biconvex lens. The photocurrent emitted from the sample was measured with a femto-
ammeter while applying a voltage of 600 V. Au, Al, ITO (surface untreated) and ITO (surface treated
by plasma cleaner) were used as samples. As for the work function of Au, we measured five times,
and the standard deviation was 0.23eV
[GI-10] One-step ammonia synthesis under by in-liquid plasma ordinary

temperature and pressure
Kosuke Okamoto*1, Ryoya Shiraishi1, Shinfuku Nomura1, Hiromichi Toyota1, Shota
Shimokawa1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ehime University
* Corresponding author: g840014x@mails.cc.ehime-u.ac.jp
Abstract
In this study, we researched an in-liquid plasma process for one-step ammonia synthesis
from a liquid and a gas under ordinary temperature and pressure. Currently, industrial ammonia
synthesis is conducted by the massive Haber-Bosch process, which is conducted under high-
temperature and high-pressure conditions with a catalyst and emits a large amount of CO2. The
separation and transportation process of pure hydrogen and pure nitrogen is also a cause of CO2
emissions. On the other hand, in- liquid plasma generates a chemically active reaction field under
ordinary temperature and pressure conditions. Using this technique, we have attempted ammonia
synthesis by generating pure nitrogen plasma or air plasma in a liquid. Our results show milligram
order ammonia synthesized in 4 minutes. Ammonia could be synthesized even when the nitrogen
source is air. It was also found that the amount of ammonia synthesized depends on the kind of
liquid. In this experiment, N, H, O, and C are the reactive elements, and the ammonia synthesis
amount greatly depends on the hydrogen production rate and the ratio of C and O. The higher
hydrogen production rate the better. A one to one ration of C and O was found to be the optimal
condition.
Page | 39
The 8th JCREN 2019
[GI-11] Development of poly(butylene furanoate)-based cationic ionomers

Takumi Harada1, Yuushou Nakayama1, Ryo Tanaka1, Takeshi Shiono1, Norioki
Kawasaki2, Naoko Yamano2, and Atsuyoshi Nakayama2
1 Hiroshima University, Japan
2 Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
*Corresponding author: m180689@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
Abstract
2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is a renewable chemical feedstock, which can be used as
a raw material for polyesters such as poly(butylene furanoate) (PBF) as an alternative for
poly(butylene terephthalate). On the other hand, physical properties of polymers can be improved
by the introduction of a small amount of ionic groups into the polymer backbone to form physically
bridged structure with ionic bonding, those polymers are called ionomers. In this work, we studied
the introduction of ionic groups into PBF backbone to form PBF-based ionomers. Although aromatic
polyesters are typically synthesized by polycondensation, it requires a long reaction time and high
temperature to reach high molecular weight of the resulting polymer. We selected ring-opening
polymerization (ROP) of cyclic oligoesters as the synthetic method of copolyesters under mild
conditions to produce high molecular weight polymers. Condensation of FDCA with 1,4-butanediol
or N-methyldiethanolamine gave cyclic oligoesters, and their ring-opening copolymerization was
examined to produce PBF-based copolymers containing tertiary amine groups. Then, we attempted
to ionize the tertiary amine groups in the copolymers to synthesize PBF-based ionomers.
[GI-12] Application of DCDC Boost Converter in the Utilization of Heat

and Cold Temperatures Conversion Using Thermoelectric Generator and
PID Controller
Jumiyatun*1, Baso Mukhlis1, Agustinus Kali1, Ikhwal Syukur1, Mustofa2
* Corresponding author: jum.elektro@gmail.com
Abstract
The difference between hot and cold temperatures can be converted into electricity
using thermoelectric generators (TEGs). This study uses 6 TEGs modules which are suitable for
micro-scale power plants for housing or areas that are still difficult to access the electricity grid.
The results of the conversion of low heat and cold temperatures will be increased using the DCDC
boost converter with the aim of being able to turn on the 24-Volt DC lamp load. The resulting
voltage tends to be unstable so that the right method is needed to adjust the boost converter. The
control used is the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control which is expected to improve its
performance. The input voltage is set to 12 Volt, while the desired output is 24 Volt, in fact the
voltage is up and down 24.5 Volt and still has an error of 0.5 Volt. While the temperature boost
converter will start working if the temperature difference interval received by the TEGs are more
than 100 hot temperature and cold temperature is less than 40oC. The results showed that the
efficiency of the power produced was still not optimal. This is because the temperature set has
not reached the maximum characteristics of the thermoelectric component and a more maximum
design is needed for the cooler, so that efficiency can be improved. Variation of control methods is
needed to get the comparison results that regulate the boost converter output, so as to overcome
the load variation.
Page | 40
The 8th JCREN 2019
[GI-13] Synthesis of Thermoplastic Elastomers using 2-Methyl-1,3-

propanediol, Succinic Acid and Lactide
Lamya Zahir, Ryo Tanaka, Yuushou Nakayama, and Takeshi Shiono
Hiroshima University
*Corresponding author: lamya.tex@gmail.com
Abstract
Triblock copolymers, poly(L-lactide)-b-poly(2-methyl-1,3- propanediyl succinate)-b-poly(L-
lactide)s (PLA-b-PMPS-b-PLA), were synthesized as new potentially biodegradable thermoplastic
elastomers by two-step polymerization using stannous octoate as a catalyst. In the first step,
hydroxy-telechelic PMPS was synthesized from 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (MP, small excess) and
succinic acid using two-stage reaction of esterification and simple polycondensation processes. MP is
an inherently biodegradable diol and can be used to keep transparency, weatherability and long
stability of polymer materials. Succinic acid, derived from biomass, can be used as a safe flavouring
agent in food and beverage industries and as precursor in polyester synthesis. In the second step,
plant derived L-lactide (LA) was polymerized using the bifunctional PMPS as a macroinitiator to
synthesize PLA-b-PMPS-b-PLA triblock copolymers. The effects of lactide, macroinitiator feed ratio,
polymerization time and temperature on the copolymerization were studied. The structures and
physical properties of the triblock copolymers as well as the PMPS macroinitiator were investigated
via 1H NMR, GPC, MALDI-TOF MS, DSC, TGA and tensile tests. The copolymer compositions
directly affect their melting temperatures (Tm), glass transition temperatures (Tg) and elastic
properties.
[GI-14] Analysis of Crashworthiness and Optimization of Bi-

Tubular Thin-walled Structures
Muh.Farid Hidayat 1 , Ilyas Renreng 1, Fauzan Djamaluddin*1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hasanuddin University
*Corresponding author: fauzanman_77@yahoo.com
Abstract
This paper presents the performance of crashworthiness on multiple section bi- tubular
thin-walled structures. The material of these models was from aluminum AA6064 and the
structure consists of an outer tube and an inner tube with any one of various shapes such as
triangle, square, hexagon, and octagon. The effect of different cross section of tube under dynamic
axial impact is studied. As a result, the energy absorption capacity of various inner tubes was
compared and it shows that octagonal inner tube has the better performance of crashworthiness
than other inner tubes. Therefore, to get the optimal parameters, the Non Surrogate Genetic
Algorithm II (NSGA II) focuses on achieving the maximum specific energy absorption (SEA) and
the minimum peak crushing force (PCF). During the process of multi objective optimization design,
it was found to be accurate enough for engineering design of structures with inner tube by
octagon.
Page | 41
The 8th JCREN 2019
[GI-15] Comparative Experimental Power Measurements of Red Soil

Battery with H2SO4, NaCl, and NaOH Additive Solutions
Sutami Suparmin*1, Muhammad Zakir2, Irwan Ridwan Rahim1, Faizal Arya
Samman*3,
1Environmental Engineering Department, Hasanuddin University
2Chemistry Department, Hasanuddin University
3Electrical Engineering Department, Hasanuddin University
* Corresponding author: suparmins15d@student.unhas.ac.id1; faizalas@unhas.ac.id3

Abstract
The development of renewable energy sources has been growing recently, including batteries.
Soil battery is a battery that uses soil as an electrolyte media connecting the battery’s electrodes.
This paper presents an experimental result having objective to determine the different power
impacts of adding acids, bases and salts produced by each cell. Every cell is filled using red soil with
one additive electrolyte solution of H2SO4, NaOH or NaCl. The battery electrodes are from basic
material of Cu and Zn. From the experiment, it was found that each cell produces varying energy.
The highest current is produced with 5% of additive H2SO4 solution, i.e. about 46.70 milli Ampere
(mA). While the highest voltage is generated by the battery cell with 10% NaOH additive solutions
i.e. about 1.07 Volt. The maximum average power is produced by the battery cell with 5% NaOH %
concentration, i.e. about 0.33 watt. We concluded that the addition of acidic material (H2SO4) to the
cells tends to increase the current. Whereas base electrolytes (NaOH) trend is produce higher
voltages compared to the other additive solutions.
[GI-16] Influence of operation pressure on heat and mass transfer in

SiO2 thin film coating by thermal CVD
Misaki Honda1, Yuto Yamasaki1, Ken-ichiro Tanoue*1
1Department of Engineering, Yamaguchi University
* Corresponding author: tano@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp
Abstract
In this paper, the growth rate of SiO2 film by oxidation of hexamethyldisiloxane in thermal
chemical vapor deposition was investigated by SiO2 film deposition experiment in a
horizontal tube reactor and numerical analysis at atmospheric condition. The control steps of the
mass transfer were changed from the surface reaction to the diffusion of raw material. By using
the differential reactor model, the reaction rate constant was determined by evaluating the
growth rate distribution for the continuous flow direction in the surface reaction control region. In
the diffusion control step, the apparent diffusion coefficient was obtained by Akiyama’s model.
From these results, it was found that the growth rate distribution was partly reproduced by
numerical simulation of heat and mass transfer using the chemical reactions, except for the
diffusion control step. However, in the diffusion control step, the calculation growth rate was higher
than the experimental one due to the generation of SiO2 powder at the atmospheric condition.
In this study, a SiO2 film deposition by thermal CVD was also investigated experimentally and
numerically under reduced pressure in the reactor.
Page | 42
The 8th JCREN 2019
[GI-17] Variable Frequency Pulse Control Algorithm for Electric Motor

Controller used in Electric Vehicle Applications
Fauziah Hamzah*1, Muhammad Aldian Adiputra Latif2, Faizal Arya Samman*2,
Rhiza S. Sadjad2, Rafiuddin Syam3
1 Politeknik Bosowa, Makassar
2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Hasanuddin
3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Hasanuddin
* Corresponding author: fauziah.hz@gmail.com1, faizalas@unhas.ac.id2
Abstract
Electric vehicles (EV) will be very important transportation equipment in the future. They
will widely replace the combustion-based vehicles, which are not friendly to environment. This
paper will present a small part of an electric vehicle, i.e. an electronic motor controller (EMC) unit,
which is implemented using a microcontroller device. A simple method to drive the electric motor is
presented in this paper that is based on a frequency divider (FD) unit. The FD unit determines the
period or frequency of pulse signals patterns given to an inverter unit. The controller is designed in
such a way that it will be suitable for many types of electric motors used in EVs, e.g. induction
motors, brushless DC (BLDC) motors and permanent magnet synchronous (PMS) motors. Due to that
flexible feature, the proposed EMC can potentially become low cost reliable spare part product for
future electric vehicles. The EMC has been tested directly with a BLDC motor using a simple
variable frequency pulse control algorithm. The motor speed can be controlled well using a
potentiometer as the reference speed.
[GI-18] An FEA on a simplified 3D maxillary first premolar model

suggested the commonly used modulus of elasticity values of the
periodontal ligament may be incorrect.
Phetcharat Dhammayannarangsi1, Chalida Nakalekha Limjeerajarus2,3, Nuttapol
Limjeerajarus*1
1 Research Center for Advanced Energy Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Thai-Nichi Institute of
Technology, Bangkok 10250, Thailand
2 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330,
Thailand
3 Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University,
Bangkok 10330, Thailand
*Corresponding author: nuttapol@tni.ac.th
Abstract
In tooth related numerical simulations, the commonly used values of modulus of elasticity
of human periodontal ligament (EPDL) of the maxillary first premolar were about 0.0689-0.069
GPa, which were 3 orders higher than the EPDL obtained from experiments (0.0000689 GPa). A
previous study concluded that this error was due to a misconduct in unit conversion in 2008. This
study aims to investigate the effect of the different EPDL on deformation and stress distribution over
a simplified 3D maxillary first premolar model via FEA in ANSYS software. The simulation results
revealed that under an average occlusal force of 54.64 N, the experimentally obtained EPDL lead to
an over deformation of the PDL, which is unlikely to occur in reality. On the contrary, the
“incorrect” EPDL did not result in an over deformation. This result indicated that the suggested
EPDL which was obtained from indention tests may not be the actual value as the PDL samples were
tested under shear loads while in practice, the PDL should receive a compressive load from occlusion.
Page | 43
The 8th JCREN 2019
[GI-19] Evaluation of yellow phosphors synthesized by sol-gel method

Shuhei Inoue*, Kento Tobinaga, Yukihiko Matsumura
Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University
141 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
*Corresponding author: shu18@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
Abstract
We synthesized yellow phosphors for white LED light by sol-gel method.
Stoichiometric amount of each materials were mixed into TEOS in acid condition (Ph=0.7). The
solution was kept at 60oC for condensation polymerization, and obtained sol was dried for gelation
at 80o C; then, we obtained xerogel. We pulverized and baked in the air at atmospheric pressure.
Finally, the powder was reduced in Ar/H2 (H2:5%) atmosphere. Emission attributed to 4f-5d is
broad in wavelength and attributed to 4f-f4 is sharp owing to electronic structure. In this study, we
employed Li2SrSiO4 as a host lattice and europium and holmium were doped in order to obtain
high quality light. As for this sample, emission from europium is broad and from holmium is sharp.
Consequently, holmium addition affected the emission from europium and we could obtain high
quality light, which indicated the color was quite near to black body radiation, by adjusting the mixing
ratio. As for the evaluation of the color quality, we evaluated on uv space defined by CIE 1960UCS
[GI-20] Semiconductor TiO2 Coating deposited by Microwave Plasma

Method
Novriany Amaliyah, Azwar Hayat*, M. Alif Prasetyo, Andi Erwin Eka Putra, and
Machmud Syam
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University,
Makassar, Indonesia
*Corresponding author: azwar.hayat@unhas.ac.id
Abstract
Transparent conducting glass is a crucial layer of Dye Synthesized Solar Cell (DSSC), since
it allows sunlight penetrating into the solar cell. DSSC has a low efficiency until semiconductor
Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) was employed as the anode material. TiO2 has a high photosensitivity,
high structure, stability under solar irradiation and in solution, and low cost. In this study TiO2 was
deposited on the conductive glass using microwave plasma method. Plasma was generated using
electromagnetic wave from microwave magnetron. TiO2 powder was dissolved using pure water and
ethanol at different concentration. The coating process was conducted on a 2.5 x 2.5 cm of a
conductive glass, and the effect of plasma generation time was observed at 0.5, 1, 3, and 5 minutes.
The thickness, roughness, and microstructure of TiO2 coating on the conductive glass was observed
using 3D measuring laser OLS4100. The result shows that the fabrication of TiO2 coatings using
microwave plasma is feasible. The concentration of solution and plasma generation time plays an
important role to the thickness, roughness and microstructure of TiO2 coatings. An optimum result
was obtain at plasma generation time of 0.5 minute with 12.49 µm and 3.398 µm of thickness and
roughness respectively using a mixture of 10 g TiO2, 50 ml ethanol and 40 ml H2O solution
Page | 44
The 8th JCREN 2019
[GI-21] Effect of Seawater Immersion on Impact Strength of Composites

Reinforced Ramie Fiber
Zulkifli Djafar*1, Ilhamzah1, Ilyas Renreng1.
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Hasanuddin.
*Corresponding Author: zulkiflidjafar65@gmail.com
Abstract
Composites have absorption properties, namely the ability to absorb water at a specific time.
The nature of absorption is a problem because this can reduce the mechanical strength of
composites. This study aims to determine the effect of seawater immersion on the impact strength
of the composite. The composites used are made of epoxy resin as matrices and ramie fiber as
reinforcement. Variation in the orientation of the fibers is given, i.e., continuous and woven fibers.
Ramie fiber composites are expected to be able to provide consideration for the primary raw
material for shipbuilding so that the composite is carried out on a scale-scale seawater immersion to
determine the effect of immersion on impact strength, and immersion is carried out for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8
and 10 weeks. Impact strength testing refers to the ASTM D 5942-96 standard. The results
obtained show that the impact strength of ramie fiber reinforced composites decreased by 30.76%
and stronger than ramie's woven strength composites which decreased by 17.08%.
[GI-22] Effect of Salinity and Temperature on Corrosion Rate of ST41 and

SS304 Steels in the Seawater Environment
Hamsir*1,2, Onny Sutresman1, Muhammad Syahid1, Hairul Arsyad1
1 Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University Makassar
2 STT Migas Balikpapan
*Corresponding author: hamz.mtins78@gmail.com
Abstract
Corrosion is a serious problem faced by industries located near the coastal environment. The use of
stainless steel and carbon steel is a material that is widely used in the structure of industrial
buildings. In coastal environments, the corrosion rate is very high, influenced by changes in
salinity and temperature. The study was conducted to determine the effect of salinity and
temperature on the corrosion rate of steel ST 41 and SS 304 using three-electrode cell testing. The
salinity used is using 2.7%, 3.1% and 3.5% Nacl solution. The temperature used is 28 oC and 38oC.
The test results show that the greater the temperature and salinity, the level of corrosion will
increase as well. The highest corrosion rate occurred in salinity / Nacl 3.5% with a temperature of
38oC, the ST 41 corrosion rate was 0.1920 mpy and SS 304 steel was 0.1898 mpy.
Page | 45
The 8th JCREN 2019
[GI-23] Optimization of Distributed Generation Placement for Voltage

Drop Minimization in PALAPAS’s Radial Distribution System Using
Genetic Algorithm
Ratih Mar’atus Sholihah*1, Irwan Mahmudi1, Yulius S. Pirade 1, Sari Dewi1, Sitti
Nurada W. 1, Asti Dian P. 1, Mustofa2
* Corresponding author: ratih117@gmail.com
Abstract
The electric system in Palu-Donggala-Parigi-Sigi (PALAPAS) have one main generation
plant have a far radial spread. The distance between plant and the load that is far causes the
receiving voltage on yhe load side is low enough. Various attempts were made to reduce the voltage
drop, one of them was by installing distributed generation (DG). This solution is considered very
high potential in the PALAPAS area because the potential of wind, solar power, ocean wave are
very large. The next thing to consider is the problem of placing DG on the PALAPAS system.
The optimum placement of DG is obtained through an optimization process with Genetic
Algorithm (GA). By optimum placement, it is expected that the resulting voltage will be much
greater with a minimum voltage drop. The voltage on each bus is expected to be in the range of +
10% and -5%.
[GI-24] Computational Analysis of The Application of Active Control on

Vehicle Model with Varied Suction Velocities
Rustan Tarakka*1, Jalaluddin 1, Wawan Rauf1,2
1 Mechanical Engineering Department, Hasanuddin University, Gowa, Indonesia
2 Mechanical Engineering Department, Gorontalo University, Gorontalo, Indonesia
*Corresponding author: rustan_tarakka@yahoo.com
Abstract
In general, vehicles traveling at a certain speed will experience drag as a result of direct
contact between fluids and the surface of the vehicle and will also experience the phenomenon of
the wake due to flow separation. Low pressure that occurs at the rear of the vehicle generate wake
caused by flow separation which in turns will affect vehicle performance. One of the methods that
can be done to reduce drag aerodynamic of vehicles is flow control techniques. In this research, the
test model used is modified Ahmed body treated by altering flow orientation of the original model.
The test model is equipped with five circular holes as active control actuation placed on the upper
side of the back with speeds of 0.5 m/s and 1 m/s respectively. This research was conducted
through a computational approach with the standard k-epsilon turbulence model. CFD simulations
were carried out at three upstream speeds of 13.9 m/s, 16.7 m/s and 19.4 m/s respectively. The
results showed that the use of active control by suction had influences on wake formation, where
the smallest wake formation was obtained on the test model equipped with active control by
suction at a speed of 0.5 m/s. The application of active control by suction also affects aerodynamic
drag, where the greatest drag reduction occurred with the values of 10.9% on the test model with a
suction speed of 0.5 m/s.
Page | 46
The 8th JCREN 2019
[GI-25] Modified Blade Pitch Angle on the Changes Darrieus Turbine

Tangential Speed
Viktus Kolo Koten*1, Syukri Himran2, Nasaruddin Salam2, Luther Sule2
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Atma Jaya, Makassar.
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Makassar.
* Corresponding author: victus_koten@yahoo.com
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to find the blade position on the Darrieus turbine arm (pitch
angle); both blades experience and do not trailing edge shape change. The process of forming wind
tunnel and blade models, the division of elements, and the process of determining the lift and drag
coefficient is carried out on the CFD. The results of the study found that blade that did not trailing
edge shape change had pitch angles of -12.7, -9.7, -9.3, and -9.1o at turbine speeds of 7.5, 15, 22.5,
and 30 m/s respectively. Blade that trailing edge shape change has pitch angles of -13.25, -10.3, -9.9
and -9.6o at turbine speeds of 7.5, 15, 22.5, and 30 m/s respectively.
Page 47

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Department of Mechanical Engineering

Message from Chair of JCREN

In line with Hasanuddin University's commitment to increase international academic

Words for the JCREN2019

Message for JCREN2019 from

(Prof. Tawatchai Charinpanitkul)

The 8th Joint Conference on Renewable Energy and Nanotechnology

November 5-6, 2019

Renewable Energy, Nanotechnology, Chemical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering,

Minato Wakisaka (Kyushu Institute of Technology)

Baharuddin Mire (Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia)

15.45 – 16.00 Pongsert Sriprom, Pornyamon Leephisuth, Arthit Neramittagapong and

Room B (Renewable Energy Session 2)

Room C (Nano Technology Session)

Room D (General and Innovative Technology Session)

Room E (General and Innovative Technology Session)

13.45 – 14.00 Zulkifli Djafar, Ilhamzah Ilhamzah and Ilyas Renreng

Organized and Sponsored by:

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells in the Realm of Future Energy Challenges:

Figure 1: Energetics of various components utilized in the fabrication of DSSCs.

Biodata of Shyam S. Pandey

Synthesis of magnetic carbon nanomaterials and their applications in bio-

Giang Le1, Chosel P. Lawagon1, and Tawatchai Charinpanitkul*1,2

Synthesis of magnetic carbon nanomaterials (MCNs) from industrial-based or biomass-

2. Abundant industrial-based and biomass-based sources

Biomass Utilization as Carbon Source for 2050

3. Results and Discussion

[RE-1] A comparison study on hydrogen production by in-liquid plasma

[RE-2] Effect Of Heating Rate On Supercritical Water Gasification Of Palm

[RE-3] Study on mass transfer of ash in combustion of bamboo

[RE-4] Influence Of Nutrient Concentration On Phosphorus Consumption

[RE-5] Study on thermal and chemical reactions during major

[RE-6] Nitrogen Behavior in Supercritical Water Gasification of Glycine

[RE-7] Characterization of Pyrolysis and Gasification Product of Cashew

[RE-8] Plasma Treatment in-Water Processes of Sugarcane Bagasse

[RE-9] Optimization of Methane Gas using Active Charcoal Purification,

[RE-10] Optimization of lignin conversion by hydrothermal process for

[RE-11] Performance of Bach-type Savonius Wind Turbine with

[RE-12] Study the effect of wave height variations on the absorption

[RE-13] Axial Fan Performance using Variation of Number of Blades in

[RE-14] Design and Development of Crossflow Turbine for Low Head

[RE-15] Low Sun Spectrum on Simulation of a Thin Film Photovoltaic,

[RE-16] Performance analysis of flexible solar panels on electric

[RE-17] The Efficiency of Steel Plate Biomass Briquette Stove with

[NA-1] Sintering of Copper Nanoparticles Synthesized by Pulsed Discharge

[NA-2] Synthesis and Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes Derived from

[NA-3] Cobalt nanocluster intercalated on layered double hydroxide (LDH):

[NA-4] Effect of Temperature To Electroless Nickel Plating On Multiwalled

[NA-5] Synthesis and Characterization of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

[NA-6] Identifiyng the Calcareous Nannofossils From Tonasa Limestone

[GI-1] Synthesis and properties of sequence-controlled copolyesters

[GI-2] Characteristics of ultrafine bubbles in alkaline aqueous solution

[GI-3] Methylene blue decomposition by various in-liquid plasma methods

[GI-4] Ring-opening Polymerization of Macrocyclic Oligocarbonates with

[GI-5] Preparation of Graphene-Based Conductive Ink From Spent Zinc-

[GI-6] Preparation of sulfonated graphene oxide from petrochemical