Name: Dianamae C.

Buchan

Course/Year: BSECE-2A

Module 1
Pre-test:

1. Who devised the word ecology?

Ans: A - Ernst Haeckel

2. What is the definition of a community?

Ans: C - All the organism of the same are closely related species.

3. Which of these processes from the carbon cycle releases carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

Ans: A - Carbon

4. What is environment?
Ans: A – A place where organism lives in
5. Oikos means?
Ans: D – Ecosystems
1. What are the 5 levels of ecology in order to smallest to largest?
Ans: Organism - Population- Community - Ecosystem – Biosphere
2. What is the importance of ecology?
Ans: The ecology is important because it provides new knowledge of the interdependence
between people and nature that is vital for food production, maintaining clean air and water,
and sustaining biodiversity in a changing climate.

SELF EVALUATION!

1. What is ecology?
Ans: Ecology is the study of the relationships between living organisms, including humans, and
their physical environment; it seeks to understand the vital connections between plants and
animals and the world around them. Ecology also provides information about the benefits of
ecosystems and how we can use Earth’s resources in ways that leave the environment healthy
for future generations.
2. What are the main branches of ecology?
Ans: The different types of ecology include molecular ecology, organismal ecology, population
ecology, community ecology, global ecology, landscape ecology and ecosystem ecology.
3. Is ecology related to geography?
Ans: Ecology is the branch of science that examines the relationships organisms have to each
other and to their environment. Scientists who study those relationships are called ecologists. ...
Landscape ecology deals with spatial distribution, patterns, and behaviours across large
geographical areas.
4. Give some examples of ecology?
Ans: An example of ecology is the study of wetlands. Ecology is defined as the branch of science
that studies how people or organisms relate to each other and their environment. An example
of ecology is studying the food chain in a wetlands area.
Name: Dianamae C. Buchan

Course/year: BSECE-2A

PRE-TEST

1. What is ecosystem?
Ans: D – All of these
2. What is an example of an ecosystem?
Ans: D – All of these
3. Which of the following is the natural ecosystem?
Ans: B - Forest
4. What is important of ecosystem?
Ans: D – All of these
5. What does an ecosystem consists of?
Ans: D – All of these
6. How an ecosystem formed?
Ans: D- all of these
7. How does ecosystem affects human?
Ans: B-livelihood
8. How can we protect ecosystem?
Ans: D- all of these

Answer the following:

a. What kind of animals lives in tundra ecosystem?
Ans: Animals found in the tundra include the musk ox, the Arctic hare, the polar
bear, the Arctic fox, the caribou, and the snowy owl. Many animals that live in the
tundra, like the caribou and the semipalmated plover, migrate to warmer climates
during the winter.
b. What are the 5 plants that live in the tundra ecosystem?
Ans: mosses, lichens, herb, sedges and small shrubs
c. What are the 5 interesting facts about the tundra?
Ans:
-The word tundra comes from a Finnish word tunturi, which means treeless plain or
barren land.
-The tundra is a very fragile biome that is shrinking as the permafrost melts.
-Lemmings are small mammals that burrow under the snow to eat grasses and
moss during the winter.
-Polar bears come to the tundra for the summer where they have their babies.
-Animals in the tundra tend to have small ears and tails. This helps them to lose less
heat in the cold. They also tend to have large feet, which helps them to walk on top
of the snow.
 d. Can humans live in tundra?
Ans: Humans have been part of the tundra ecosystem for thousands of years. The
indigenous people of Alaska's tundra regions are the Aleut, Alutiiq, Inupiat, Central
Yup'ik and Siberian Yupik. Originally nomadic, Alaska Natives have now settled in
permanent villages and towns.

a. Where is boreal Located?

Ans: The boreal constitutes the northernmost forests of the globe, ranging from latitudes of 50
to 70° N. The majority of the boreal ecoregion is located in Alaska, Canada, Russia, and the
Scandinavian countries. In addition to forested areas, the ecoregion also includes grasslands,
barren areas, and wetlands.
b. What are the characteristic of boreal forest?
Ans: The boreal forest corresponds with regions of subarctic and cold continental climate. Long,
severe winters (up to six months with mean temperatures below freezing) and short summers
(50 to 100 frost-free days) are characteristic, as is a wide range of temperatures between the
lows of winter and highs of summer.
c. Which country has the most boreal forest?
Ans: The taiga or boreal forest is the world's largest land biome. In North America, it covers
most of inland Canada, Alaska, and parts of the northern contiguous United States.
d. Is boreal forest in danger?
Ans: Two of the largest threats facing boreal birds are habitat loss and climate change. Although
much the northern boreal has so far been mostly spared from development, the southern
portion of the forest has experienced heavy alterations from logging, mining, hydroelectric
development, and oil and gas extraction.
e. What makes boreal forest unique?
Ans: The boreal forest is characterized by its diverse coniferous tree species, unique plants,
animal species, bird species, and lakes and wetlands. The boreal forest covers just less than 30%
of forest cover in the world, with the largest regions in Canada and in Russia.
f. Describe its climate.
Ans: The tundra climate is a transitional climate between the Subarctic and Ice cap climates.
Polar climates like the tundra are characterized by very cold temperatures and generally dry
conditions. Temperatures never rise above 10o C (50oF) during the summer.
a. What is the different between grassland and temperature?
Ans: Temperate Grasslands tend to have more green vegetation while tropical
grasslands tend to be more dry and brown like colour vegetation.Temperate
forests correspond to forest concentration formed in the northern and
southern hemisphere, or in temperate regions.
b. Which is the temperate grassland?
Ans: Temperate grasslands are areas of open grassy plains that are sparsely
populated with trees. Various names of temperate grasslands include pampas,
downs, and veldts. Temperate grasslands can be found in various regions north
and south of the equator including Argentina, Australia, and central North
America.
c. Where are the temperate grassland found?
Ans: The major temperate grasslands include the plains and prairies of central
North America -Great Plains of the Midwest, The Palouse Prairie of eastern
Washington State- and other grasslands in the southwest. Eurasian temperate
grasslands are known as steppes and they are found between the Ukraine and
Russia.
d. What are the characteristics of temperate grassland?
Ans: Temperate grasslands are largely devoid of trees, receive less rainfall than
savanna and endure broader temperature extremes. The two types of
temperate grasslands are steppes and prairies. Steppes have shorter grasses,
and prairies have taller grasses due to higher precipitation.
e. What is the other name for temperature grassland?
Ans: Known as prairies in North America, pampas in South America, veld in
Southern Africa and steppe in Asia, Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and
Scrublands differ largely from tropical grasslands in the annual temperature
regime as well as the types of species found here.
f. What is the famous grassland?
Ans: The three types of grasslands of the world are prairie, steppe, and
savanna. Little of the original prairie still bears a mantle of tall grass.
g. What is the climate of the temperate grassland?
Ans: Temperate grasslands have a mild range of temperatures, but they have
distinct seasons. They have hot summers and cold winters. During summers,
the temperature can be well over 100 degrees Fahrenheit.
a. Where is the tropical dessert found?
Ans: Hot and dry deserts can be found in North America, Central America,
South America, southern Asia, Africa, and Australia. Well-known hot and
dry deserts include the Mojave and the Sahara.
b. Is the Sahara a tropical desert?
Ans: yes, As little as 6,000 years ago, the vast Sahara Desert was covered in
grassland that received plenty of rainfall, but shifts in the world's weather
patterns abruptly transformed the vegetated region into some of the driest
land on Earth.
c. What are the 4 types of deserts?
Ans: subtropical, coastal, rain shadow and interior,
d. What plants are in the tropical desert?
Ans: Flora. Representative desert plants include the barrel cactus,
brittlebush, chain fruit cholla, creosote. Additionally, it is also common to
see crimson hedgehog, cactus, common saltbush and desert ironwood, fairy
duster, Joshua tree.

a. Where is savanna located?

Ans: savanna found between the desert biome and the rainforest
biome. They are mostly located near the equator. The largest savannah
is located in Africa. Nearby half of the continent of Africa is covered
with savannah grasslands.
b. Can human live in the savannah?
Ans: Originally humans lived in the Savanna biomes using its life as a
source of food and materials. Humans have continued to use Savanna
biomes in such a way even into modern times. The Aborigines of
Australia continue in places to have a traditional Savanna hunter-
gatherer culture even to this day.
c. What types of animals and plants live in savanna?
Ans: one of the most spectacular sights in nature is the animals of the
African savanna. Because the savanna is so rich in grasses and tree life,
many larges herbivores live her and congregate in large herds. These
include zebras, wildebeests, elephants, giraffes, ostriches, gazelles and
buffalo.

a. Where is dry forest located?

Ans: Tropical and Subtropical Dry Forests are found in southern Mexico,
southeastern Africa, the Lesser Sundas, central India, Indochina,
Madagascar, New Caledonia, eastern Bolivia and central Brazil, the
Caribbean, valleys of the northern Andes, and along the coasts of
Ecuador and Peru.
 b. What animals and plants live in dry forest?
Ans: The majority of the mammals in the world's dry forests tend to be
smaller, though, such as monkeys, pumas, jaguars, deer, squirrels, and
rodents.
c. Why is tropical dry forest important?
Ans: They're also important from a carbon storage standpoint. They can
hold significant amounts of carbon in the biomass and the soils. The
tropical dry forest is considered the most endangered tropical biome,
and I think the world would lose a lot if we lose the last tropical dry
forests.

a. Where are tropical forests located?

Ans: Tropical rainforests are found in Central and South America,
western and central Africa, western India, Southeast Asia, the
island of New Guinea, and Australia.
b. What are the 2 types of tropical forests?
Ans: There are two types of tropical forests: tropical rainforests and
tropical dry forests.
c. What are the advantages of tropical forests?
Ans: Why are rainforests important?
-help stabilize the world's climate;
-provide a home to many plants and animals;
-maintain the water cycle.
-protect against flood, drought, and erosion;
Are a source for medicines and foods.
-Support tribal people; and.
Are interesting places to visit.

SELF EVALUATE!

a. What are the types of the temperature forest?

Ans: The temperate deciduous forest gets its name because the temperatures are
temperate meaning they are not extreme. Temperate deciduous forests receive 30
- 60 inches of rain each year and are ranked second only to the rainforest as the
rainiest biome.
b. What is the different between temperature forests from tropical forest?
Ans: There are two types of rainforests, tropical and temperate. Tropical rainforests
are found closer to the equator where it is warm. Temperate rainforests are found
near the cooler coastal areas further north or south of the equator. The tropical
rainforest is a hot, moist biome where it rains all year long.
c. Describe taiga. Savanna and desert in brief?
Ans: Taiga, also called boreal forest, biome (major life zone) of vegetation
composed primarily of cone-bearing needle-leaved or scale-leaved evergreen trees,
found in northern circumpolar forested regions characterized by long winters and
moderate to high annual precipitation. Savanna is tropical grassland with widely
scattered trees or clumps of trees. A Desert is a biome in which the lack of
precipitation limits plants growth; deserts are found in both temperate and tropical
regions.