INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE 10, OCTOBER 2019 ISSN 2277-8616

Validation Of Chlorophyll And TSM In Vellar River

By Using Sentinel 2 MSI Southeast Coast Of India
Tamil Nadu
Suthagar Govindaraj, Ayyappan Saravanakumar

Abstract: TSM and chlorophyll-a parameter retrieved from Sentinel-2 and the value for tested using with in-situ data measurement which carried in velar
estuary during January month satellite passing period. Ground measurement TSM ranged from 7.05 to 27.159 (mg/l) .Sentinel derived chlorophyll-a
(Chl-a) and TSM value respectively ranged from (1.52 to 17.10 mg m˄-3) (7.05 to 30.26 mg ˄-3).Water Salinity varied from 31 to 34.8 (PSU) and in-situ
and sentinel-2 C2RCC processor derived chlorophyll and TSM of linier regression plot in correlation coefficient r 2=0.649 and TSM r2=0.7. C2RCC
chlorophyll a algorithms constantly estimates the value of chl-a and TSM either higher or lower. Hence the Current study revealed that the sentinel-2
chlorophyll-a and TSM retrieval from C2RCC need to test for further with wide in-situ data near the vellar estuary to improve algorithm to get more
accurate measurement of chlorophyll and TSM in this regions.

Keyword: Sentinel-2, Chlorophyll-a, TSM, C2RCC, validation

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1. INTRODUCTION Atmospherically-corrected S2 images to map total

The sentinel-2A (S2A) was effectively launched on the 23rd suspended sediment in moderately turbid coastal waters
of June 2015 followed by sentinel-2B also launched in 7th mapping used [14b]. In this context, First evolution of
March 2017 (ESA, http://www.esa.int/ ESA).It contain 13 retriving chlorophyll and TSM in Vellar estuary and goal of
spectral band from the blue to the shortwave infrared this research was to validate sentinel derived parameters
(SWIR) with 10, 20, or 60 m ground resolution(Table.1). like Chlorophyll (Cha-a) and TSM and with respective in-
Manmade activities in coastal regional especially in offshore situ parameter concentration in river Vellar.
construction and dredging effect are spatially determined at
this resolution [28], [27]. The continues changing of rivers TABLE.1
need to assess ecosystem physical and chemical MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF S2-MSI SPECTRAL
characteristics beyond point sampling to realize BANDS
spatiotemporal variation and observing long term and short Central Spatial
Band Bandwidth
term changes such as satellite derived product chlorophyll- S.no
Number
wavelength
(nm)
resolution
a (Chl-a) [10] total suspended matter [20]. One of the key (nm) (m)
parameters as well as pigment known as chlorophyll which 1 1 443 20 60
is present in phytoplankton (chl a) which indicate trophic 2 2 490 65 10
status of water. Through photosynthesis CO2 and H2O in 3 3 560 35 10
the phytoplankton converts O2 and is responsible for 4 4 665 30 10
primary production in the water column [12], [6]. For 5 5 705 15 20
estimating chlorophyll-a (chl-a) algorithms originally 6 6 740 15 20
developed for marine waters with band at blue and green 7 7 783 20 20
region of the electromagnetic spectrum [1], [4], [3].Many of 8 8 842 115 10
algorithms are designed for specific sensors such as
9 8a 865 20 20
MERIS, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spetroradiometer
10 9 945 20 60
(MODIS), Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor
11 10 1380 30 60
(SeaWiFS) and sensors of Landsat mission. The huge
12 11 1610 90 20
pixel size (> 250 m) of standard ocean colour products
13 12 2190 180 20
limits their use at minor spatial scales related to
inland waters [13].
2. Study area
The present study was carried out in the vellar estuary
which is located in southeast coast of India in (Lat 11°29’N;
Long 79° 46’E).Vellar river connect to open sea throughout
the year and demarcated freshwater, tidal marine gradient
________________________________ zone [18]. It has annual flood phase between Monsoon
season (October, November, and December).
 Suthagar Govindaraj Centre of Advanced Studies in Marine
Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University,
Parangipettai – 608502, Tamilnadu, India.
 Email ID: rg.sutha786@gmail.com, Phone: +91 9629626975
 Ayyappan Saravanakumar, Associate Professor, Centre of
Advanced Studies in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences,
Annamalai University, Parangipettai – 608502, Tamilnadu, India.
Email ID: asarvaan@gmail.com, Phone: +91 9443610371

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 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE 10, OCTOBER 2019
Figure.1 Study area map of vellar estuary
3. Material and Methods
The in-situ water sampling were conducted in vellar estuary
near 25 sampling station one by one toward mouth to land
face were fixed to validate chlorophyll-a (chl-a) and TSM
parameters over satellite passing time. Niskin water
sampler are used to collect water sampler and water
transparency was measured by secchi disk depth (ZSD)
disk in the depth into the water is inversely proportional to
the average amount of organic and inorganic matters along
the path of sight in the water [15]. The salinity was
measured by In-situ chlorophyll was extracted with help of
90% acetone and spectrophotometerial quantification was
done at 630,645, and 665 nm, 90% acetone was an
effective extractant when the extraction period was
improved for the dominant species in the water sample [23].
For in-situ TSM measurement were well mixed sample in
container filtered through pre-weighed polycarbonate filter
(Whatmann, 0.45 μm). Due to cell wall rupture initiated by
osmotic gradiant when rinsing with Milli-Q water and
associated loss of cellular material is certainly lower than
the overestimation due to residual salt on the filter
[26].Then further measurement measured by Sartorius
electronic balance with seven place precision. Afterward
filter papers were dried at 75oC for 24 hrs by care them in
between aluminum foil and weighed over to assess the
TSM in terms of mgl−1 [9].
a. Sentinel 2 Chl-a and TSM estimation
Sentinel-2B MSI (Multi Spectral Image) Download from
the website sentinels.copernicus.eu in the month of
January 2018. The data were further processed by
sentinel toolbox application platform (SNAP 6.0)
atmosphere correction carried by Sen2Cor and further
extraction of chlorophyll and TSM pixel value are
obtained by C2RCC processor by using SNAP 6.0.
The Case 2 Regional processor, originally developed
by [5]. C2RCC processor development steps are
mentioned below (Fig.2).The finding of the water
leaving radiance from the top of atmosphere
radiances, as well as the retrieval of inherent optical
properties of the water body.
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ISSN 2277-8616
Figure.2 Schematic of the C2RCC development process
4. Results and Discussion
In the present study of vellar estuary depth ranges varied
from 1.5 to12 (m) and Maximum depth observed in (Lat-
11.509, Long-79.782) and Minimum in (Lat-11.45, Long-
79.70) ST-22(Fig-3).Salinity in water varied from 31 to 34.8
(PSU) less salinity were observed in (Lat-11.503, Long-
79.785) ST-2 and Higher salinity recorded in (Lat-11.509,
Long-79.782) ST-1(Fig-4) In coastal ecosystem Floral and
faunal diversity also influenced by salinity factor. [8], [22],
[24] High and Low level of salinity may cause by tidal
fluctuation and water in the reference site influx [11], [25].
The In-situ chlorophyll-a range from 1.09 to 10.09 (µg/l)
high concentration of chlorophyll-a observed in in ST-4 (Lat-
11.493, Long-79.774) lowest recorded in ST-23 (Lat-
11.455, Long-79.705) (Fig-5). Ground measurement TSM
ranged from 7.05 to 27.159 (mg/l) minimum in ST-25 (Lat-
11.453, Long-79.700), maximum in ST-10 (Lat-11.473,
Long-79.743) (Fig-6). Sentinel derived chlorophyll-a (Chl-a)
and TSM value respectively ranged from (1.52 to 17.10 mg
m˄-3) (Fig-7), (7.05 to 30.26 mg ˄-3) (Fig-8).The
comparison of in-situ with sentinel-2 derived chlorophyll-a
estimated value 40% underestimation in which data point
spread below the 1:1 line (Fig.9) and in-situ and sentinel-2
derived chlorophyll of linier regression plot in correlation
coefficient is 0.649 (Fig.10) in which data point fall above or
below 95% confident band propose measured value are
higher or lower than they should be in natural water.
Similarly [2] retrieved chl-a from Estonian lakes correlation
coefficient of R2=0.7. Maybe, the overestimation of
chlorophyll could be due to the interference of suspended
sediment and CDOM in the water leaving radiances.
Besides this, other possible sources of errors are also
identified and are bottom effects [19]. Significant TSM input
from rain by south west monsoon into the sea [17]. For in-
situ and sentinel-2 derived TSM the comparison plot
(Fig.11) shows 32% over estimation which clearly depict in
1:1 plot and correlation coefficient of 0.584 (Fig.12) and
95% confidence line suggest Higher or less than they
should be in natural water. Several studies carried in
Tamilnadu coastal water [16], [21].
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Figures 3 & 4 showing in-situ value of Depth and Salinity

Figures 7 & 8 shows Sentinel derived chlorophyll-a and

TSM

Figures 5 & 6 shows in-situ value of Chlorophyll-a and

TSM

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5. Conclusion
S2-MSI is mainly designed for vegetation application,
mangrove region and case-2 water therefore it must be
compare to different processors. In this study 25 sampling
station with C2RCC processor were tested to validate with
in-situ and S2 derived TM and Chl-a, and study revealed
sentinel derived chlorophyll is average underestimating and
S2-TSM were also slightly over estimated. However
standard C2RCC chlorophyll a algorithms constantly
estimates the value of chl-a and TSM either higher or lower.
For improving validation need further more in-situ data and
essentially compared with various processor need to be
validate both TSM and chlorophyll.

Figures 9 &10 comparison and regression plot of in-situ vs.
Sentinel-2 derived Chl-a
6. Acknowledgement
The authors would like to be grateful to Dean and Director
of CAS in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and
authorities of Annamalai University for providing facilities.
We would like to express funding agency and deep
gratitude to Space application centre for providing a funding
support.

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