Disaster Risk Reduction & Management Junjie Zuasula, MD, PSHAE Dept. of Family & Community Preventive Medicine II UC School of MedicineLearning Objectives: 1. Define the following terms: ce "Hazard Exposure Vulnerability Capacity Risk Disaster Describe the Disaster Management Cycle Describe the different Phases of Activity before and after the Impact of a disaster Describe the Philippines Risk Profile Discuss Disaster Preparedness Disuses the New Framework On Disaster Risk Reduction & Management Describe the salient provision of R.A. 10121 (ORRM act of 2010) Discuss ways of strengthening disaster risk reduction Deseribe the Emergency/Disaster Operations Center in relation to: * Situational issues + Incident managementNatural Disaster f= ‘PA natural disaster is a consequence when a natural hazard affects humans andjor the built environment. Human vulnerability, and lack of appropriate emergency management, leads to financial, environmental, or human impact. ‘The resulting loss depends on the capacity of the population to support or resist the disaster: their resilience. This understanding is concentrated in the formulation: "disasters occur when hazards meet vulnerability”. A natural hazard will hence never result in a natural disaster in areas without vulnerabilityMan-made or Human Induced Disaster 4 Man-made disasters are the consequence of technological or human hazards. Examples include stampedes, fires, transport accidents, industrial accidents, oil spills and nuclear explosions/radiation. War and deliberate attacks may also be put in this category. As with natural hazards, man-made hazards are events that have not happened, for instance terrorism, Man-made disasters are examples of specific cases where man-made hazards have become reality in an event9 Wuen Is AN Event A Disaster? a 1. At least 20% of the population are affected & in need of emergency assistance or those dwelling units have been destroyed, great number or at least 40% of the means of livelihood such as bancas, fishing boats, vehicles and the like are destroyed. 3. Major roads and bridges are destroyed and impassable for at least a week, thus disrupting the flow of transport and commerce. 4. Widespread destruction of fishponds, crops, poultry and livestock, and other agricultural products 5. EpidemicsWhy Are Disaster Impacts INCREASING? . Increased in population Climate change . Increased vulnerability due to: a x + Demographic changes Increased concentration of assets Environmental degradation . Poverty ® Rapid urbanization and unplanned developmentThe disaster-management cycle Humanitarian action <= Sustainable development Rehabilitation Prevention Humanitarian Development action Response Preparedness Disaster impactDevelopment temporaril Activity+ Is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihood & services, social & economic disruption or environmental damage... + Could be a potentially damaging phenomenon + Itcould be natural or human-induced. TYPHOON EXTREME ‘TSUNAMI SEVERE RAIN CAUSED ROUGH INS) QUAKE FLOODING ‘LANDSLIDE "SEAS PPMOESCE+ The degree to which the element at risk ae likely to experience hazard ‘events of different magnitude SOwWO®VULNERABILITY make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. + This may arise from various physical, social, economic & environmental factor. ASTER«. HAZARD: oe colt NATURAL 2 notteVULNERABILITY por VULNERABILITY HAS BEEN RELATED TO THE FOLLOWING FACTORS ‘$Socialinteg Psychological & Physiological > Ethnicity > Locus of control > Age > Disability > Gender > Coping-style > Location > Individuals perception > Status > Lifestyle > Wealth > Aslity > Income > Mobility > Education > Experience > Family typeTT CAPACITY ‘Is the combination of all Strangths and resources avaiable ‘the community, society or Srgenizaton that ca reduce the level of risk or effects of @ disaster.+ Is the combination of the Probability of an event to happen and its negative consequences. RR = HAZARD x VULNERABILITY (exposure ‘CAPACITYHazard —-X_ Vulnerability __ Disaster Risk Capacity \&NATURAL DISASTERSDns: eae SESRIC WALCAnsPhilippinesi ic ici. ci iii The country is considered one of the most disaster-prone. It ranks 22th among 200 countries most at-risk for tropical cyclones, floods, earthquakes, and landslides in the 2009 Mortality Risk Index of the UN Internati Strategy for Disaster Reduction * Located along the typhoon belt in the Pacific making it vulnerable to typhoons and tsunami ‘Average of 20 typhoons yearlyhe Philippines, given its location on the earth ts prone to various types of Natural Disasters % Located along the Pacific Ring of Fire, between two Tectonic plates (Gurasian and Pacific) which are Voleanic and earthquake generators, zzactive volcanoes (5 most ative).HisToricat Seismicity (£.6. Baguio City) The PHIVOLCS earthquake and catalogue seis maps shows so far, seven (7) historically and instrumentally recorded destructive _ earthquakes (Intensity 7-9 in the adapted Rossi-Forel scale) have affected Baguio City for the past 356 years (1645-2002). This roughly translate into a return period of at least one destructive earthquake (Intensity 7 to 9) for every 50 years. In addition, there were four very destructive earthquakes during the 356-year period for a return period of at least one very destructive earthquake (intensity 8 to 9) for every 89 years. RISK PROFILEEquator ‘South Sandwie ena ting of Archipelago occupies the _western Ocean (Western Segment of the Pacific Ring of Fire), a most active part of the earth that is characterized by an ocean-encircling belt of active volcanoes and earthquake generators (faults). The Philippine the Paci‘Active, INACTIVE AND POTENTIALLY ACTIVE ‘WOLCANOES OF THE PHILIPPINES > 300Volcanoes > aaactiveA PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY.a came MaKe A DIFFEREN + Changing attitudes... & Kno g hazards... 4 Doing something to minimize the hazards.Coat Concerns Does your institution have an existing Disaster 2--- Team / Safety Committee? Ifyes, sit functional? Do we conduct emergency / disaster drills regularly? Do we have Emergency Response Plan? ype y Do we have a Preparedness | Cor event of any disaster? wency Plan in the 6. Are there personnel / employees ti fighting or rescue? Does the institution have any rescue equipment and other emergency paraphernalia? jined in first aid, fire 8. Dowe have an institutionalized warning system? 9. Are there identified evacuation areas within the premises of the institution?PREPAREDNESS CYCLE mm oD72-Hour Sunvivat KitRA 10121 THE PHILIPPINE DRRM SYSTEMTue PHILIPPINE DRRM Systen ‘bisasterlegisation in the Philippines dates back in 2576, rim reactive approach to disasters, focusing heavily on preparedness and response. Other relevant legislation for mainstreaming of disaster risk reduction into development includes land-use controls and building codes. However, building codes are not strictly enforced and zoning ordinances which are reported to have been relaxed overtime. 4 With the approval of the DRRM (Republic Act No. 10123) expect that there would be a paradigm shift emphasizing disaster management to a disaster risk management approach, with much greater importance given to reducing risk. ‘The RA was approved on 27 May 2020, and the Implementing Rules and Regulations was crafted by the Task Force RA 0221 headed by the OCD.RisK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT =. “Systematic process of using administrative decisions, organization, operational skills and capacities to implement policies, strategies and coping capacities of the society and communities “Setting of related goals and objectives in development and land use areas. ‘it involves the formulation of strategies and Plans, Programs and Activities (PPAs)What Must BE Done To REDUCE Risk == “Institutionalize Local Disaster Risk Reduction & Management Office “Establish Early Warning System “Formulation of Communication Protocol “Formulation of Evacuation Procedures at the community level and establishments “Organize Local DRRMC and define the functional roles and responsibilities of the members and task units “Establish Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) Hazard awareness through Community-Based ti and seminars ingsWuat Must Be Done To Repuce RISK = gay Integrate disaster risk reduction into the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) and land use planning 4 Integrate hazard, risk and vulnerability assessment into the development plan + Cluster Approach on Recovery Program + Good working relationship with Warning Agencies and the Local Media Installation of rain gauges on mountain slopesWuart Must Be Done To Reouce Risk “‘PStrengthening of the LGU capabilities on disaster management ‘Updating the hazard profile ofall municipalities and to analyse data on human induced disasters for public safety studies, “$Effective flow of communication system to ensure that accurate flow of information before, during and after disastersWauat Must BE Done To REDUCE a The process of 7 disaster risk Siiaiesc) reduction + adopted (DRR) « learned ' evelvels Past events r? essons = registered) Orel ali-te) Divelrefo ta) * ignoredRisk RepucTion METHOD «Identity, characterize, and assess threats Assess the wlnerabltyof critical assets to specific threats Determine the isk((.e the expected consequences of specific types of attacks on specific assets) = Identify ways to reduce those risks wrwre - Prioritize risk reduction measures based on a strategy Combination hazard and vulnerabilty = => Materiazation of major risk = DisasterPOTENTIAL RISK TREATMENTS Once risks have been identified and assessed, all techniques to manage the risk fall into one or more of these four major categories: “Avoidance (eliminate, withdraw from the risk area) “Reduction (optimize resources to mitigate effects) 4 Sharing (risk transfer or enrol in insurance) Retention (accept, plan - formulate ConPlan, Evac Plan, ICS and provision of. budget)RA. 10121 ‘The enactment of the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2020 (also known as Republic Act 10123), aims to achieve a paradigm shift from reactive to proactive approach in disaster risk reduction and management.PARADIGM SHIFT Emeccency/Disaster isk Management PROACTIVEParapicm SHIFT =n National Disaster Risk Reduction & Management Framework 7m Dang Eiecnsa ncaa Peas Reactive = Proactive Emergency Specialists Gee ett rei as Pees Cero aatas