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WELCOME
CHÀO MỪNG

INTERMEDIATE ENGLISH CLASS

LỚP TIẾNG ANH CƠ BẢN
LET’S RECALL THE 8 PARTS OF SPEECH
My name is Teacher

DOROTHY
Pronoun

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 My name is Teacher

DOROTHY

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 Noun Adverb

Pronoun Conjunction
DOROTHY
Verb Preposition

Adjectives Interjection

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 Concrete Nouns
Concrete nouns are people,
places, or things that we can
experience
My name is with our five senses
Teacher
(taste, touch, sight, hearing, or
smell).
DOROTHY

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Common Nouns
A common noun is a noun
that’s not the name of any
particular person, place, or thing
My namesinger,
(for instance, is Teacher
river, and
tablet).
*starts with a small letter

Examples:
Have you seen my dog?
The books are on your desk.
The flowers are blooming.

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Proper Nouns
A proper noun is a noun that refers to a
specific person, place, or thing (Lady
Gaga, Da Nang River, and iPad)
Mywith
*starts name
a bigis Teacher
letter

Examples: Jane, Thailand, Sunday,

DOROTHY
James Bond, Einstein, Superman, Game
of Thrones, Shakespeare

•Let me introduce you to Mary.

•The capital of Italy is Rome.
•He is the chairman of the British
Broadcasting Corporation.
•I was born in November.
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Abstract Nouns
Abstract nouns are the opposite of
concrete nouns. They are things that
you cannot touch. Abstract nouns
are ideas, concepts and feelings.

Examples: happiness, courage,

danger, truth

He has great strength.

Who killed President Kennedy is a
real mystery.
Sometimes it takes courage to tell
the truth.
Their lives were full of sadness.

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Countable Nouns
(also called count nouns)

Mycount
You can name is Teacher
countable nouns. Countable nouns
have singular and plural forms.

Examples: ball, boy, cat, person

I have only five dollars.
The Earth was formed 4.6 billion years ago.
There are lots of people but we don't have a car.

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Uncountable Nouns
(also called mass nouns)

You cannot count uncountable nouns. You need to

useMy
"measure
namewords" to quantify them.
is Teacher
Rule: We never use uncountable nouns with the
indefinite article (a/an). Uncountable nouns are
always singular.
DOROTHY
Examples: water, happiness, cheese
Have you got some money?
Air-conditioners use a lot of electricity.
Do you have any work for me to do?
Many Asians eat rice

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Collective Nouns
A collective noun denotes a group of individuals.

Examples: class (group of students), pride (group

of lions), crew (group of sailors)

Rule: Collective nouns can be treated as singular

or plural. More about this at rules of subject-
verb agreement with collective nouns.

His family live in different countries.

An average family consists of four people.
The new company is the result of a merger.
The board of directors will meet tomorrow.

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 DOROTHY

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Compound Nouns
A compound noun is a noun that is made with two or more words. Most compound nouns are [noun +
noun] or [adjective + noun].

Each compound noun acts as a single unit and can be modified by adjectives and other nouns.

Compound nouns have three different forms:

• open or spaced - space between words (bus stop)

• hyphenated - hyphen between words (mother-in-law)

• closed or solid - no space or hyphen between words (football)

Examples: cat food, blackboard, breakfast, full moon, washing machine, software

Can we use the swimming pool?

They stop work at sunset.
Don't forget that check-out is at 12 noon.

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1. sister-in-law Uncountable noun
2. Mia Proper noun
3. tree Common noun
4. oil Abstract noun
5. School of fish Compound noun
6. love Collective Noun

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 1. The book was lying on the table.
Uncountable noun
2. The jury has given its verdict.
Proper noun
3. Today is her birthday. Common noun
4. Alcohol is injurious to health. Abstract noun
5.Wild animals live in forests. Compound noun
6.The childhood of Peter was full of Collective Noun
misery.

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 LESSON 3:
RULES
My name IN
WRITING THE
is Teacher
PLURAL FORMS OF
NOUNS
RULES IN WRITING THE PLURAL FORM OF NOUNS
SINGULAR PLURAL
*In general the plural of a noun is formed by adding -S to car cars
the noun. house houses
book books
However: bird birds
1. When the noun ends in S, SH, CH, X or Z*, we add -ES to pencil pencils

the noun.
SINGULAR PLURAL
kiss kisses
I have a box in my bedroom.
wish wishes
I have three boxes in my bedroom.
match matches
fox foxes
* With words that end in Z sometimes we add an extra Z quiz quizzes
to the plural form of the word (such as with the plural of
quiz).

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 SINGULAR PLURAL
2. When the noun ends in a VOWEL + Y, we add -S to the boy boys
noun.
holiday holidays

key keys

3. When the noun ends in a CONSONANT + Y, we remove guy guys

Y and add -IES to the noun. SINGULAR PLURAL

party parties
lady ladies
4. If the noun ends in F or FE, we remove the F/FE and add story stories
-VES to the noun. nanny nannies
city cities
Some exceptions: roof - roofs, cliff - cliffs, chief - chiefs,
belief - beliefs, chef - chefs SINGULAR PLURAL

life lives
leaf leaves
thief thieves

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5. If the noun ends in a CONSONANT + O, we normally SINGULAR PLURAL
add -ES to the noun. tomato tomatoes
• Some exceptions: piano - pianos, halo - halos, photo - potato potatoes
photos echo echoes
hero heroes
• NOTE: Volcano has two correct forms of plural.
Both volcanos and volcanoes are accepted.
SINGULAR PLURAL
6. There are a number of nouns that don't follow these man men
rules. They are irregular and you need to learn them woman women
child children
individually because they don't normally have an S on
foot feet
the end.
tooth teeth
• There is a child in the park. goose geese
mouse mice
• There are many children in the park.

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7. There are some nouns in English that are the same in the SINGULAR PLURAL
singular and the plural. fish fish
• I can see a sheep in the field. sheep sheep
• I can see ten sheep in the field. deer deer

• Sometimes you will hear the word fishes (especially in songs) moose moose
though it is grammatically incorrect. aircraft aircraft

8. If the noun ends in IS, we change it to ES. Words that end in

IS usually have a Greek root. SINGULAR PLURAL
analysis analyses
basis bases
9. If the noun ends in US, we change it to I. Words that end in
US usually have a Latin root. crisis crises

SINGULAR PLURAL
Some exceptions: octupus - octupuses (because it is from
Greek, not Latin), walrus - walruses cactus cacti
fungus fungi
stimulus stimuli
syllabus syllabi
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COUNTABLE NOUNS
Countable nouns are individual objects, people, places and things that can be counted.
For example, books, houses, Americans, cats, dogs, cars, etc.
A countable noun can be singular (a book) or plural (two books)
The singular form of a verb is used with a singular countable noun : the apple is red
The plural form of a verb is used with a plural countable noun : the apples are red.

UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Uncountable or mass nouns are substances, concepts, information, materials, etc.
which are not individual objects and cannot be counted. They have no plural form.
• Some examples:Liquids and gases: milk, cream, water, coffee, smoke, air, oxygen
• Solid and granular substances: bread, cheese, meat, rice, sugar, salt, sand
• Materials: wood, plastic, glass, paper
• Concepts/abstract ideas: hope, peace, beauty, entertainment, freedom
• Feelings and qualities : joy, anger, efficiency, honesty, pride, happiness
• Activities : homework, sleep, surveillance, work
• Uncountable or mass nouns are :used with no indefinite article (a/an) : Drink water if you are thirsty.
(not: a water)
• take a singular verb : Water is safe to drink in this area.
• Common uncountable nouns :
advice, accommodation, baggage, bread, cheese, equipment, furniture,
happiness, information, knowledge, literature, luggage, money, music,
news, pasta, progress, research, sadness, travel, water, work ...

Examples of use :Water is a necessity.

• Could I have a slice of bread please?
• Have some cream with your strawberries.
• That's an interesting piece of information.
• Here is the latest news.

To talk about a certain quantity, we use :

some/ a piece of/ a drop of/ a glass of/ a slice of, etc.some milk / a drop of milk
• a piece of cheese/cake/pizza
• a slice of bread
• a glass of water
• a piece of advice/information/news/luggage
• a news item
 FOOD
A bag of flour/oats
A bar of chocolate
A bowl of rice/cereal/fruit
A carton of cream/yogurt
A clove of garlic
A cube of ice
A grain of rice
A handful of olives/nuts
A head of lettuce
A jar of jam/honey
A knob/pat of butter
A loaf of bread
A lump of sugar
A pinch of salt
A scoop of ice-cream
A slice of bread/cake
A sprig of parsley/thyme
A square of chocolate
A stalk of celery/rhubarb
A stick of cinnamon
Examples of words used to quantify uncountable nouns:
LIQUIDS GENERAL
A drop of milk/rain A bar/cake of soap
A bottle of wine A bottle of perfume
A bowl of soup A ball of cotton
A can of coke/beer A cloud of smoke
A cup of tea A coat of nail polish
A dash of lemon juice A dab of perfume
A dose of medicine A flash of lightning
A litre/gallon of petrol A piece of news
A glass of water/wine An item of clothing
A jug/pitcher of water A piece of luggage
A mouthful of coffee A pile of money
A pint of milk/beer A ray of sunshine
A pot of tea A roll of toilet paper
A pool of blood A sheet of paper
A quart (2 pints) of milk A stick of chalk
A shot of vodka A tube of toothpaste
A sip of water/tea/beer A speck of dust
A spoonful of medicine A stick of deodorant
A thimble of whisky A string of pearls
A trickle of water A stroke of luck
• PLURAL NOUNS
Plural nouns with no singular form
Some plural nouns have no singular form.
Examples are : earnings, (reading) glasses, trousers, savings, shorts, scissors, binoculars.
These nouns take a plural verb :
• The company's earnings are increasing every year.
• Our savings are kept in the bank
• These scissors are rusty.
To refer to one item of clothing, tools or instruments which consist of two parts, a pair of is used :A pair of
trousers/shorts/jeans/pajamas.
• A pair of scissors/clippers/pliers.
Some nouns appear to be plural in form but take a singular verb.
For example : news, gymnastics, athletics, economics, physics, politics, series.
• Athletics is a competitive sport.
• The news is not very good I'm afraid.
• They say politics is a complicated business.
• Gymnastics is fun to watch.
• Linguistics is the study of language.
• Physics is a difficult subject for many students.
• The new adventure series on television is very exciting.
A collective noun is a word that refers to a set or group of people, animals or things.
Collective Nouns are sometimes called Group Nouns.
Collective nouns are often followed by OF + PLURAL NOUN
e.g. a bunch of flowers, a flock of seagulls, a set of tools.
Groups of people working together
Staff: the people who work in a company or place of work.

Cast: the actors in a certain movie or play.

Company: a group of actors that usually perform together in different plays.

Crew: all the working members on a ship or plane.

Team: a group of individuals playing on the same side generally with the same objectives.

Platoon: a group of soldiers being commanded by a lieutenant.

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 Forms Examples

noun + noun train station

noun + adjective handful

blackberry
adjective + noun full moon

breakwater
verb (ing) + noun swimming pool

haircut
noun + verb (ing) skydiving

verb + preposition check-in

noun + preposition passer-by

preposition + noun underground

noun + preposition + noun father-in-law

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 Forming the plural of compound nouns compounds head plural

The plurals of compound nouns are generally formed by car park park car parks
adding 's' to the principal word (i.e. the most significant blackboard board blackboards
word in the compound), also called the head of the
mother-in- mother mothers-in-
compound. The head informs us about what the law law
compound refers to. The other elements of the compound
taxi driver driver taxi drivers
modify the head and are called the head's dependents.
Compound nouns with -ful Compound
nouns with Plural
• Compound nouns with '-ful' (e.g. truckful, handful) may '-ful'
have two possible plurals. The 's' can be added either t:o handful handsful handfuls
• the head noun (e.g. trucksful, handsful) mouthful mouthsful mouthfuls
• or to '-ful ' (e.g. truckfuls, handfuls). spoonful spoonsful spoonfuls
bucketful bucketsful bucketfuls
• It is just a question of consistency.
cupful cupsful cupfuls
truckful trucksful truckfuls

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Compound nouns ending in a preposition Compound Noun Plural
When the compound is formed with a noun and passer-by passers-by
a preposition, (e.g. passer-by), the plural is formed hanger-on hangers-on
by adding an 's' to the noun.
When neither element of a compound is a noun, the Compound Noun Plural
plural is formed by adding 's' to the last word. For
grown-up grown-ups
example, the compound noun 'grown-up' is made of
the word 'grown', which is the past participle of the go-between go-betweens
verb 'grow', and the preposition 'up'. check-in check-ins
higher-up higher-ups
also-ran also-rans

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