DANIELLE V.

CRUZ
MD 1Y2-3

EXPERIMENT 7: TITRATABLE ACIDITY

GROUP MEMBERS:
*CRUZ, DANIELLE*
VEROY, TARAH DENISE T.
GAROL, DANNICA
SALVADOR, NOY VILLARUEL
VILLAMORAN, ANN LOREIN
FIGUEROA, SHIN
ALINGASA, LUIGI
GARRUCHO, YZEL

Date performed: January 27, 2020

Date submitted: February 16, 2020

ABSTRACT
This experiment is carried out to determine the concentration of acidity in the solutions
which are the; powdered juice of Dalandan and Calamansi, and the pure extract of lemon and
vinegar of Datu Puti and Silver Swan. The goal of this experiment is to find the percent by mass
of acidity from the given samples or solutions by titration with a standardized sodium hydroxide
(NaOH) solution.

In the experiment held by MD 1Y2-3. 0.0690M is the average molarity in the standardization of
0.10M NaOH, this standardized NaOH is what was also used to know the titratable acidity of the
samples. the standardization also had an %RSD of 1.73%.

The samples were powdered Dalandan, powdered Calamansi, pure Datu puti Vinegar, pure
Silver Swan Vinegar, and pure Lemon; titrated by NaOH with an orderly-arranged averages of;
6.90mL, 8.12mL, 27.34mL, 28.94mL, and 37.1mL.

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MD 1Y2-3

The experiment consequently concluded, in the aforementioned orderly manner, that the
titratable acidity percentage of the mentioned samples resulted to; 0.305%, 0.359%, 3.77%,
3.99%, and 5.46%.

INTRODUCTION
To determine the concentration of acidity from the solutions, the experiment used
titration;

titration is a process in which small increments of a solution of known concentration are added
to a specific volume of a solution of unknown concentration until the stoichiometry for that
reaction is attained.

The purpose of titration is to determine the equivalence point of the reaction. The equivalence
point is reach when the added quantity of one reactant is the exact amount necessary for
stoichiometric reaction with another reactant.

The equivalence point is the point in a titration where the amount of titrant added is enough to
completely neutralize the analyte solution.

The equivalence point was determined visually by using an indicator in this experiment. The
indicator, which is a substance that changes color near the equivalence point, is added to the
analyte solution. Since the color change is near but not exactly at the equivalence point, the
point at which the color change occurs is called the endpoint.

Indicators are chosen so the endpoint is very close to the equivalence point.

It is important to keep a titration well mixed, so the titrant and analyte can contact each other
and react rapidly. Either manual swirling of the beaker or mechanical stirring can be used.
Continually, manual swirling was used in the experiment.

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MD 1Y2-3

MATERIAL USED
 Powdered juice of Dalandan  Standardized sodium hydroxide
 Powdered juice of Calamansi (NaOH) solution.
 Pure extract of lemon  Burette
 Vinegar of Datu Puti  Ring stand
 Vinegar of Silver Swan  Dropper
 Beakers  Glass rod
 Pipette

METHODOLOGY
To conduct the experiment, first prepare the indicator or the phenolphthalein
solution by dissolving 4.0 gram of phenolphthalein in 36mL ethanol.

Then to get the titratable acidity of the powdered solution; first mix the powdered solution as
indicated in the packet; in this case, mix 1 serving size packet of powdered solution in 1L of
distilled H2O or water, then get 10mL of the sample then dilute it in 100mL distilled water.
Third, add 3 gtts or drops of the phenolphthalein indicator, fourth, titrate the solution in 0.10 M
NaOH until it reached its endpoint or the pale pink goal color. Lastly, record the volume of
NaOH used.

On the other hand, to get the titratable acidity of the pure solutions; first get 3ml of the pure
sample then mix it with 100ml distilled water, then add 3 gtts or drops of phenolphthalein.
Continually, after that, titrate the solution in 0.10 M NaOH until it reaches its end point color of
pale pink. Consequently, record the volume of NaOH used.

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MD 1Y2-3

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Sample ID T R I A L Average
1 2 3 4 5
Powdered
Dalandan 7.0 8.1 6.3 6.7 6.4 6.90
Calamansi 8.10 8.0 7.8 8.7 8.0 8.12
Pure
Datu Puti Vinegar 29.4 26.0 27.6 27.0 26.7 27.34
Silver swan 25.5 27.7 28.8 26.3 36.4 28.94
Vinegar
Lemon 37.1 34.4 40.3 36.5 37.2 37.1
Table 1: Raw data from NaOH titration

In the aforementioned table above, you will see that from the 1 st to the 5th trial,
the powdered dalandan had an average of 6.90mL of NaOH titrated onto it until it
reached its end point. Meanwhile from the 1st to the 5th trial, the powdered calamansi
had an average of 8.12mL of NaOH titrated onto it until it reached its end point. Then,
on the other hand from the 1st to the 5th trial, the pure datu puti vinegar had an average
of 27.34mL of NaOH titrated onto it until it reached its end point. The silver swan
vinegar had 28.94 mL. Lastly the lemon had 37.1 mL average of NaOH titrated onto it
until it reached the color pale pink or end point.

The average results of the following samples are also indicated in the table. The
formula used in computing the average of the results are shown on the appendices.

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MD 1Y2-3

Trial Wt. KHP(g) Volume of NaOH Molarity Average %RSD

added (mol/L) molarity
1 0.102g 7.2mL 0.0694 mol/L
2 0.101g 7.3mL 0.0677 mol/L
0.0690 1.73%
3 0.100g 7.0mL 0.0700 mol/L
Table 2: Standardization of 0.10M NaOH

The table above had indicated the volume of NaOH titrated to standardize the
sodium hydroxide. The calculated molarity of the solution had also been included at the
table which are 0.0694, 0.0677, and 0.0700. As well as the Average molarity which has
0.0690 and a %RSD of 1.73%.

Sample ID Volume NaOH Sample volume M of NaOH Facto Titratable acidity

use (mL) (mL) (mol/L) r (%)
Used
Dalandan 6.90 10 0.069 6.7 0.305
Calamansi 8.12 10 0.069 8.7 0.359
Datu Puti Vinegar 27.34 3 0.069 27.0 3.77
Silver swan Vinegar 28.94 3 0.069 26.3 3.99
Lemon 37.1 3 0.069 36.5 5.46
Table 3: titratable acidity in g/100mL

The table above indicates the different consequential result from the different
given samples; the data display that, the greater the titratable acidity percentage of a
sample, the more of the sample uses up greater volume of NaOH.

In addition, 0.064 M factor was used in dalandan, calamansi and lemon since all
of them are fruits which contains citric acid anhydrous. Meanwhile, 0.060 M was the
factor that was used for the datu puti and silver swan vinegar since they both contain

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MD 1Y2-3

acetic acid. The table also shows that the lemon has the highest titratable acidity.
Formulas used in the table are present in the appendices.

CONCLUSION

The experimentation conducted concluded that with the given titratable acidity
of Dalandan, Calamansi, Datu Puti Vinegar, Silver swan Vinegar, and Lemon, with
respectively the percentage of 0.305, 0.359, 3.77, 3.99, 5.46; lemon had the highest
titratable acidity percentage while the powdered Dalandan juice had the lowest one.

The experiment also shows that each sample had different value of titratable
acidity. It also shows that, depending on the acid content, depending if it’s citric or
acetic acid, the acidity can be varied. The research also shows that the more the given
sample is needed to be neutralized by NaOH, the higher its titratable acidity is.

APPENDICES

KHP
wt .of
 Molarity of Sodium Hydroxide solution=M NaOH =
MM KHP
x 1000
mL of NaOH useed

 Average molarity of NaOH solution = Σx ÷ n

 %RSD= (σ)/x ̅) x100
 Average volume for NaOH titration = x ̅= Σn(V1+V2+V3+…Vn) ÷ (n)

 ( wv )= volumeVolume
T itratable acidity , %
of NaOH used , mL x N NaOH x F
of sample used , mL
x 100

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MD 1Y2-3

REFERENCES

(n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.webassign.net/question_assets/ncsugenchem102labv1/lab_9/manual.html
Helmenstine, A. M. (2020, January 27). Here's What the Equivalence Point Means in Chemistry.
Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-equivalence-point-605101