The history of the Eiffel Tower

The Eiffel Tower is a famous landmark in Paris. The Eiffel Tower is named after its main designer; the
French metallic structure expert and engineer, Gustave Eiffel. What many people do not know is that the Eiffel
Tower was originally planned to be constructed in Barcelona, for the Universal Exposition in 1888, but the people of
Barcelona did not want it, saying that it was “too expensive and strange”. Instead, Eiffel tried to build the Eiffel
Tower in Paris for the Universal Exposition in 1889 and this time the building was approved.

There were 107 bids submitted to construct the Eiffel Tower, 50 people worked on the design, and more than 100
built the parts. 132 workers assembled the parts on site. Construction began on January 28, 1887 and was
concluded on March 31, 1889. When the tower was built, it was only meant to be kept for 20 years.

During its planning and construction phase, many protested against the construction of the Eiffel Tower. Even after
its construction, the Eiffel Tower was highly controversial amongst the Parisians. 
One famous quote is from novelist Guy de Maupassant, who hated the tower but still went to its
restaurant every day. When asked why, he said it was because it is the only place in Paris where one
cannot see the structure.

After the 20 years , the tower became the property of Paris again. By this time, the city
had learned that the tower could be used to help with communications. The military used the tower
to communicate during battle. The tower was used in the capture of the spy, "Mata Hari”.The Eiffel
Tower also experienced the German occupation of Paris during the Second World War. During the
occupation, the lift cables inside the tower were cut by the French.  This to make sure Hitler had to
take the 1665 stepped stairs if he wanted to scale the top, since the proper parts to repair the lift
wereimpossible to obtain during the war. When visiting Paris, Hitler remained on ground. That’s why
it’s said Hitler conquered France, but he did not conquer the Eiffel tower. At the liberation of Paris in
1944, the Eiffel tower became a symbol of liberty when a French flag, made of three bed sheets sawn
together, was raised on the top of the tower.

So, as time passed, more and more people started to like the building. Today, almost all Parisians
love the tower. The tower is without a doubt one of the most famous buildings in the world. If you
plan to visit it, you won’t be the only one to see the tower, as it is the most visited paid monument in
the world. An estimate of over 200 million people has seen the tower, on site, since its construction
in 1889. Visiting Paris, but not the Eiffel Tower, is no visit at all.

GLOSSARY

landmark [ˈlændmɑːk] - feltűnő építmény, jelenség

to be named after [tə bi ˈneɪmd ˈɑːftə] - valaki után elnevezve lenni
metallic structure [mɪˈtælɪk ˈstrʌktʃ] - fém szerkezet
expert [ˈekspɜːt] - szakértő
to be constructed [tə bi kənˈstrʌktɪd] - megépítve lenni
instead  [ɪnˈsted] - ehelyett
to be approved [tə bi əˈpruːvd] - jóváhagy
to submit a bid [tə səbˈmɪt ə bɪd] - ajánlatot előterjeszt
to assemble [tu əˈsembəl] - összeállít, összeszerel
to be concluded [tə bi kənˈkluːdɪd] - befejezésre kerül
construction phase [kənˈstrʌkʃən feɪz] - építkezési szakasz
to protest against [tə prəˈtest əˈɡenst] - tiltakozik valami ellen
highly controversial  [ˈhaɪli ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːʃəl] - sokat vitatott
novelist [ˈnɒvəlɪst] - regényíró
property of  [ˈprɒpəti ɒv] - valakinek/valaminek a tulajdona
to learn something [tə lɜːn ˈsʌmθɪŋ] - megtud valamit
military [ˈmɪlɪtri] - katonai
battle [ˈbætəl] - csata, harc
to capture  [tə ˈkæptʃə] - elfog
spy [spaɪ] - kém
to experience [tu ɪkˈspɪərɪəns] - megél
occupation [ˌɒkjʊˈpeɪʃən] - valaminek az elfoglalása
cable [ˈkeɪbəl] - kábel
to scale the top [tə skeɪl ðə tɒp] - felmászik valaminek a tetejére
impossible [ɪmˈpɒsəbəl] - lehetetlen
to obtain [tu əbˈteɪn] - megszerez
to remain on ground [tə rɪˈmeɪn ɒn ɡraʊnd] - földön marad
to conquer [tə ˈkɒŋkə] - meghódít, elfoglal
liberation [ˌlɪbəˈreɪʃən] - felszabadítása
bed sheet [bed ʃiːt] - lepedő
sawn together [sɔːn təˈɡeðə] - összevart
without doubt [wɪðˈaʊt daʊt] - kétség kívül
estimate [ˈestɪmeɪt] - becslés