Basicview-2020 International - PDF

Basic View  AvšÍR©vwZK, evsjv‡`k, f~‡Mvj I mykvmb  wewmGm wcÖwj cÖv_©x‡ì Rb¨ 129
f~-ivRbxwZ (Geo-Politics) [********]

wb‡`©kbv: f~-ivRbxwZ †_‡K cÖkœ Avm‡eB| GB As‡k fv‡jv Ki‡Z n‡j †g․wj‡Ki cvkvcvwk mv¤úªwZK I Pjgvb
Z‡_ï w`‡K bRi w`‡Z n‡e| f~-ivRbxwZi Z_¨¸‡jv wjwLZ‡ZI ¸iæZ¡ enb K‡i _v‡K| ZvB GB As‡k fv‡jv
cÖ¯‘wZ ivLv Riæwi| g¨v‡ci mvnvh¨ wb‡q co–b| mgy`ªmxgv AvBb, mxgvšÍ, †f․‡MvwjK we‡iva I Dcwb‡ek LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
weMZ cÖkœ:
01. RvwZmsN mgy`ª AvBb KZ mv‡j ¯^vÿwiZ n‡qwQj? [40Zg]
K. 1979 mv‡j L. 1982 mv‡j M. 1983 mv‡j N. 1998 mv‡j DËi: L
e¨vL¨v: RvwZms‡Ni mgy`ªwelqK AvBb ev United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
n‡jv 1982 mv‡j mgy`ªwelqK Z…Zxq RvwZmsN m‡¤§j‡b ¯^vÿwiZ GKwU Pzw³i bvg| m‡¤§jbwU 1973 mvj †_‡K
1982 mvj ch©šÍ wbDBq‡K© n‡qwQj| 1982 mv‡j m‡¤§j‡bi wm×všÍ AvB‡b iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| 1994 mv‡j
International Tribunal for Law of the Sea (ITLOS) cÖwZôvi gva¨‡g Kvh©Ki nq|
02. ¸qvg Gi Mfb©‡ii bvg n‡”QÑ (38Zg)
K. G¨vwW K¨vj‡fv L. †Wvbvì WvK M. ib eøyg N. †Møb †eK DËi: K
e¨vL¨v: hy³iv‡óªi 13wU Unincorporated territories of the United States [hy³iv‡óªi miKvi Av‡Q wKš‘
hy³iv‡óªi Ask bq] Gi GKwU n‡jv ¸qvg| Unincorporated territories of the United States AÂ‡ji RbMY
gvwK©b cvm‡cvU© eënvi K‡i bv| ¸qvg cÖkvšÍ gnvmvM‡ii gvB‡µv‡bwkqv AÂ‡j Aew¯’Z| 1888 mv‡j †¯ú‡bi
KvQ †_‡K hy³ivóª ¸qvg‡K `Lj K‡i †bq| Gi ivRavbx nvMvbv| DËi †Kvwiqv ¸qvg‡K Avµg‡Yi ûgwK †`qvq
†Wvbvì Uªv¤ú ¸qvg‡K gvwK©b 51Zg A½ivR¨ Kivi cÖ¯Íve K‡i‡Qb|
03. Law of the sea convention Abyhvqx DcK~j †_‡K KZ `~iZ¡ ch©šÍ Exclusive Economic Zone wn‡m‡e MY¨? (37Zg)
K. 22 bwUK¨vj gvBj L. 44 bwUK¨vj gvBj M. 200 bwUK¨vj gvBj N. 370 bwUK¨vj gvBj DËi: M
e¨vL¨v: mve©Rbxb mgy`ª AvBb- 1982 [United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea; 1982] Gi 57
Aby‡”Q` Abyhvqx GK‡PwUqv A_©‣bwZK AÂj Aek¨B wfwË‡iLv †_‡K 200 bwUK¨vj gvB‡ji AwaK n‡e bv|
A_©vr, DcK~jxq ev AvÂwjK mgy‡`ªi 12 bwUK¨vj gvBj e¨ZxZ Gi •`N¨© n‡e 188 bwUK¨vj gvBj| Avi
Exclusive Economic Zone Gi c‡ii AÂj n‡jv gy³ mgy`ª AÂj|
04. Kvjvcvwb †Kvb `yB iv‡óªi g‡a¨ AwggvswmZ f~-LÐ? (37Zg)
K. fviZ I †bcvj L. cvwK¯Ívb I Pxb M. fzUvb I fviZ N. evsjv‡`k I fviZ DËi:K
e¨vL¨v: Kvjvcvwb ¯’vbwU fvi‡Zi DËiLÐ I †bcv‡ji gnvKvwji gv‡S Aew¯’Z| 1962 mv‡j fviZ-Pxb hy‡×i
ci fviZxq mxgvšÍiÿx‡ì g‡a¨ B‡›`v-wZeŸwZ evwnbx Kvjvcvwb‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i Avm‡Q| 2015 mv‡j †bcv‡j
msweavb nevi c‡i Kvjvcvwb mxgv‡šÍ D‡ËRbv †`Lv w`‡qwQj|2019 mv‡j fvi‡Zi gvbwP‡Î Kvjvcvwb‡K AšÍf©~³
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
05. m‡jvgb-ØxccyÄ †Kvb gnvmvM‡i Aew¯’Z? (37Zg)
K. fviZ L. cÖkvšÍ gnvmvMi M. AvUjvw›UK gnvmvMi N. AvK©wUK gnvmvMi DËi: L
e¨vL¨v: 140 wWwMÖ c~e© `ªvwNgv †iLvi Wv‡b cÖkvšÍ gnvmvMi I ev‡g fviZ gnvmvM‡ii mxgv| m‡jvgb, gvk©vj
ØxccyÄ, fvbyqvZz, Uzf¨vjy, †Uv½vmn cÖf…wZ †`k cÖkvšÍ gnvmvM‡i Aew¯’Z| Aciw`‡K A‡÷ªwjqv, B‡›`v‡bwkqvi
Øxcmg~n, kÖxjsKv, gvjØxc, wm‡mwjm, gwikvmmn cÖf…wZ †`k fviZ gnvmvM‡i Aew¯’Z; AvBmj¨vÛ I evigyWv
AvUjvw›UK gnvmvM‡i Ges wMÖbj¨vÛ AvK©wUK ev DËi gnvmvM‡i Aew¯’Z|
06. my‡qR Lvj Pvjy nq? (36Zg)
K. 1903 L. 1869 M. 1889 N. 1854 DËi: L
To know the explanation of confusion... Join fb group: View for GK
130 Basic View  AvšÍR©vwZK, evsjv‡`k, f~‡Mvj I mykvmb  wewmGm wcÖwj cÖv_©x‡ì Rb¨
e¨vL¨v: f~ga¨mvMi †_‡K †jvwnZ mvMi hvIqvi Rb¨ weª‡Ub 1859 mv‡j divwm cÖ‡K․kjx‡ì w`‡q wgk‡ii Ô†cvU©
•mq`Õ e›ì †_‡K Ô†cvU© ZIwdKÕ ch©šÍ my‡qR Lvj Lbb K‡i| 193 wK‡jvwgUvi (120 gvBj) •`‡N©ï my ‡qR
Lvj 1869 mv‡j PjvP‡ji Rb¨ Ly‡j †`qv nq| 2014 mv‡j 35 wK‡jvwgUvi •`‡N©ï wØZxq my‡qR Lvj Pvjy nq|
07. wb‡Pi †Kvb ivóª me©vwaK iv‡óªi mv‡_ mxgvbvhy³? (36Zg)
K. fviZ L. Pxb M. wgqvbgvi N. AvdMvwb¯Ívb DËi: L
e¨vL¨v: AwaK mxgvšÍ‡ewóZ †`k ivwkqvi †gvU mxgvšÍ •`N¨©: 20,241 wK‡jvwgUvi| wKš‘ AwaK †`‡ki mv‡_ mxgvšÍ
Av‡Q Px‡b| Pxb I ivwkqv Dfq †`‡ki mv‡_B 14wU K‡i ¯^vaxb †`‡ki mxgvšÍ Av‡Q, Z‡e Px‡bi mv‡_ civaxb
2wU †`‡ki mxgvšÍ _vKvq AwaK †`‡ki mxgvšÍ †j‡M Av‡Q Ggb cÖkœ Avm‡j Pxb DËi Ki‡Z n‡e| Aciw`‡K,
fvi‡Zi mv‡_ 6wU [evsjv‡`k (†ewk), cvwK¯Ívb, Pxb, wgqvbgvi, †bcvj I fzUvb]; wgqvbgv‡ii mv‡_ 5wU
[evsjv‡`k, fviZ, Pxb, jvIm I _vBj¨vÛ] Ges AvdMvwb¯Ív‡bi mv‡_ 6wU [cvwK¯Ívb, Bivb, Pxb, Zz‡K©‡gwb¯Ívb,
ZvwRwK¯Ívb I DR‡ewK¯Ívb] †`‡ki mxgvšÍ †j‡M Av‡Q|
08. cÖkvšÍ gnvmvM‡i hy³iv‡óªi mßg †b․en‡ii mì `ßi n‡”QÑ (35Zg)
K. BD‡KvmyK L. †Mvqvg M. nvIqvB N. myweK †e DËi: K
e¨vL¨v: 1943 mv‡j gvwK©b 7g †b․eni cÖwZôv Kiv nq| gvwK©b mßg †b․ en‡i Av‡Q 70-80wU RvnvR, 300wU
hy× wegvb Ges cÖvq 40,000 †mbv| mßg †b․en‡ii cÖ_g †K›`ª wQj A‡÷ªwjqvi weªm‡e‡b| eZ©gv‡b gvwK©b mßg
†b․en‡ii †K›`ª Aew¯’Z Rvcv‡bi BDKzmyK‡Z| GQvovI, gvwK©b cÂg †b․en‡ii †K›`ª Av‡Q cvim¨ DcmvM‡i
Aew¯’Z evnivB‡bi wgbv m‡jvgb Øxccy‡Ä| Aciw`‡K, cÖkvšÍ gnvmvM‡ii ¸qvg‡K hy³ivóª 1888 mv‡j †¯úb
†_‡K `Lj K‡i †bq| GwU hy³iv‡óªi 17wU non-self governing AÂ‡ji GKwU; cÖkvšÍ gnvmvM‡ii wdwjcvB‡bi
myweK †e 2012 mvj ch©šÍ wQ‡jv gvwK©b mvgwiK NvuwU Ges cÖkvšÍ gnvmvM‡ii nvIqvB Øx‡c Aew¯’Z mvgwiKfv‡e
¸iæZ¡c~Y© cvj© nvievi|
09. gsWz †Kvb `ywU †`‡ki mxgvšÍ GjvKv? (35Zg)
K. evsjv‡`k-wgqvbgvi L. evsjv‡`k-fviZ M. wgqvbgvi-Pxb N. fviZ-wgqvbgvi DËi: K
e¨vL¨v: wgqvbgv‡i gsWz I evsjv‡`‡ki K·evRvi †Rjv msjMœ Nyba~g AÂj `yB †`‡ki gv‡S we‡ivac~Y©|
wgqvbgv‡ii m¤úªwZ †m›U gvwU©b `vwe K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZev‡ì m¤§yLxb n‡q‡Q| Aciw`‡K, fviZ I
evsjv‡`‡ki g‡a¨ wbg©j Pi, gyûixi Pi I cvjøvZj Pv evMvb wb‡q we‡iva Pj‡Q|
10. eZ©gvb we‡k¦ wbD wmé †ivW Gi cÖe³vÑ (35Zg)
K. Rvcvb L. AvdMvwb¯Ívb M. fviZ N. Pxb DËi: N
e¨vL¨v: Gwkqv, BD‡ivc I Avwd«Kv GB 3 gnv‡`ke¨vcx AeKvVv‡gv wbg©vY I †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ Pxbv †cÖwm‡W›U wk
wPb wcs‡qi cwiKíbvB n‡jv wbD wmé †ivW| Gi Awdwmqvj bvg ÔIqvb †eë, Iqvb †ivWÕ I Ô†eë G¨vÛ †ivW
Bwbwk‡qwUfÕ| wk wPb wcs 2013 mv‡j GB cwiKíbv †NvlYv K‡ib| Pxb Pvq GB cÖK‡íi AvIZvq †hb •ewk¦K
cÖe„w×i 40% _v‡K|
Gi Av‡M 2011 mv‡j gvwK©b ciivóªgš¿x wnjvwi wK¬bUb †PbœvB‡q GK •eV‡K TAPI Project Gi ¸iæZ¡ eySv‡Z
ÔwbD wmé †ivW BwbwmqvwUfm di †m›Uªvj G¨vÛ mvD_ GwkqvÕ kãwU eënvi K‡iwQ‡jb| Turkeministan-
Afghanistan-Pakistan-India Pipeline GB cÖ‡R‡±i AšÍf©~³| Aciw`‡K, fvi‡Zi cwiKíbvi bvg ÔKUb †ivWÕ
Ges fviZ I Rvcvb †h․_ cwiKíbvi bvg Ôwd«Wg †ivWÕ|
11. 1982 mv‡ji mgy`ª AvBb msµvšÍ Kb‡fbkb Abyhvqx GKwU DcK~jxq iv‡óªi gnx‡mvcv‡bi (Continental
Shelf) mxgv n‡e wfwË‡iLv n‡ZÑ (35Zg)
K. 200 bwUK¨vj gvBj L. 350 bwUK¨vj gvBj M. 300 bwUK¨vj gvBj N. 450 bwUK¨vj gvBj DËi: L

e¨vL¨v: wfwË‡iLv (me©‡kl fvUv) †_‡K mgy‡`ªi w`‡K AMfxi AÂjB gnx‡mvcvb| 1958 mv‡ji Convention on
the Continental Shelf Abymv‡i DcK~j †_‡K 200 bwUK¨vj AÂj‡K gnx‡mvcvb ejv n‡qwQj| cieZ©x‡Z
mve©Rbxb mgy`ª AvBb- 1982 [United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea; 1982] Gi 76 (5) Aby‡”Q`
Abyhvqx †hme †`‡k A_©‣bwZK mgy`ª mxgvi (200 bwUK¨vj gvBj) c‡i AMfxi mgy`ª Av‡Q †mme †`‡ki
gnx‡mvcvb _vK‡e Ges Zv n‡e 350 bwUK¨vj gvBj| Z‡e, †hme AÂ‡j 350 bwUK¨vj gvB‡ji c‡iI hw`
AMfxi mgy`ª Zv‡K Zvn‡j †mme AÂ‡j gnx‡mvcvb AMfxi AÂ‡ji cy‡ ivUvB n‡e| †hgb, evsjv‡`‡ki
gnx‡mvcvb 354 bwUK¨vj gvBj| Aciw`‡K, DcK~j †_‡K 200 bwUK¨vj gvB‡ji c‡ii AÂj n‡e gy³ mgy`ª
[Z‡e gnx‡mvcvb _vK‡j Zvi ci †_‡K n‡e gy³ mgy`ª]| gy³ mgy`ª AÂ‡j me †`‡ki AwaKvi _v‡K|
AvšÍR©vwZK mgy`ª AvBb (UNCLOS) [*******]
 UNCLOS: United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea.
 cwiPq: mgy`ªmxgv msµvšÍ m‡e©v”P AvBb
 G ch©šÍ UNCLOS n‡q‡Q: 3wU
UNCLOS I: UNCLOS II: UNCLOS III:
 m‡¤§jb: 1956-1958  m‡¤§jb: 1960-62  m‡¤§jb: 1973-82
 m‡¤§jb¯’j: †R‡bfv  AvBb P~ovšÍ: nqwb  AvBb P~ovšÍ: 1982
 AvBb P~ovšÍ: 1958 mv‡j  m‡¤§jb¯’j: †R‡bfv  m‡¤§jb¯’j: wbDBqK©
 we‡kl Z_¨: gnx‡mvcvb  Kvh©Ki nq: 1994 mv‡j
Kb‡fbkb wn‡m‡e cwiwPwZ cvq  ¯^vÿiKvix: 157wU †Mvôx
 we‡kl Z_¨: mgy`ªmxgv msµvšÍ m‡e©v”P AvBb
1958 mv‡ji gnx‡mvcvb Kb‡fbkb I 1982 mv‡ji UNCLOS III Abyhvqx mgy`ªmxgv AvB‡bi welqe¯‘ wb¤œiƒc:
mgy`ª ZU‡iLv DcK~jxq †h †iLv n‡Z mgy‡`ªi w`‡K GKwU iv‡óªi mgy`ª AÂj gvcv nq ZvB wfwË
(Base Line/ Low water †iLv ev ZU‡iLv| A_©vr fvuUvi me©‡kl c‡q›UB n‡jv wfwË †iLv|
line) AvBbMZ Ae¯’vb: GLv‡b DcK~jxq iv‡óªi GK”QÎ mve©‡f․gZ¡ eRvq _vK‡e|
Af¨šÍixY Rjmxgv AvÂwjK mgy‡`ªi wfwË‡iLv n‡Z ¯’jfvM ch©šÍ †h Rjivwk Zv DcK~jeZ©x iv‡óªi
(Inland / Internal Waters) Af¨šÍixY Rjivwk|
AvÂwjK mxgv/ ivR‣bwZK mgy`ª ZU‡iLv n‡Z mgy‡`ªi w`‡K 12 bwUK¨vj gvBj [Drmt Aby (3), UNCLOS
mxgv/ DcK~jxq mxgv/ III]
Territorial Self AvBbMZ Ae¯’vb: DcK~jxq ivóª GB AÂ‡ji mgy‡`ªi Dc‡ii evqygÐj (air space),
mgy‡`ªi Zj‡`k I AšÍf©~wgi (Subsoil) Dci mve©‡f․gZ¡ cv‡e|
msjMœ AÂj wfwË †iLv n‡Z 24 bwUK¨vj gvBj GjvKv ev DcK~jxqmxgvi c‡i 12 bwUK¨vj gvBj|
(Contiguous Zone) msjMœ AÂ‡ji Dci DcK~jxq iv‡óªi AvwacZ¨ wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ G AÂj‡K
PviwU fv‡M fvM Kiv nq| h_vt
i. ïé AÂj (Customs Zone)
ii. grm¨ wkKvi AÂj (Fishing Zone)
iii. ¯^v¯’¨ msµvšÍ AÂj (Sanitary Zone)
iv. Awfevmb AÂj (Immigration Zone)
GK‡PwUqv A_©‣bwZK wfwË‡iLv n‡Z 200 bwUK¨vj gvBj| A_©vr AvÂwjK mgy`ª e¨ZxZ Gi •`N¨© 188
AÂj bwUK¨vj gvBj (Aby:57, UNCLOS III)
(Exclusive Economic DcK~jxq iv‡óªi AwaKvi:
Zone)  K…wÎg Øxc, ¯’vcbv (Installation) I KvVv‡gv wbg©vY I eënvi|
 mvgyw`&ªK •eÁvwbK M‡elYv (Scientific Research)
 mvgyw`ªK cwi‡ek iÿY I msiÿY|
gy³ mvMi wfwË †iLv †_‡K 200 bwUK¨vj gvB‡ji cieZ©x we¯ÍxY© I Mfxi Rjivwk|
(High Seas) AwaKvi:
DcK~jeZ©x †nvK Avi f~-†ewóZ †nvK, me iv‡óªi Rb¨ Mfxi mgy`ª Db¥y³ _vK‡e|
mgy‡`ª wb‡¤œi ¯^vaxbZv¸‡jv †fvM Ki‡e:
i. †b․ Pvjbvi ¯^vaxbZv;
ii. Dci¯’ evqygÐ‡j wegvb PjvP‡ji ¯^vaxbZv;
iii. AvšÍtmvMixq †hvMv‡hvM Zvi (mve‡gwib K¨vej) I cvBcjvBb ¯’vc‡bi ¯^vaxbZv
iv. K…wÎg Øxc Ges AvšÍR©vwZK AvB‡bi Øviv Aby‡gvw`Z Ab¨vb¨ ¯’vcbv wbg©v‡Yi
¯^vaxbZv;
v. grm¨ wkKv‡ii ¯^vaxbZv;
vi. •eÁvwbK M‡elYvi ¯^vaxbZv|
gnx‡mvcvb 1982 mv‡ji UNCLOS III Gi Aby‡”Q` 76(1) Abymv‡i,
(Continental Shelf) †Kv‡bv DcK~jeZ©x iv‡óªi DcK~j †_‡K AMfxi mgy`ªvÂj‡K gnx‡mvcvb e‡j| 200
bwUK¨vj gvB‡ji c‡i hw` AMfxi mgy`ª _v‡K Zvn‡j DcK~jxq †`k 350 bwUK¨vj
gvBj gnx‡mvcvb wn‡m‡e †fvM K‡i _v‡K| cÖKvk _v‡K †h, 350 bwUK¨vj gvB‡ji
c‡iI hw` AMfxi mgy`ª _v‡K Zvn‡j Zvi meUzKz cv‡e DcK~jxq †`k| ZvB †Zv,
evsjv‡`‡ki gnx‡mvcv‡bi •`N©¨ 354 bwUK¨vj gvBj|
DcK~jxq iv‡óªi AwaKvi:
AbymÜvb, cwiPvjbv I cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì mØënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
Z‡e, DcK~jxq ivóª 200 bwUK¨vj gvB‡ji evB‡i AviI 150 bwUK¨vj gvBj
GjvKvq D‡ËvwjZ m¤ú‡ì Av‡qi GKUv Ask mgy`ª Zj‡`k KZ©„cÿ International
Seabed Authority (ISBA, 1994, Jamaica) †K cÖ`vb Ki‡e|
Z_vwcI gnx‡mvcv‡bi mxgv wb‡q wecixZag©x iv‡óªi g‡a¨ wewfbœ gZwe‡iva †_‡K
AvšÍR©vwZK AvB‡b `yÕwU bxwZi D™¢e N‡U‡Q|
i. mg`~i‡Z¡i bxwZ (Equidistance Principle)
ii. b¨vh¨Zvi bxwZ (Principle of Equity)

we:`ª: evsjv‡`‡ki mv‡_ fviZ I wgqvbgv‡ii mgy`ªmxgv we‡iv‡ai wggvsmv n‡q‡Q
b¨vh¨Zvi bxwZ‡Z|
cÖKvk _v‡K †h, 1 bwUK¨vj= 1.853wg:
1 wKD‡mK cvwb= 28.318 wjUvi/†m‡KÛ
Abykxjbx:
01. mgy`ªmxgv wb‡q we‡iva †gvKv‡ejvq †Kvb `ywU wel‡q jÿ¨ ivLv nq?
K. †¯ªvZaviv I wfwË‡iLv L. †¯ªvZaviv I mg`~iZ¡ M. b¨vh¨Zv I wfwË‡iLv N. mg`~iZ¡ I b¨vh¨Zv 01: N
02. evsjv‡`k wgqvbgv‡ii weiæ‡× mgy`ªmxgv gvgjvwU K‡i †KvbwUi wfwË‡Z?
K. gnx‡mvcv‡bi dqmvjv L. †¯ªvZaviv M. mg`~iZ¡ N. b¨vh¨Zv 02: N
03. gy³ mgy‡`ª †h‡Kvb †`k KZwU AwaKvi jvf K‡i?
K. 04wU L. 05wU M. 06wU N. 03wU 03: M
04. EEZ-
K. Exclusive Economic Zone L. Especial Economic Zone
M. External Economic Zone N. Explosive Economic Zone 04: K
05. DcK~jxq †`‡ki msjMœ mxgv KZ?
K. 48 bwUK¨vj gvBj L. 12 bwUK¨vj gvBj M. 24 bwUK¨vj gvBj N. 36 bwUK¨vj gvBj 05: M
06. gnx‡mvcvb Kb‡fbkbwU KZ mv‡j nq?
K. 1959 L. 1958 M. 1982 N. 1977 06: L
07. gnx‡mvcvb KZ bwUK¨vj gvB‡ji Kg n‡e bv?
K. 354 L. 250 M. 200 N. 350 07: M
08. AvÂwjK ev ivR‣bwZK mgy`ªmxgv KZ?
K. wbw`©ó bq L. 12 bwUK¨vj gvBj M. 24 bwUK¨vj gvBj N. 200 bwUK¨vj gvBj 08: L
09. wfwË‡iLv †_‡K DcK~j ch©šÍ AÂj‡K ejv nqÑ
K. Af¨šÍixY Rjmxgv L. msjMœ mxgv M. DcK~jxq mxgv N. ivR‣bwZK mxgv 09: K
evsjv‡`‡ki mgy`ªmxgv gvgjvi ivq
welqe¯‘ wgqvbgv‡ii wec‡ÿ fvi‡Zi wec‡ÿ
gvgjv 2009 2009
gvgjvi wfwË b¨vh¨Zv b¨vh¨Zv
Av`vjZ International Tribunal for Law of thw Sea Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA).
(ITLOS). cÖwZôv: 1994| mì `ßi: nvgeyM©, cÖwZôv: 1899| mì `ßi: w` †nM,
Rvg©vwb| †b`vij¨vÛm|
wePviK 21 Rb 5 Rb
ivq 14 gvP©, 2012 7 RyjvB, 2014
djvdj evsjv‡`k 20-1 †fv‡U Rqjvf K‡i evsjv‡`k 4-1 †fv‡U Rqjvf K‡i
evsjv‡`‡ki 1,11,631 eM© wK. wg GjvKv jvf Ges mgy‡`ª 19,467 eM© wK. wg GjvKv jvf Ges mgy‡`ª
AR©b wgqvbgv‡ii `vwe Kiv 17wU †Zj-M¨vm eø‡Ki fvi‡Zi `vwe Kiv 10wU †Zj-M¨vm eø‡Ki
g‡a¨ meKwU evsjv‡`k cvq| g‡a¨ meKwU evsjv‡`k cvq|
mgy‡`ª evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU AvqZb: 1, 18, 813 eM© wK. wg| [wKQz Ask `yB c‡ÿi g‡a¨ _vKvq Zv evwZj n‡e]
Abykxjbx:
01. evsjv‡`k I fvi‡Zi g‡a¨ mgy‡`ª we‡ivac~Y© AÂj wQjÑ
K. 45, 464 eM© wK. wg L. 70, 124 eM© wK. wg M. 19, 467 eM© wK. wg N. 25, 602 eM© wK. wg 01: N
02. evsjv‡`k I fvi‡Zi mgy`ªmxgv gvgjv iv‡q †KvbwU‡K wfwË aiv nq?
K. 1972 mv‡ji •gÎx Pzw³ L. 1974 mv‡ji mgy`ª AvBb M. 1980 mv‡ji gvbwPÎ N. i¨vWwK¬d †iLv 02: N
03. fvi‡Zi weiæ‡× iv‡q evsjv‡`k gnx‡mvcv‡bi AwaKvi jvf K‡i KZ?
K. 600 bwUK¨vj gvBj L. 445 bwUK¨vj gvBj M. 354 bwUK¨vj gvBj N. 250 bwUK¨vj gvBj 03: M
f~-ivRbxwZi mv‡_ RwoZ welqvw` [****]
f~-ivRbxwZi Bmy¨ e¨vL¨v
f~-ivRbxwZ (geo- ¯’vb (Space/geo) I ivRbxwZi (Politics) g‡a¨ m¤úK©| Geo-Politics kãwU cÖ_g
politics) eënvi K‡ib iæWjd K¨vR‡jb bvgK GKRb myBwWk ivóªweÁvbx|
f~-A_©bxwZ cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki evqy, cvwb, b`-b`x, cvnvo-ce©Z cÖf…wZi hv wKQz Drcv`b Kv‡R
mnvqK Zv meB f~-A_©bxwZi AšÍfz©³ cÖe³v GWIqvW© jyU IqvK|
No man's land we‡ivac~Y© I AwggvswmZ f~wg‡K eySvq|
k~b¨ †iLv mxgvšÍ †_‡K 150 MR GjvKv| GB As‡k mKj cÖKvi ¯’vcbv wbg©vY wbwl×
Single Fench mxgv‡šÍ KvuUvZv‡ii †eov
iv‡óªi AvKvk mxgv f~wg †_‡K AvKv‡k 100 wK‡jvwgUvi GjvKv
wQUgnj GKwU iv‡óªi g~j f~-LÐ †_‡K wew”Qbœ GKwU Ask hv Ab¨ iv‡óªi f~wg ev RjfvM Øviv
wew”Qbœ _v‡K| wQUgnj Ab¨ iv‡óªi mxgvbv w`‡q †Niv _v‡K|
Kwi‡Wvi wbR †`k †_‡K wbR †`‡k hvIqvi Rb¨ Ab¨ †`‡ki Rwg eënvi Kiv
UªvbwRU Z…Zxq †Kv‡bv †`‡ki f~wg eënvi K‡i wfbœ †`‡ki hvZvqvZ
Uªvbwkc‡g›U Ab¨ †`‡ki f~wg I cwienb eënvi K‡i hvZvqvZ
KUb iæU fviZ gnvmvMi‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q Ôb‡i›`ª †gvwìÕ A_©‣bwZK cwiKíbv
wd«Wg ‡ivW Rvcvb I fvi‡Zi †h․_ A_©‣bwZK cwiKíbv
Gwkqvb nvBI‡q ESCAP KZ©„K 32wU †`k‡K hy³ Ki‡Z GKwU †hvMv‡hvM cwiKíbv| •`N©¨: 1.40 jvL
wK.wg| B‡›`v‡bwkqv †_‡K Zz‡K©‡gwb¯Ívb ch©šÍ|
wis †ivW/ evsjv‡`‡ki cve©Z¨ GjvKvi mv‡_ fviZ I wgqvbgv‡ii mxgvbv| gv`‡Ki Rb¨
wjsK †ivW Av‡jvwPZ| GwU GKwU †hvMv‡hvM cÖKíI|
ü`f~wg (Heartland) c~e© BD‡iv‡ci f~-†ewóZ GjvKv| Gi cÖe³v: g¨vKvBÛvi| wZwb e‡jbÑ
 †h c~e© BD‡ivc kvmb K‡i †m ü`f~wg kvmb K‡i
 †h ü`f~wg kvmb K‡i, †m wek^Øxc kvmb K‡i
 †h wek^Øxc kvmb K‡i, †m wek^‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i
P›`ªejq (Rimland) BD‡iv‡ci mgy`ª DcK~jxq †`k| Gi cÖe³v: ¯úvBKg¨vb|
Kvjv`vb cÖ‡R± KjKvZv †_‡K wgqvbgv‡ii Dci w`‡q wg‡Rviv‡g cY¨ cwien‡Yi Rb¨ fvi‡Zi cKí|
GB cÖKí ivLvB‡b Pjgvb Av‡Q|
SAGQ South Asian Growth Quadrangle ev `wÿY Gkxq Dbœqb PZzf©yR| evsjv‡`k, fzUvb,
fviZ I †bcv‡ji BBIN ciivóªgš¿x KZ©„K 1997 mv‡j †NvwlZ nq|

Golden Crescent cvwK¯Ívb, Bivb I AvdMvwb¯Ív‡bi mxgvšÍ GjvKv hv gv`‡Ki Rb¨ KzL¨vZ|
Golden Triangle evg©v, jvIm I _vBj¨v‡Ûi mxgvbv hv gv`‡Ki Rb¨ KzL¨vZ|
Golden Ways KzL¨vZ
DwLqv evsjv‡`‡ki K·evRv‡i Aew¯’Z| GwU evsjv‡`k I wgqvbgv‡ii Bqvev c‡q›U

East Asian Miracle c~e© Gwkqvi 8wU †`‡ki Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore,
Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia bvUKxq A_©‣bwZK DbœwZ‡K eySvq|
Buffer Zone msNvZgq `ywU GjvKvi g‡a¨ wbi‡cÿ GjvKv|
No Fly Zone mvgwiK †ÿ‡Î eëüZ nq| wegvb PjvPj wb‡lavÁvi †ÿ‡Î eëüZ nq|
No War Zone hy×Kv‡j †emvgwiK bvix I wkï‡ì iÿvi Rb¨ †NvlYv Kiv nq|
bv_yjv cvm fvi‡Zi wmwKg †_‡K Px‡bi wZeŸ‡Z hvIqvi cvnvox c_|

Abykxjbx:
01. mxgvšÍ †_‡K KZ M‡Ri g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv ¯’vcbv wbg©vY Kiv hv‡e bv?
K. 300 MR L. 250 MR M. 200 MR N. 150 MR 01: N
02. SAGQ Gi AšÍf©y³ bqÑ
K. evsjv‡`k L. fzUvb M. fviZ N. Pxb 02: N
03. Gwkqvb nvBI‡q Ki‡e †Kvb ms¯’v?
K. mvK© L. Avwmqvb M. GmKvc N. wegm‡UK 03: M
04. g¨vKvBÛvi wek¦Øxc ej‡Z †Kvb AÂj‡K eywS‡q‡Qb?
K. c~e© BD‡ivc‡K L. ga¨ BD‡ivc‡K M. DcK~jxq †`k‡K N. Øxc‡`k‡K 04:K
05. wis †ivW cÖK‡íi AšÍf©y³ bqÑ
K. evsjv‡`k L. wgqvbgvi M. Pxb N. fviZ 05: M
evsjv‡`k-fviZ m¤úK© (Bangladesh-India Relations) [**********]
mxgvšÍ
 mxgvšÍ •`N©¨Ñ 4156 wKwg (BGB) / 3715 wK.wg. (gva¨wgK f~‡Mvj eB)
 mxgvšÍ nvUÑ evwjqvgvix, KzwoMÖvg (cÖ_g) Ges Wjyiv, mybvgMÄ (fvi‡Zi †gNvjq) [†gvU mxgvšÍ nvU: 22wU]
 †h 2wU mxgvšÍ †Rjv fvi‡Zi mv‡_ hy³ bqÑ ev›ìevb I K·evRvi (Av‡Q- 30wU †Rjvi mv‡_)
 AwggvswmZ mxgvšÍÑ 2 wK.wg [†dbxi we‡jvwbqvq]
 mxgvšÍ hy×Ñ †i․gvix, KzwoMÖvg, 2001 mv‡j
 mxgvšÍ gvbwPÎÑ Strip Map (2011)
 mxgvšÍ †iLvÑ i¨vWwK¬d †iLv (1947)
 mxgvšÍ KwgwUÑ JBWG: Joint Boundary Working Group, 2001. ¯îvóª gš¿Yvj‡qi Aaxb
 mxgvšÍeZ©x fviZxq cÖ‡`kÑ 5wU [Avmvg, wg‡Rvivg, wÎcyiv, †gNvjq I cwðge½]
 mxgvšÍeZ©x fviZxq †RjvÑ 15wU [cwðge‡½i †Rjv- 9wU]
 cZvKv •eVKÑ mxgvšÍ evwnbx‡ì g‡a¨ msKUKvjxb •eVK
dviv°v euva (Farakka Barrage)
 wbg©vY ïiæÑ 1961 mv‡j
 wbg©vY †klÑ 1975 mv‡ji 21 b‡f¤î
 •`N©¨Ñ 2240 wgUvi [7350 dzU]
 †MUÑ 109wU fvi‡Zi mv‡_
 Ae¯’vbÑ cwðge‡½i gvj`n I gywk©`vev` †Rjvq Acivax cÖZ¨c©Y
 evua wbg©v‡Y fviZ‡K mn‡hvwMZv K‡iÑ †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb Pzw³ nq: 27
 js gvP©Ñ 16 †g, 1976 fvmvbxi †bZ…‡Z¡
Rvbyqvwi, 2013
 dviv°v wèmÑ 16 †g
 dviv°v evu‡ai D‡Ïk¨ wQjÑ KjKvZv e›`‡ii bve¨Zv
 dviv°v evua †_‡K fvwMi_x-ûMwj b`x ch©šÍ Lv‡ji bvgÑ wdWvi Lvj (25 wK.wg)
 dviv°v euv‡ai d‡j evsjv‡`‡ki DËi-cwðgvÂ‡j eb¨v nqÑ AvM÷-†m‡Þ¤^‡i
 `~iZ¡Ñ ivRkvnx †_‡K 11 gvBj (16.5 wK.wg) cwð‡g fvi‡Zi cwðge½ cÖ ‡`k
 dviv°v Bmy¨Ñ RvwZms‡Ni G‡RÛv-21 Awafy³
 Ae¯’vbÑ M½v b`x‡Z
 dviv°v evua wb‡q RvwZms‡N cÖ¯Íve cvkÑ 1976 mv‡ji 26 b‡f¤î
 dviv°v wb‡q Pzw³: 1977, 1985 mv‡j 3wU I 1996 mv‡j [†gvU: 05wU]
dviv°v euva
 dviv°v evu‡ai evsjv‡`‡k cÖwZwµqv:

 320 wK‡jvwgUvi †b․c_ nviv‡”Q
 cvwbi ¯Íi 3 wgUv‡ii †ewk K‡g †M‡Q
 AvM÷- †m‡Þ¤^‡i eb¨v †`Lv †`q
 M½v AeevwnKvi 121.41 †n±i Rwg‡Z dmj nviv‡”Q
wUcvBgyL evua (Tipaimukh Dam)
 Ae¯’vbÑ fvi‡Zi gwYcyi iv‡R¨
 †h `yB b`xi Dr‡mÑ eivK I ZzBfvB
 wbg©vY cÖKíÑ 2009 mv‡ji
 •`N¨©Ñ 1600 dzU
 D”PZvÑ 50 dzU
 `~iZ¡Ñ wm‡j‡Ui RwKMÄ †_‡K 100 wK.wg. c~‡e©
 evsjv‡`‡k eivK b`xi bvgÑ †gNbv
 wUcvBgyL evu‡ai cÖwZwµqv:
 evsjv‡`‡ki DËi I DËi-c~e©vÂ‡j giæf~wg Ges cøvweZ nevi AvksKv _vK‡e
 DËi-c~e©vÂj I ga¨vÂ‡ji 30% GjvKv giæf~wg n‡e
 eiv‡Ki 60% cvwb evo‡j †ev‡iv avb ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡e
wZ¯Ív euva (Teesta Barrage)

 Ae¯’vbÑ jvjgwbinvU †Rjvi nvwZevÜv Dc‡Rjvi †`vqvbx‡Z (1998)
 fviZxq bvgÑ Wvwjqv e¨v‡iR
 evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q eo euvaÑ wZ¯Ív
 dUKÑ 54wU
 D‡Ïk¨Ñ K…wl †mP
 cÖfveÑ 30wU †QvU-eo b`x g‡i †M‡Q
 wZ¯Ív wb‡q mg‡SvZv ¯§viKÑ 1983 mv‡j
 wZ¯Ív wb‡q Lmov Pzw³ nqÑ 2011 mv‡j
 evsjv‡`k cvqÑ eZ©gv‡b 25 kZvsk cvwb| cÖ¯ÍvweZ Pzw³ Abyhvqx evsjv‡`k cvIqvi K_vÑ 48 kZvsk
Pzw³mg~n (Treaties)
•gÎx Pzw³ (India–Bangladesh Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Peace)
 mgqKvjÑ 19 gvP©, 1972
 †gqv` Ñ 25 eQi
 †gqv` †kl nqÑ 1997 mv‡j
 cwiwPwZÑ w`wjø Pzw³
 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g †Kv‡bv AvšÍR©vwZK Pzw³Ñ 1972 mv‡ji •gÎx Pzw³
 cÖvavb¨ †c‡q‡QÑ evwYR¨ welqvw`
mxgvšÍ wewbgq Pzw³ [Land Boundary Agreement (LBA)]
 mgqKvjÑ 16 †g, 1974
 cwiwPwZÑ wQUgnj wewbgq, mxgvšÍ Pzw³ ev gywRe-Bw›ìv Pzw³ bv‡g
 Pzw³ Aby‡gv`b †`qÑ evsjv‡`k: 1974, fviZ: 2015
 Pzw³ Kvh©Ki nqÑ 1 AvM÷, 2015 Zvwi‡L|
 fviZ evsjv‡`k‡K wZb weNv Kwi‡Wvi w`‡qwQjÑ 1992 mv‡j
 wZb weNv Kwi‡Wvi: jvjgwbinvU †Rjvi cvUMÖvg Dc‡Rjv †_‡K `nMÖvg wQUgnj ch©šÍ moK wQj wZb weNv
Kwi‡Wvi| Gi AvqZb (178 85 wgUvi) ev 15,130 eM© wgUvi|
 gywRe-Bw›ìv BDwbqb: KzwoMÖv‡gi dzjevwo Dc‡Rjvi `wkqviQov wQUgn‡ji eZ©gvb bvg gywRe-&Bw›ìv
BDwbqb| 2015 mv‡ji 1 AvM÷ Zvwi‡L GB wQUgn‡j cÖ_g evsjv‡`‡ki cZvKv D‡ËvwjZ nq| Gi
AvqZb 6.65 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi|
M½vi cvwbeÈb Pzw³ [Ganges Treaty]
 mgqKvjÑ 12 wW‡m¤î, 1996
 †gqv`Ñ 30 eQi [2026 ch©šÍ]
 ¯^v¶iÑ evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv I fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x †è‡M․ov
 Pzw³ Abyhvqx evsjv‡`k cvwb cvevi K_vÑ 35,000 wKD‡mK cvwb| fviZ †`q 9,000 wKD‡mK cvwb|
 UªvbwRU mn‡hvwMZv Pzw³Ñ 11 Rvbyqvwi, 2010| AvbyôvwbKfv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki Dci w`‡q fvi‡Zi Uªvbwkc‡g›U
myweav Pvjy nqÑ 16 Ryb, 2016 Zvwi‡L| Gi d‡j, evsjv‡`k UªvbwRU gvïj cv‡e cÖwZ U‡bÑ 192 UvKv|
 †b․-UªvbwRU Pvjy nqÑ 2011 mv‡j
 †b․-UªvbwRU c‡q›UÑ AvïMÄ

 cÖ_g cvwb Pzw³Ñ AvšÍR©vwZK b`x¸‡jvi cvwb cÖev‡ni Rb¨ 1972 mv‡ji 24 b‡f¤î `yB †`k cÖ_g Pzw³ K‡i|
 Gwkqvb nvBI‡q c‡q›UÑ †UKbvd, Zvgvwej I evsjvevÜv
 Kwgkb:
 JEC- Joint Economic Commission: 1982
 JRC- Joint River Commission: 1972| GwU `yB †`‡ki cvwb m¤ú` gš¿Yvj‡qi Aaxb
 AvšÍtb`x ms‡hvM cÖKí:
fvi‡Zi `wÿY-cwðgvÂ‡j cvwb †bIqvi Rb¨ GKwU cÖKí| 2003 mv‡j AUj wenvix evR‡cqx GB cÖKí MÖnY K‡i|
d‡j evsjv‡`‡k cÖ‡ek Kiv AšÍZ 37wU b`xi cvwb cÖevn eÜ n‡e|
 b`-b`x:
 evsjv‡`k I fvi‡Zi g‡a¨ AvšÍtmxgvšÍ b`xÑ 54wU
 fviZ †_‡K evsjv‡`‡k cÖ‡ekKvix b`xÑ 53wU
 evsjv‡`k †_‡K fvi‡Z cÖ‡ekKvix b`xÑ 1wU (KzwjL)
 fviZ †_‡K evsjv‡`‡k G‡m fvi‡Z wM‡q cybivq evsjv‡`‡k cÖ‡ekKvix b`xÑ 2wU (AvÎvB, gnvb›`v)
 AvÎvB‡qi fviZxq bvgÑ UvsMb
 gnvb›`vi fviZxq bvgÑ cybf©ev
 evsjv‡`k mxgv‡šÍ wZ¯Ív b`xi •`N©¨Ñ 117 †_‡K 124 wK.wg
 evsjv‡`k-fviZ c~e©vÂ‡j wef³Kvix b`xÑ †dbx b`x
 evsjv‡`k- fviZ cwðgvÂ‡j wef³Kvix b`xÑ nvwoqvfv½v b`x
 we‡iva:
 evwYR¨Ñ evsjv‡`k fviZ †_‡K †ewk msL¨K cY¨ Avg`vwb K‡i| c¶všÍ‡i, fviZ evsjv‡`k †_‡K Kg Avg`vwb K‡i
 we‡ivac~Y© PiÑ ivRkvnxi wbg©j Pi Ges †dbxi gyûixi Pi
 we‡ivac~Y© mxgvšÍÑ we‡jvwbqv, †dbx
 we‡ivac~Y© b`xÑ nvwoqvfv½v b`x
 we‡ivac~Y© Øxc wQjÑ `w¶Y ZvjcwÆ Øxc (mvZÿxiv)
 we‡ivac~Y© Pv evMvbÑ cvjøvZj Pv evMvb (†g․jfxevRvi)
 AwggvswmZ AÂj wQjÑ KzwoMÖv‡gi eovBevwo, cÂM‡oi `BNvUv
 `yB †`‡ki m¤ú‡K©i bew`MšÍ:
 2019 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k fvi‡Zi wewb‡qvM nqÑ 3 †KvwU 89 jvL Wjvi
 2018-19 A_©eQ‡i evsjv‡`k fvi‡Z ißvwb K‡i‡QÑ 107 †KvwU Wjvi
 52 eQi ci 2017 mv‡j `yB †`‡ki g‡a¨ Pvjy nqÑ eÜb G·‡cÖm
 55 eQi ci 2020 mv‡j Pvjy n‡eÑ wPjvnvwU-njwèvwo †ijc_
 2008 mv‡j Pvjy nqÑ XvKv-KjKvZv •gÎx G·‡cÖm|
Abykxjbx:
01. evsjv‡`‡ki mxgv‡šÍ fvi‡Zi †Rjv KZwU?
K. 05wU L. 30wU M. 10wU N. 15wU 01: N
02. dviv°v wb‡q Pzw³ nqÑ
K. QqwU L. wZbwU M. PviwU N. cvuPwU 02: N
03. evsjv‡`k-fvi‡Zi mxgvšÍ KwgwUi bvgÑ
K. JRDC L. JEC M. JBWG N. JRC 03: M
04. Strip Map-
K. mxgvšÍ gvbwPÎ L. DcK~jxq gvbwPÎ M. †hvMv‡hvM mxgv‡iLv N. b`xi mxgv‡iLv 04: K
05. evsjv‡`‡ki mv‡_ fvi‡Zi evwYR¨ NvUwZ‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki w`K †_‡K KZ Zg?
K. Z…Zxq L. PZz_© M. wØZxq N. cÖ_g 05: M
mxgvšÍ (Borders) [*****]
we‡ivac~Y© mxgvšÍ
mxgv‡šÍi bvg cwiPq
wmqv‡Pb Kvk¥x‡i Aew¯’Z we‡k¦i D”PZg hy×‡ÿÎ| Gi D”PZv 21 nvRvi dzU| eZ©gv‡b fvi‡Zi `L‡j
KviwMj fviZ I cwK¯Ív‡bi gv‡S Aew¯’Z we‡k¦i me‡P‡q A¯¿mw¾Z mxgvšÍ|
AvKmvB Pxb Kvk¥x‡ii jv`vL I Px‡bi As‡k Aew¯’Z| 1962 mv‡ji fviZ-Pxb hy‡×i mgq Pxb fvi‡Zi
KvQ †_‡K `Lj K‡i †bq| GLv‡bB Line of Actual Control Aew¯’Z|
Acwmjv fvi‡Zi AiæYvPj cÖ‡`‡k Aew¯’Z| Pxb 1962 mvj †_‡K `vwe K‡i Avm‡Q|
†`vKjvg fviZ-Pxb-fzUvb mxgv‡šÍ Aew¯’Z GKwU gvjf~wg| 2017 mv‡j Px‡bi iv¯Ív wbg©vY wb‡q fviZ-
Pxb we‡iva †`Lv †`q| Z‡e, †`vKjvg fzUv‡bi gvbwP‡Î i‡q‡Q|
Av‡ewq my`vb I `wÿY my`v‡b Aew¯’Z †Zjmg„× AÂj| GwU Avwd«Kvi Kvk¥xi bv‡g cwiwPZ|
mvD_ K‡`©vdvb my`vb I `wÿY my`v‡bi gv‡S Ôevdvi †RvbÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ|
g¨vwPqvm wmjØxc hy³ivóª-KvbvWvi g‡a¨ we‡ivac~Y© mxgvšÍ|
gsWz I Nygayg evsjv‡`k I wgqvbgv‡ii g‡a¨ we‡ivac~Y©|
DËi IqvwRwi¯Ívb cvwK¯Ívb I AvdMvwb¯Ív‡bi g‡a¨ we‡ivac~Y©|
I LvBevi wMwic_
†MÖ †Rvb hy³ivóª I †gw·‡Kvi g‡a¨ 3145 wK‡jvwgUvi mxgv‡iLv|
bvM©v‡bv- KvivevL AvRvievBRvb I Av‡g©wbqvi g‡a¨ we‡ivac~Y© wQUgnj|
wcÖqv wenvi gw›ì _vBj¨vÛ I K‡¤^vwWqvi g‡a¨ we‡iva| eZ©gv‡b K‡¤^vwWqvi `L‡j i‡q‡Q|
Kvjvcvwb fviZ-†bcv‡ji g‡a¨ AwggvswmZ f~-LÐ|
Abykxjbx:
01. we‡k¦i me‡P‡q e„nËg mxgvšÍ †Kvb `yB †`‡ki gv‡S Aew¯’Z?
K. Pxb-g‡½vwjqv L. fviZ-Pxb M. hy³ivóª- †gw·‡Kv N. KvbvWv- hy³ivóª 01: N
02. KvbvWv-hy³iv‡óª mxgvšÍ •`N©¨Ñ
K. 7778 wK.wg L. 5881 wK. wg M. 5888 wK. wg N. 8891 wK. wg 02: N
03. hy³ivóª †gw·‡Kvi mv‡_ mxgvšÍ cÖvPxi ¯’vc‡bi wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Q †Kvb mgm¨vi Rb¨?
K. †eKviZ¡ L. kiYv_©x M. Awfevmx N. R¡vjvbx 03: M
04. ÔjvBb Ae GKPzqvj K‡›UªvjÕ fviZ I Pxb‡K c„_K K‡i‡Q †Kvb RvqMvq?
K. wmqv‡P‡b L. wngvj‡q M. †`vKjv‡g N. Kvk¥x‡i 04: N
05. hy³ivóª-†gw·‡Kvi g‡a¨ mxgv‡šÍi bvgÑ
K. wMÖb †Rvb L. eøy †Rvb M. †MÖ †Rvb N. †iW †Rvb 05: M
†f․‡MvwjK mxgv‡iLv (Geographical Line) [****]
K. 140 wWwMÖ c~e© `ªvwNgv †iLv: fviZ gnvmvMi I cÖkvšÍ gnvmvMi‡K wef³ K‡i‡Q|
L. Iqv‡jm jvBb: fviZ gnvmvMi †_‡K cÖkvšÍ gnvmvM‡i hvZvqv‡Zi mgy`ªc_|
M. DËgvkv AšÍixc: fviZ gnvmvMi I AvUjvw›UK gnvmvM‡ii mxgv‡iLv|
N. nb© AšÍixc: AvUjvw›UK I cÖkvšÍ gnvmvM‡ii mxgv‡iLv|
O. 66.5 wWwMÖ DËi Aÿ‡iLv: DËi gnvmvMi I AvUjvw›U‡Ki mxgv‡iLv|
P. 10 wWwMÖ DËi Aÿ‡iLv: fviZ gnvmvMi I e‡½vcmvM‡ii wef³Kvix|
Q. 10 wWwMÖ P¨v‡bj: fviZ gnvmvMi †_‡K e‡½vcmvM‡i mgy`ª‡¯ªvZ|
mxgv‡iLv wef³Kvix †`k mxgv‡iLv wef³Kvix
i¨vWwK¬d †iLv evsjv‡`kÑfviZ b`©vb wjwgU jvBb (cxZ mvM‡i) `. †Kvwiqv- D.
evsjv‡`kÑ wgqvbgvb 38 wWwMÖ DËi A¶‡iLv †Kvwiqv
fviZÑ cvwK¯Ívb wW wgwjUvwiR †Rvb
jvBb Ae K‡›Uªvj R¤§y I Kvk¥xi (fviZ) I g¨vK‡gvnb jvBb fviZÑ Pxb
wMjwMU evjwZ¯Ívb (cvwK¯Ívb)
Wyivì jvBb cvwK¯ÍvbÑ AvdMvwb¯Ívb ev‡j©f jvBb wdwjw¯ÍbÑ BmivBj
eøy jvBb †jevbbÑ BmivBj wMÖbjvBb ZzwK©- wMÖK mvBcÖvm
m‡bviv jvBb hy³ivóªÑ †gw·‡Kv 17Zg A¶‡iLv/g¨vKbvgviv `yB wf‡qZbvg
g¨vbvi‡nBg jvBb ivwkqvÑ wdbj¨vÛ 49Zg A¶‡iLv (`xN©Zg mxgvšÍ) KvbvWvÑ hy³ivóª
g¨vwR‡bv jvBb / Rvg©vwb-d«vÝ 24Zg Aÿvsk fviZ-cvwK¯Ívb
wRMwd«W jvBb
Abykxjbx:
01. †gw·‡Kv-hy³iv‡óª mxgvšÍ †iLvi bvgÑ
K. BDKvb jvBb L. eøy jvBb M. wMÖb jvBb N. m‡bviv jvBb 01: N
02. Cape of Good HopeÑ
K. mvB‡ewiqv L. mvBevb AšÍixc M. DËgvkv AšÍixc N. nb© AšÍixc 02: M
03. ÿz`ªZg mxgvšÍ •`N©¨ †Kvb `yB †`‡ki gv‡S?
K. g¨vKvI I †gvbv‡Kv L. f¨vwUKvb I mvbg¨vwi‡bv
M. BZvwj I mvbg¨vwi‡bv N. BZvwj-f¨vwUKvb 03: N
04. AvUjvw›UK I cÖkvšÍ gnvmvMi‡K c„_K K‡i‡QÑ
K. †eev AšÍixc L. DËgvkv AšÍixc M. AvB‡ewiqv DcØxc N. nb© AšÍixc 04: N
`yB gnv‡`‡k Ae¯’vb [***]
f~-LÐ †f․‡MvwjKfv‡e Ae¯’vb ivR‣bwZK Ae¯’vb
ivwkqv g‡¯‥v Qvov cÖvq meB Gwkqvq BD‡ivc
Zzi¯‥ B¯Ívbeyj Qvov evwK AÂj Gwkqvq BD‡ivc
wgki wmbvB DcØxc Gwkqvq Avwd«Kv
wMÖbj¨vÛ DËi Av‡gwiKvq BD‡ivc
mvB‡ewiqv Gwkqvq BD‡ivc
A‡÷ªwjqv †ewkifvM Gwkqvq I‡kwbqv
cvbvgv DËi Av‡gwiKv DËi Av‡gwiKv
mvBcÖvm Gwkqvq BD‡ivc
Note:
 Zzi¯‥ Ñ BD‡iv‡c dzUej †L‡j Ges BD‡ivcxq BDwbq‡bi mn‡hvMx m`m¨
 BmivBj Ñ BD‡iv‡ci n‡q dzUej †L‡j
 A‡÷ªwjqvÑ Gwkqv gnv‡`‡ki n‡q dzUej †L‡j
†`k wef³ we‡kl Z_¨
Rvg©vwb 1945 cwðg I c~e© Rvg©vwb bv‡g `ywU †`k nq| 1990 mv‡j Avevi GKwÎZ nq
†Kvwiqv 1945 DËi I `wÿY †Kvwiqv bv‡g `ywU †`k nq
wf‡qZbvg 1954 DËi I `wÿY wf‡qZbvg bv‡g `ywU †`k nq| 1976 mv‡j GKwÎZ nq
†mvwf‡qZ 1991 ivwkqv, BD‡µbmn 15wU ¯^vaxb †`k MVb
BDwbqb
hy‡Mvkøvwfqv 1992 ejKvb AÂ‡j 7wU ¯^vaxb cÖRvZš¿ nq
†P‡Kv¯øvfvwKqv 1993 †fj‡fU wW‡fv‡m©i gva¨‡g †PK cÖRvZš¿ I †¯øvfvwKqv bv‡g `ywU ¯^vaxb †`k MVb
Bw_Iwcqv 1993 BwiwÎqv bv‡g ¯^vaxb †`‡ki Rb¥ nq| 2018 mv‡j 25 eQi ci 2 †`‡ki g‡a¨
m¤úK© ¯’vcb Kivq Bw_Iwcqvi cÖavbgš¿x Av‡e Avn‡g` Avwj 2019 mv‡j †bv‡ej
kvwšÍ jvf K‡i|
my`vb 2011 `wÿY my`vb bv‡g ¯^vaxb †`‡ki Rb¥ nq
AÂjwfwËK Av‡jvPbv I Dcwb‡ek [*******]
 `wÿY Gwkqv:
1. AvdMvwb¯Ívb 2. cvwK¯Ívb 3. fviZ 4. kÖxjsKv 5. gvjØxc 6. †bcvj
7. fyUvb 8. evsjv‡`k [RvwZms‡Ni g‡Z Bivb `wÿY Gwkqvi †`k]
Note: `wÿY Gwkqvi †bcvj I fzUvb Qvov me¸‡jv †`k weªwUk Dcwb‡ek wQj| ZvB †bcvj fzUvb Qvov
me¸‡jv †`kB KgbI‡qj‡_i m`m¨|
 `wÿY-c~e© Gwkqv: [*****]

1. wgqvbgvi 2. gvj‡qwkqv 3. wm½vcyi 4. _vBj¨vÛ 5. eªæbvB 6. wdwjcvBb
7. jvIm 8. wf‡qZbvg 9. K‡¤^vwWqv 10. B‡›`v‡bwkqv 11. c~e© wZgyi
Note: wgqvbgvi, gvj‡qwkqv, wm½vcyi I eªæbvB weªwUk; jvIm, K‡¤^vwWqv I wf‡qZbvg d«v ‡Ýi; B‡›`v‡bwkqv
†b`vij¨vÛ‡mi; wdwjcvBb hy³iv‡óªi Ges c~e© wZgyi cZz©Mv‡ji Dcwb‡ek wQj|
 `~icÖvP¨:
1. Pxb
2. `wÿY †Kvwiqv
3. DËi †Kvwiqv
4. Rvcvb
5. g‡½vwjqv
 ga¨ Gwkqv: [*******]

1. Zz‡K©‡gwb¯Ívb
2. ZvwRwK¯Ívb
3. KvRvL¯Ívb
4. wKiwMR¯Ívb
5. DR‡ewK¯Ívb
Note: me¸‡jv †`kB mv‡eK †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi Aaxb wQj|

 Seven Sisters: [*******]
fvi‡Zi DËi-c~e©vÂjxq 7wU ivR¨‡K
GK‡Î †m‡fb wm÷vim& e‡j|
1. Avmvg
2. wg‡Rvivg
3. wÎcyiv
4. †gNvjq
5. AiæYvPj
6. bvMvj¨vÛ
7. gwYcyi
[g‡b ivLvi Dcvq: AvwgwÎ‡gAbvg]
 B‡›`vPxb ej‡qi †`k:
1. jvIm
2. K‡¤^vwWqv
3. wf‡qZbvg

Note: me¸‡jv †`kB d«v‡Ýi Dcwb‡ek wQj|

 ga¨cÖvP¨: [*****]
1. †m․w` Avie
2. mvBcÖvm
3. Bivb
4. BivK
5. Kz‡qZ
6. KvZvi
7. Igvb
8. †jevbb
9. RW©vb
10. wmwiqv
11. B‡q‡gb
12. evnivBb
13. Zzi¯‥ 14. wdwjw¯Íb
15. Bmiv‡qj 16. wgki
17. mshy³ Avie AvwgivZ
Note: †jevbb I wmwiqv d«v‡Ýi Dcwb‡ek wQj| evwK me weªwUk Dcwb‡ek wQj|
 bMi ivóª: wm½vcyi, nsKs|
 Four Tigers: PviwU †`k WªvMb A_©bxwZi †`k bv‡g cwiwPZ| 2017 mv‡j gvwK©b Business Insider
evsjv‡`k‡K Gwkqvb UvBMvi ejvq 5 Tigers n‡e|
1.wm½vcyi 2. `wÿY †Kvwiqv 3. ZvBIqvb 4. nsKs
 Avie DcØx‡ci †`k:
1. †m․w` Avie
2. evnivBb
3. Kz‡qZ
4. KvZvi
5. Igvb
6. mshy³ Avie AvwgivZ
7. B‡q‡gb
 Avie †`k:
Aviwe fvlx 23wU †`k Avie †`k bv‡g cwiwPZ| Z‡e ÔPuv`Õ Qvov evwK 22wU †`k Avie jx‡Mi m`m¨|
1. msh³ Avie AvwgivZ 2. Igvb 3. †m․w` Avie 4. Kz‡qZ 5. KvZvi
6. evnivBb 7. RW©vb 8. †jevbb (France) 9. BivK 10. wgki
11. wReywZ (France) 12. B‡q‡gb 13. wdwjw¯Íb 14. my`vb 15. kv`
16.wmwiqv gi‡°v (France) 18.wjweqv (Italy) wZDwbwkqv (France)
20. †g․wiZvwbqv (France) 21. BwiwÎqv 22. Avj‡Rwiqv (France) 23. †mvgvwjqv (Italy)
Note: evwKme weªwUk Dcwb‡ek
 `wÿY Av‡gwiKv gnv‡`k: †gvU †`k 12wU|
1. Av‡R©w›Ubv
2. ewjwfqv
3. eªvwRj (Portugal)
4. wPwj
5. Kjvw¤^qv
06. BKy‡qWi
07. Mvqvbv(UK)
08. c¨viv¸‡q
09. †ciæ
10.Diæ¸‡q
11. mywibvg (Netherlands)
12. †fwbRy‡qjv
Note: evwKme ¯ú¨vwbk Dcwb‡ek
 K¨vwiweqvb †`kmg~n: †gvU †`k 17wU| [****]

1. A¨vw›U¸qv I evigyWv 2. evnvgv 3. eviev‡Wvm 4. wKDev (Spain) 5. †WvwgwbKv
6. †WvwgwbKvb wicvewjK 7. MÖvbvWv 8. ¸‡q‡Zgvjv 9. nvBwZ (France) 10. R¨vgvBKv
11. †m›U wKUm& A¨vÛ †bwfm 12. †m›U jywmqv 13. †m›U wfb‡m›U GÛ †MÖbvWvBb
14. wÎwb`v` A¨vÛ †Uvev‡Mv 15. giwUwbK 16. †b`vij¨vÛm Gw›U‡jb 17. cy‡q‡Z©vwi‡Kv (USA)
Note: evwKme weªwUk Dcwb‡ek
 mv‡eK †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb:
1991 mv‡ji wW‡m¤î gv‡mi †k‡li w`‡K †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb †f‡½ 15wU ¯^vaxb ivóª MwVZ nq
01. ivwkqv 02. BD‡µb 03. KvRvL¯Ívb 04. ZvwRwK¯Ívb 05. DR‡ewK¯Ívb
06. ZyK©‡gwb¯Ívb 07. wKiwMR¯Ívb 08. †ejviæk 09. gj‡`vfv 10. RwR©qv
11. Av‡g©wbqv 12. jvUwfqv 13. G‡¯Ívwbqv 14. AvRvievBRvb 15. wj_ywbqv

 evwëK ivóª: evwëK ivóª 9wU| h_v:
1. myB‡Wb 2. wdbj¨vÛ
3. ivwkqv 4. G‡¯Ívwbqv
5. jvUwfqv 6. wj_ywbqv
7. †cvj¨vÛ
8. Rvg©vwb
9. †WbgvK©
Note: me¸‡jvB weªwUk Dcwb‡ek
 I‡kwbqv: [`wÿY-c~e© cÖkvšÍ gnvmvM‡ii Øxc]

01. A‡÷ªwjqv 02. wbDwRj¨vÛ
 cwj‡bwkqv: [ga¨ I `wÿY cÖkvšÍ gnvmvM‡ii Øxc]
01. †Uv½v 02. mv‡gvqv 03. Uzf¨vjy 04. KzK ØxccyÄ 05. B÷vi AvBj¨vÛ 06. ZvwnwZ
 gvB‡µv‡bwkqv: wbiÿ‡Lvi wbKUeZ©x 5wU Øxc †`k gvB‡µv‡bwkqvi AšÍM©Z| wbiÿxq cÖkvšÍ AÂ‡ji Øxc]
01. bvDiæ 02. K¨v‡ivwjb ØxccyÄ 03. gvk©vj ØxccyÄ 04. wKwievwZ 05. Iwmqvg
 †g‡jv‡bwkqv: [`wÿY-cwðg cÖkvšÍ gnvmvM‡ii Øxc]
01. wdwR
02. cvcyqv wbDwMwb
03. m‡jvgvb ØxccyÄ
04. wbDwMwb
05. mvšÍµzR
06. wemgvK©
07. fvbyqvZz
08. wbD K¨vj‡Wvwbqv
 mv‡eK hy‡Mv¯øvwfqv:
01. mvwe©qv 02. emwbqv-nv‡R©‡Mvwfbv 03. †gwm‡Wvwbqv 04. †¯øv‡fwbqv 05. †µv‡qwkqv
06. gw›Uwb‡MÖv 07. K‡mv‡fv
 ejKvb ivóª:
01. iægvwbqv 02. wMÖm
03. †¯øv‡fwbqv 04. Avj‡ewbqv
05. eyj‡Mwiqv 06. mvwe©qv
07. emwbqv-nv‡R©‡Mvwfb 08. †µv‡qwkqv
09. †gwm‡Wvwbqv
10. gw›Uwb‡MÖv
11. K‡mv‡fv|

 ¯‥¨vwÛ‡bwfqvb †`k 5wU:
01. †WbgvK©
02. biI‡q
03. wdbj¨vÛ
04. myB‡Wb
05. AvBmj¨vÛ
Dcwb‡ek (Colony) [*******]
gnv‡`k Dcwb‡ek Z_¨
Gwkqv  Gwkqv gnv‡`‡k †ewkifvM †`k wQjÑ weªwUk Dcwb‡ek |
 ga¨cÖv‡Pï 14wU Gkxq †`k weªwUk Dcwb‡ek n‡jI KgbI‡qj_ Gi m`m¨ bq| †hgb:
†m․wÀvi‡ei, mshy³ Avie AvwgivZ, BivK cÖf…wZ|
 g‡½vwjqvÑ Px‡bi Dcwb‡ek wQj|
 wdwjcvBbÑ †¯ú‡bi Dcwb‡ek wQj wKš‘ ¯^vaxbZv jvf K‡i hy³iv‡óªi KvQ †_‡K
 Gwkqvq GKgvÎ WvP Dcwb‡ek B‡›`v‡bwkqvi c~e© bvg wQjÑ WvP B÷ BwÛR
 c~e© wZgyi wQj B‡›`v‡bwkqvi cª‡`k Ges 2002 mv‡j B‡›`v‡bwkqvi KvQ †_‡K ¯^vaxbZv
jvf K‡i| Z‡e 1975 mv‡ji Av‡M c~&e© wZgyi cZz©Mv‡ji Dcwb‡ek wQj|
 _vBj¨vÛ k‡ãi A_© gy³f~wg| GB †`kwU KL‡bv Kv‡iv Dcwb‡ek wQj bv| GQvovI
`wÿY Gwkqvi †bcvj, fzUvb I Rvcvb Kv‡iv Dcwb‡ek wQj bv|
 cZ©yMv‡ji Dcwb‡ek wQjÑ g¨vKvI Ges c~e© wZgyi|
BD‡ivc  c„w_exi cÖvPxbZg ¯^vaxb †`kÑ mvb g¨vwi‡bv
 weªwUk Dcwb‡ek wQjÑ gvëv I Avqvij¨vÛ
 biI‡q ¯^vaxb nqÑ myB‡W‡bi KvQ †_‡K
 †b`vij¨vÛ‡mi Dcwb‡ek wQjÑ †ejwRqvg I jy‡·gevM©
 ivwkqvi Dcwb‡ek wQjÑ wdbj¨vÛ
 A‡Uvgvb mv¤ªv‡R¨ AšÍf©y³ wQjÑ wMÖm, †ivgvwbqv, eyj‡Mwiqv I Zzi¯‥|
 †ivgvb mv¤ªvR¨ g‡ZÑ BZvwj I myBRvij¨vÛ|
Av‡gwiKv  `wÿY Av‡gwiKvi 12wU †`‡ki g‡a¨ eªvwRj wQjÑ cZz©Mv‡ji, Mvqvbv wQjÑ weª‡U‡bi Ges
gnv‡`k mywibvg wQjÑ †b`vij¨vÛ‡mi Dcwb‡ek| evwK 9wU †`k wQjÑ †¯ú‡bi Dcwb‡ek|
 ga¨ Av‡gwiKvi †`k¸‡jv n‡jvÑ cvbvgv, wbKviv¸qv, †Kv÷vwiKv, ûÛzivm, ¸q‡Zgvjv
Ges Gj mvj‡fì| G‡ì g‡a¨ cvbvgv Kjw¤^qvi KvQ †_‡K ¯^vaxbZv jvf K‡i| evwK
me¸‡jv ¯ú¨vwbk Dcwb‡ek|
 K¨v‡iexq 17wU †`‡ki g‡a¨ wKDev- †¯ú‡bi Ges nvBwZ- d«v‡Ýi Dcwb‡ek wQj| evwK
meKwU weªwUk Dcwb‡ek wQj|
 DËi Av‡gwiKvi †gw·‡Kv wQj- †¯ú‡bi, hy³ivóª I KvbvWv wQj- weª‡U‡bi Dcwb‡ek|
jvwZb  cwiPq: `yB Av‡gwiKv gnv‡`‡ki ¯ú¨vwbk I cZz©wMR fvlx †`k¸‡jv
Av‡gwiKv  AšÍf©~³ †`k: 20wU
 `wÿY Av‡gwiKvi †h `ywU †`k jvwZb Av‡gwiKvi bq: mywibvg I Mvqbv| KviY,
mywibv‡gi fvlv WvP Ges Mvqvbvi fvlv Bs‡iwR|
Avwd«Kv  Avwd«Kvi cÖvPxbZg ¯^vaxb †`kÑ Bw_Iwcqv| [Gi c~e© bvg wQj: Avwewmwbqv]
 Avwd«Kvi cÖ_g ¯^vaxb †`kÑ jvB‡ewiqv (1818)
 wØZxq wek^hy‡×i Av‡M c„w_ex‡Z ¯^vaxb †`k wQjÑ 3wU [Bw_Iwcqv, jvB‡ewiqv I wgki]
 BZvwji Dcwb‡ek wQjÑ wjweqv I †mvgvwjqv
 †ejwRqv‡gi Dcwb‡ek wQjÑ iæqvÛv, eyiæwW I Rvqv‡i
 cZz©Mv‡ji Dcwb‡ek wQjÑ G‡½vjv, †gvRvw¤^K I wMwb
 `wÿY Avwd«Kvi Dcwb‡ek wQjÑ bvwgweqv
 d«v‡Ýi Dcwb‡ek wQjÑ Avj‡Rwiqv, wZD‡bwkqv, gi‡°v, †g․wiZvwbqv, cwðg mvnviv, bvBRvi,
gvwj, K¨v‡giæb, kv`, †m‡bMvj, AvBfwi‡Kv÷, †Uv‡Mv, †ewbb, M¨veb, gv`vMv¯‥vi|
 `wÿY my`vbmn evwK †`k Dcwb‡ek wQjÑ weª‡U‡bi|

I‡kwbqv  cvcyqv wbDwMwb ¯^vaxbZv jvf K‡iÑ A‡÷ªwjqvi KvQ †_‡K|
 cvjvD ¯^vaxbZv jvf K‡iÑ RvwZms‡Ni AwQ cwil‡ì KvQ †_‡K (1994)
 wbDwRj¨vÛ Awafy³ AÂj: †Uv‡KjvD, KzK ØxccyÄ I wbD ØxccyÄ (Niue Islands)
 gvwK©b Awafy³ AÂj: ¸qvg, Av‡gwiKvb mv‡gvqv, I‡qK ØxccyÄ, cvjwgiv A¨vUj,
b`©vb© †gwib ØxccyÄ, wgWI‡q, nvDj¨vÛ, Rvwf©m, Rb÷b, wKsg¨vb I ev‡Ki
AvBj¨vÛ|
 d«vÝ Awafy³ AÂj: wbD K¨vj‡Wvwbqv, Iqvwjm GÛ d«zUzbv, †d«Â cwj‡bwkqv|
Dcwb‡ek msµvšÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨ [*******]
wReªvëvi eZ©gv‡b `L‡jÑ weª‡U‡bi [1704 †_‡K]
dKj¨vÛ †h †`‡ki Dcwb‡ekÑ weª‡U‡bi [1833 †_‡K]
Av›`vgvb I wb‡Kvei ØxccyÄ †h †`‡ki AskÑ fvi‡Zi
nvIqvB Øxc I Avjv¯‥v †h †`‡ki AskÑ h³iv‡óªi
cwðg cvcyqv I cwðg wZgyi †h †`‡ki AskÑ B‡›`v‡bwkqvi
mgMÖ Av‡gwiKv gnv‡`‡k GKgvÎ WvP Dcwb‡ekÑ mywibvg
eZ©gvb `v½vcxwoZ `vidzi eZ©gv‡bÑ my`v‡bi
weª‡Ub †_‡K gy³ nIqv me©‡kl †`kÑ nsKs
wØZxq wek^hy×Kvjxb †Kvwiqv, Pxb, evg©v, ZvBIqvb `L‡j wQj Rvcv‡bi
 nb©m Ae Avwd«Kv:
1. †mvgwjqv
2. Bw_Iwcqv
3. BwiwÎqv
4. wReywZ
†`‡ki Ask [*******]

†`k AšÍfy©³ cÖ‡`k
B‡›`v‡bwkqv ev›`v Av‡Pn, †evwb©I (eo Øxc), BwiqvbRvqv (wbDMvqvbv), KvwjgvšÍvb, evwj, ev›`ys, mygvÎv,
Rvfv, cwðg wZgyi, cwðg cvcyqv, myjv‡qwm, my›`v
Rvcvb my‡KvKz, †nv°vB‡Wv, nbï (eo), wKDï, wK‡qv‡Uv, wn‡ivwkgv, bvMvmvwK
wdwjcvBb jyRb, wg›`vbvI
A‡÷ªwjqv Zvmgvwbqv, wbD mvD_ I‡qjm
e„‡Ub wReªvëvi, I‡qjm, dKj¨vÛ, †m›U †n‡jbv, †m›U Gjev, evigy`v cÖf„wZ
wbDwRj¨vÛ KzK, wbD ØxccyÄ, mvD_ AvDj¨vÛ, b_© AvBj¨vÛ,
fviZ Av›`vgvb, wb‡Kvei
GB Aa¨v‡qi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Abykxjbx I weMZ cÖk:œ
01. †Kvb gnv‡`‡k civaxb †`k †ewk?
K. Avwd«Kv L. I‡kwbqv M. Gwkqv N. DËi Av‡gwiKv 01: L
02. Ô¸qvgÕ †Kvb As‡k?
K. gvB‡µv‡bwkqvq L. cwj‡bwkqvq M. †g‡jv‡bvwkqvq N. Gwkqv 02: K
03. Ôc~e© KvwjgvšÍvbÕ †Kvb †`‡ki Ask?
K. my`vb L. wgki M. B‡›`v‡bwkqv N. wmwiqv 03: M
04. Gwkqvq GKgvÎ gvwK©b Dcwb‡ekÑ
K. c~e© wZgyi L. jvIm M. B‡›`v‡bwkqv N. wdwjcvBb 04: N
05. wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i Av‡M Avwd«Kvq ¯^vaxb †`k wQj wZbwU| cÖkœ n‡jv Gi g‡a¨ †Kvb †`kwU †bB?
K. jvB‡eªwiqv L. wgki M. Bw_Iwcqv N. wjweqv 05: N
06. gvj‡qwkqv `yB fv‡M wef³| Gi GKwU Ask ÔgvjqÕ, Aci As‡ki bvg Kx?
K. my›`v L. myjv‡qwm M. mvivIqvK N. KvwjgvšÍvb 06: M
07. B‡›`v‡bwkqvi Ask bqÑ
K. jyRb L. Av‡Pn& M. cwðg cvcyqv N. wbD Mvqvbv 07: K
08. AvUjvw›UK I cÖkvšÍ gnvmvMi‡K wef³ K‡i‡Q †KvbwU?
K. cvbvgv cÖYvjx L. Iqv‡jm jvBb M. nb© AšÍixc N. DËgvkv AšÍixc 08: M
09. cwj‡bwkqvi †ewkifvM AÂjwU Kvi Aax‡b?
K. hy³ivR¨ L. hy³ivóª M. weª‡Ub N. d«vÝ 09: N
10. A‡÷ªwjqv †Kvb mvM‡ii Øxc?
K. cÖkvšÍ gnvmvMi L. fviZ gnvmvMi M. `wÿY gnvmvMi N. Zvmgvb mvMi 10: L
11. WvP Dcwb‡ekÑ
K. eªvwRj L. Av‡R©w›Ubv M. mywibvg N. Mvqvbv 11: M
12. Avwd«Kv gnv‡`‡ki †Kvb AskwU Gwkqvq?
K. wmqv‡Pb L. wmbvB M. MvRv DcZ¨Kv N. Kzw`©¯Ívb 12: L
13. ÔAvmIqvb evuaÕ †Kvb †`‡k?
K. wgki L. wjweqv M. BmivBj N. wdwjw¯Íb 13: K
14. divwmfvlx ÔKzB‡eKÕ AÂj KvbvWvi †Kvb AÂ‡j Aew¯’Z?
K. DËi-c~e© L. `wÿY-c~e© M. `wÿY-cwðg N. DËi-cwðg 14: L
15. ÔwMÖbj¨vÛÕ †Kvb gnv‡`‡k Aew¯’Z?
K. DËi Av‡gwiKv L. BD‡ivc M. AvK©wUK N. Gwkqv 15: K
16. Avwd«Kvi DËi-cwðgvÂj †Kvb †`‡ki Dcwb‡ek wQj?
K. BZvwj L. hy³ivóª M. weª‡Ub N. d«vÝ 16: N
17. Ô`v‡M¯ÍvbÕ †Kvb †`‡k?
K. Biv‡b L. AvdMvwb¯Ív‡b M. ZzK©‡gwb¯Ív‡b N. ivwkqvq 17: N
18. Ôf¨vWzRÕ †Kvb †`‡ki ivRavbx?
K. †gwm‡Wvwbqv L. emwbqv-nv‡R©‡Mvwfbv M. wjm‡Ub÷vBb N. †Kv÷vwiKv 18: M
19. 2018 mv‡j †Kvb †`‡ki bvg cwieZ©b nq?
K. Zz‡K©‡gwb¯Ívb L. wMÖm M. †gwm‡Wvwbqv N. wbDwRj¨vÛ 19: M
20. ga¨ Gwkqvi †`k bqÑ
K. KvRvL¯Ívb L. DR‡ewK¯Ívb M. wKiwMR¯Ívb N. Kzw`©¯Ívb 20: N

Basicview-2020 International - PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Basicview-2020 International - PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Basic View  AvšÍR©vwZK, evsjv‡`k, f~‡Mvj I mykvmb  wewmGm wcÖwj cÖv_©x‡`i Rb¨ 129

f~-ivRbxwZ (Geo-Politics) [********]

To know the explanation of confusion... Join fb group: View for GK

ii. b¨vh¨Zvi bxwZ (Principle of Equity)

To know the explanation of confusion... Join fb group: View for GK

Golden Triangle evg©v, jvIm I _vBj¨v‡Ûi mxgvbv hv gv`‡Ki Rb¨ KzL¨vZ|

Golden Ways KzL¨vZ

DwLqv evsjv‡`‡ki K·evRv‡i Aew¯’Z| GwU evsjv‡`k I wgqvbgv‡ii Bqvev c‡q›U

To know the explanation of confusion... Join fb group: View for GK

 dviv°v evu‡ai evsjv‡`‡k cÖwZwµqv:

wZ¯Ív euva (Teesta Barrage)

To know the explanation of confusion... Join fb group: View for GK

 `wÿY-c~e© Gwkqv: [*****]

 ga¨ Gwkqv: [*******]

Note: me¸‡jv †`kB mv‡eK †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi Aaxb wQj|

To know the explanation of confusion... Join fb group: View for GK

Note: me¸‡jv †`kB d«v‡Ýi Dcwb‡ek wQj|

 K¨vwiweqvb †`kmg~n: †gvU †`k 17wU| [****]

To know the explanation of confusion... Join fb group: View for GK

 I‡kwbqv: [`wÿY-c~e© cÖkvšÍ gnvmvM‡ii Øxc]

To know the explanation of confusion... Join fb group: View for GK

 `wÿY my`vbmn evwK †`k Dcwb‡ek wQjÑ weª‡U‡bi|

†`‡ki Ask [*******]

To know the explanation of confusion... Join fb group: View for GK

You might also like