8/3/2010

Prevention Types

Primary Prevention-
Prevention- aimed at those who
have not yet tried the substance. Abstinence
Prevention or attitudes toward drug is the goal.
Secondary Prevention - aimed at those who
Chapter 17 have tried substances. The goal is usually
prevention of the use of more dangerous
drugs, or prevention of more dangerous
forms of substances already used.
Tertiary Prevention - Relapse prevention.

Prevention Types Prevention in the School

Universal- program for an entire

Universal-
population. Ex. School children.
Selective-- high risk groups in the
Selective
population. Ex. Poor neighborhoods.
Indicated-- individuals showing signs of
Indicated
developing problems. Ex. DUI.
Knowledge--Attitude
Knowledge Attitude--Behavioral Model:
– The belief increased knowledge would lead to
attitude changes which would affect behavior.
– Sometimes scare tactics, sometimes dry facts.
– Used in early formation of prevention strategies.
– Studies indicated knowledge was increased but
behavior did not change.
– However, study indicated although use
increased, there was not a drastic escalation of
use as in the control group.
Didn’t bring abstinence, but better decision making in
regard to substances.

Prevention in the School Prevention in the School

Affective Education: prevention focused on Anti Drug Norms:

emotional rewards of substance use. – Refusal skills
skills-- practiced, assertiveness
– Values Clarification
Clarification-- teaching students to analyze training.
andd clarify
l if their
th i own values.l – Drug Free Schools Program-
Program- 1986,
– Alternatives to Drugs-
Drugs- evaluating affective states developed by federal government,
desired thru drugs, and determining healthier provided monies for the implementation
alternative. or enhancement of drug prevention
– Personal and Social Skills
Skills-- involvement in activities. To qualify schools must teach
activities, sports, other success experiences (ex. that “illicit drug use is wrong and
running a student store). harmful.”

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Prevention in the School Prevention in the School

Social Influence Model: DARE: Drug Abuse Resistance

– Used for tobacco use. Education
Training
g refusal skills – Most widely used and accepted.
Public Commitment – Uses social influence model for tobacco,
Countering Advertising
Advertising-- provides alternatives adapted for substances.
to advertising. – Utilizes police to deliver message.
Normative Education-
Education- challenges – Studies indicate little effectiveness.
overestimation. – Remains most widespread prevention
Use of Teen Leaders program.

Peers, Parents, & the Peers, Parents, & the

Community Community
Peer programs
programs--most are in school Parent and Family Programs
– Informational Programs
Programs-- information provided to
setting, but some use community the parents regarding substances, what to look
based service pprograms
g YMCA,, for, current substances of abuse, etc.
– Parenting
P ti Skill
Skills- communication,
Skills- i ti decision
d i i
Recreation centers. making skills, setting goals and limits, and
saying no to your child.
– Peer influence – Parent Support Groups
– Peer participation-
participation-youth at high risk
risk-- – Family Interaction
Interaction-- families work together as a
usually provides a place for young people unit to examine, discuss, and confront substance
related issues. Tends to improve family
to take part in important decision making. communication and strengthens parents
knowledge and skill.

Peers, Parents, & the Peers, Parents, & the

Community Community
Community Programs: Prevention in the workplace:
– Organizes prevention programs at the – Drug free workplace
community level.
All businesses that obtain g
grants or contracts
– A coordinated
di t d effort
ff t bbetween
t schools,
h l parents t from the government must adopt a drug free
and peer groups, civic organizations, police, workplace plan.
newspapers, radio and television can have a
Plans are up to the company, and are meant
great impact.
to prevent drug use by letting it be known
– Can utilize a great deal of resources, ie: that substance use is not condoned.
providing alcohol free dances, developing
recreational activities.