RAMSRI ANNUAL REPORT FOR 2012

ABREVIATIONS
AAS Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
AFB Acid Fast Bacteria
AFRA African Regional Co-operative Agreement
AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
ARBC Applied Radiation Biology Centre
CCRC Cellular and Clinical Research Centre
C1C Cambridge International College (UK)
CRP Cordinated Research Project
CT Computerised Tomography
DNA Deoxyribonucleaic acid
EBF Exclusive Breastfeeding
FT1R Fourier Trasformed Infrared Spectrophotometer
GAEC Ghana Atomic Energy Commission
GMIC Ghana Medical Imaging Centre
GNA Ghana News Agency
GSFP Ghana Society for Medical Physics
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HPV Human Papilloma Virus
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
IMTF International Malnutrition Task Force
IRMS Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry
LFA Logical Framework Approach
MDR-TB Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis
MPECs Micronucleated Polychromatic Erythrocytes
MTB Mycobacterium tuberculosis
MRPC Medical Radiation Physics Centre
MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging
NAA Neutron Activation Analysis
NADMO National Disaster Management Organisation
NRC Nutrition Research Centre
NIRS National Institute of Radiological Scienses (Chiba, Japan)
PACT Program of Action for Cancer Therapy
PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction
PET Positron Emission Tomography
PSA Prostrate Stimulating Antigen
RAMSRI Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute
SAM Severe Acute Malnutrition
SNAS School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences
SOP Standard Operating Procedure
SPECT Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
TB Tuberculosis
TLD Thermoluminescent dosimeter
UG University of Ghana
WHO World Health Organisation
XRF X-Ray Fluorescences
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This report covers all activities carried out by the Centres of the Radiological and Medical
Sciences Research Institute in 2012. These include research and development activities,
workshops, conferences, seminars, staff training, constraints, achievements and projections for
2013
2.0 MANDATE, VISION. MISSION
2.1 MANDATE

The Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute was established in 2009 as the fourth
Research and Development Institute of GAEC. It is being nurtured into a medical complex,
composed of research centres, a hospital and a facility to deal with radiation emergencies in
Ghana. RAMSR1 will serve as a regional centre of excellence for cancer research and nuclear
medical sciences in general.
2.2 Vision
To be the leading medical research institution in Africa, employing nuclear techniques to promote
human health and nutrition.
2.3 Mission
To advance research in radiation medicine, cancer treatment, medical imaging, diagnostic
molecular biology and nutrition for improved health care delivery. To contribute to public health
delivery through the application of nuclear and isotopic techniques and the use of radiation
devices for the reduction of cancer incidence and combating poverty related infectious diseases in
Africa.
3.0 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
The Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute (RAMSRI) was established from Act
588 of 2000 in 2009, as the fourth Research and Development Institute under the Ghana Atomic
Energy Commission. RAMSRI occupies a unique position within the Commission, because it is
mandated to conduct research into radiation medicine and other nuclear techniques used in
healthcare. RAMSRI is poised to lead the way in nurturing healthcare programmes that employ
nuclear techniques. The organs of RAMSRI are the Management Board, Directorate and five
research centres namelv:
 • Medical Radiation Physics Centre
• Radiopharmacy and Nuclear Medicine Centre
• Applied Radiation Biology Centre
• Cellular and Clinical Research Centre
• Nutrition Research Centre

3.1 MANAGEMENT BOARD

No. Name Address Position

1. Prof. A.K. Nyarko Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Chairman
Research
2. Prof. Isabella Quakyi School of Public Health, UG Member
3. Prof. A. Lassey Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Member
KBTH
4. Dr. A.A. Sittite Centre for Research into Plant Medicine Member
5. Dr. (Mrs.) Verna National Centre for Radiotherapy and Member
Vanderpuye Nuclear Medicine
7. Dr. (Mrs.) Mary Boadu Radiological and Medical Sciences Member
■

Research Institute, (Ag. Director,

RAMSR1)
8. Dr. Rose Boatin Radiological and Medical Sciences Member
Research Institute, (Ag.Deputy Director,
RAMSRI)
8 Mr. David Bansa Radiological and Medical Sciences Member
Research Institute^ Staff Representative,
RAMSRI)
9 Mr. Charles Frimpong Radiological and Medical Sciences Secretary
Research Institute (Admin. Officer,
RAMSRI)
4.0 PERSONNEI

4.1 Staffing
The staff strength of the Institute as at 3 T December 2012 is captured below: c t

Position Number
Staff at post Study Leave
Director 1
Deputy Director 1
Scientific Staff 17 3

Technical Staff 12 2
Administrative Staff 5
' ----------------------------------------------- ~

Accountant 1
Total permanent staff 35
National Service Personnel 7
— ----------------------- - •

Overall Total 42 5

4.2 Staff Promotion

The following were promoted to higher positions:

Promoted
Name
From To
1. Ms. Theodosia Adorn Research Scientist Snr. Research Scientist
2. Mr. David Bansa Research Scientist Snr. Research Scientist
3. Mr. Daniel Achel Research Scientist Snr. Research Scientist
4. Mr. Charles Frimpong Asst. Admin. Officer Admin. Officer
5. Mrs. Juliana Lellatom Snr. Admin. Asst. Princ. Admin. Asst
— ,— _______________— ___ j
 Appointments
The following appointments were confirmed/ made:
Name Centre and Position
r— ------ --------- - — “ ■■ “ 1' “ ’ "■ 1 S IM ^ ~ “ "' ■■I 1

i Dr. Rose A.K. Boatin Directorate, Ag. Deputy Director

2 Mr. Shirazu Issahaku MRPC, Technologist
3 Mr. Mark Pokoo-Aikins MRPC, Technologist
4. Ms. Theresa Bebaaku Dery MRPC, Technologist
i— ----------------- — -- ---------- — — --— -— -— -— --------— — -- -------- --------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------

5. Air. Ernest Kojo Eduful MRPC, Technologist

™i - “ "■" ™ »

6. Mr. Akomeah Akwasi Agyekum ARBC, Asst. Research Scientist

7. Ms. Sandra Aabenyegah ARBC, Technologist
•

8. Ms. Felicia Akuamoa ARBC. Technologist

W

1
9. Air. Kennedy Kwame Amewosina NRC, Snr. Technician
l

L ________
4.4 Staff Development
Year of Year of
Name of Staff Programme Title of Research School
Commencement Completion
Juliana Lellatom MBA Cambridge 2012 2015
International College,
UK (CIC)
Kofi Bedzra Bachelor of Species Diversity of Ganoderma from the Lower Accra Polytechnic 2011 2013
Technology Volta River Basin
Science Laboratory
Technology
Kingsley K. Nsowah Bachelor of Quantification of Trace and Heavy Metals Level Accra Polytechnic 2011 2013
Technology Present in sorghum bicolaw variety Using the
Science Laboratory Atomic Absorption Photometry
Technology
Francis Hasford PhD Medical Ultrasound, PET and CT Image Fusion for Image SNAS, Univ. of 2011 2014
Physics Guidance in Prostate Brachytherapy Ghana, Atomic
Campus
Daniel Gyingiri Achel PhD Radiation Biological Dosimetry for Radiation Workers and the SNAS, University of 2010 2013
Protection Evaluation of Extracts from African Nutmeg (Phycnathus Ghana
 cmgolemis) for their Radioprotective Potential
Adolf Kofi Awua PhD Epidemiology Human Papilloma virus Infection and Cervical School of Public 2011 2014
(Public Health) Lesions among Women in a High Risk Population; Health, University of
In Two Sub-districts of the Lower Manya Krobo Ghana
District. Ghana.
/

Adu-Bobi Nana Afua PhD Radiation The Effects of Low Linear Energy Transfer SNAS, University of 2011 2014
Kobi Protection Radiations on the Expression Levels of p53 Ghana
Proteins in Bystander Cells

Dominic Dombiri Datohe BSc. (Applied Potential Links Between Irrigation Water Quality University for 2008 2012
Biology) and Microbiological Quality of Fresh Development
Vegetables and Fruits in Subsistence Farming in Studies
Tono in the Upper East Region of Ghana
RudolfAdaboro Mba BSc. (Laboratory An Experimentation of the Medicinal Potential of University of Cape 2010 2012
Technology) Alchomea codifolia Leaves Fruits. Essential Metals, Coast
Phytochemical and Antoxidant Analysis
 5.0 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
The following research projects, most of which are ongoing, have been undertaken during the
year 2012 by the respective centres of the Institute:

5.1 MEDICAL RADIATION PHYSICS AND RADIOPHARMACY AND

NUCLEAR MEDICINE CENTRES

5.1.1 Quality Assurance of the Physical Aspects of Advanced Technology in

Radiotherapy.

Investigators: Edward Akaho, John Amuasi and +Kwaku Nani

This is an IAEA Doctoral Coordinated Research Project which ended in the 2012. The
research activity is related to the IAEA TC project on the establishment of the School of
Nuclear and Allied Sciences on the campus of the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission
(GAEC) in collaboration with the University of Ghana (UG), Legon-Accra, for preservation,
maintenance and enhancement of nuclear knowledge in Ghana and Africa. This activity
addresses a peculiar problem in Africa where skills in advanced dosimetry, treatment
techniques and related quality assurance programmes are lacking due to the scarcity of the
appropriate educational and research facilities required for proper training and education.

5.1.2 Ultrasound, PET and CT image Fusion for Image Guidance in Prostate
Brachytherapy.

Investigators: Francis Hasford, John Amuasi, Kwame Kyere, Mboyo-Di-Tamba Vangu.

Project is sponsored by the IAEA (GHA 6016) and employs the fusion of images from three
different modalities i.e. Ultrasound, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Computed
Tomography (CT) of a prostate phantom. The three imaging procedures are performed on a
phantom in the same set-up condition, and algorithms written in MatLab to fuse the images.
The research would not only be for diagnostic purposes but help in the better assessment of
doses and tumour volumes for improved dose calculation algorithms for treatment planning.
The research being undertaken will lead to the award of a PhD degree.
Rigorous algorithms in MatLab have already been developed. These algorithms have been
tested and proven to improve the contrast and sharpness of medical images from ultrasound
and CT. The algorithms were tested on randomly selected ultrasound and CT prostatic images
which were obtained from the internet. Currently, image segmentation, construction and
reconstruction algorithms are also being written in MatLab to analyze the prostatic images.
Quality Control tests are yet to be performed on the imaging systems (ultrasound, PET and
CT equipment) which would be used in the study. The tests will lead to simultaneous image
acquisition of the prostate phantom using the three imaging systems. Transforination matrices
will then be established using the acquired images, after which the images will be fused
together in MatLab. Finally, verification would be performed to assess the image co­
registration accuracy.

5.1.3 Dose Calibrator Operation and Quality Control Assessment

Investigators: Edem Sosu, Francis Hasford, Ernest Eduful, Shirazu Issahaku, Theophilus
Sackey and Mary Boadu

Nuclear medicine is a medical specialty involving the application of radioactive substances in

the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Nuclear medicine procedures are among the safest
diagnostic imaging exams available. Nuclear medicine instrument can be divided into two
namely: Imaging and Non-imaging devices. Imaging devices include SPECT, PET,
SPECT/CT and PET/CT. Non-imaging devices include gamma probes, well counters, uptake
probes, survey meters and dose calibrators. The main objective of this study is to perform
four quality control tests on the Capintec CRC J-15R dose calibrator at the Korle-Bu
Teaching Hospital. The tests include: accuracy, constancy, linearity and geometry.
All four tests were vigorously undertaken at the facility. Sealed source (Cs-137) was used to
undertake accuracy and constancy test whereas unsealed source technetium was used to
undertake linearity and geometry test. The duration of the testing period was 2 months
The CAPINTEC CRC'-I5R Dose calibrator has passed both the accuracy and geometry
assessment tests since their deviation values were less than 10% and from literature, deviation
values should be less than 10% to pass a quality control test. The graphs from the constancy
and linearity assessment test indicate the CAP1NTEC CRC®-15R Dose calibrator passed the
constancy and the linearity assessment tests.
For proper performance of the dose calibrator, it is recommended that daily, quarterly and
annual tests of the system be adhered to effectively. Also for more detailed tests, more
reference (sealed) sources should be purchased for the Nuclear Medicine Department.
Without the presence of a source in the dose calibrator chamber, the calibrator recorded an
unusually high reading. It is therefore recommended that dose calibrator be sent for
recalibration or for an electronic check-up.

5.1.4 Strengthening Radiological Protection of the Patient and Medical Exposure

Control

Investigators: Boadu M, Awua-Siaw T.N., Schandorf C., Inkoom S., Gyekye P., Mensah C.,
Arwui Cyrus C., and Wortorchi S.

Project is ongoing and is funded by the IAEA (RAF/9/033) with country focus on the
following areas:
• Surveys of image quality and patient doses in simple radiographic examinations,
establishing guidance levels and comparison with international standards.
• Survey of mammography practice from the optimization of radiation protection view
point.
• Patient dose management in computed tomography with special emphasis to
paediatric patients.
• Steps necessary to avoid accidental exposure in radiotherapy.

5.1.5 National Breast Screening Programme in Ghana

Investigators: Mary Boadu, Edem Sosu, Francis Hasford, Theophilus Sackey, Eric Addison,
Cyril Schandorf
The research is ongoing and is on diagnostic mammography techniques for breast
examination in Ghana. The objectives of the work are:
• To obtain accurate data of breast cancer incidence and prevalence rate in the country.
• Use data collected and analyzed for awareness creation of the disease through education
of the general public to promote the need for early screening, diagnosis and/or treatment
to reduce breast cancer mortality rate in Ghana.
*

• Advocate the formulation of a National Breast Screening policy and for the setting up of
Designated Breast Screening Centres throughout the country to allow early Breast Cancer
Detection which improves the possibility of cure and preventing the need for costly
treatment at a later stage.
Survey on 1.671 patients undergoing diagnostic mammography examination at three
mammography centres in Accra has been conducted. The data were analyzed based on a
number of categories such as patient's profession, body mass index, clinical history and
clinical diagnosis. A research article has been published from this work.
The study is yet to be extended to other parts of the country where mammography services
are offered. This will lead to a national awareness creation on breast cancer incidences, need
for early screening and management of the disease. There will also be advocacy on the
formulation of a national policy on breast screening and the setting up of breast screening
centres.

5.1.6 The influence of Metals on the Incidence of Prostate Cancer

Investigators: Lawrence A. Sarsah, Godfred O. Duodu, Elom A.S. Achoribo, Nana A. Adu-
Bobi and Shadrack Donkor

Metal ions are significant contaminants of the environment and are also present in the diet.
Yet, their impacts on normal and malignant prostatic functions are poorly understood. Data
from a relatively limited number of studies have identified zinc as a crucial intracellular trace
element of the prostate. Human exposure to cadmium is normally via food, air and water
contamination however. occupational exposure and cigarette smoking may contribute
significantly to the average bodily burden.
In animal and cell culture studies, cadmium is a proven carcinogen of the prostate, although
its mechanism of action is entirely unclear. One study has however, indicated a stronger
correlation between Cadmium exposure and evolution of an aggressive form of prostatic
adenocarcinomas. Finally, results from a handful of investigations suggest that both copper
and arsenic may have potential carcinogenic action in the prostate. It is obvious that the link
between metals and prostate cancer is poorly understood. This study seeks to find out if there
is a profile of metals associated with elevated levels of PSA, a commonly used tumor marker
in the staging of prostate cancer.

5.1.7 Clinical Services

Staff have been responsible for some of the Medical Physics duties at the National Centre for
Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine of Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital.

Patients undergoing (a) diagnostic imaging and (b) radiotherapy

Duties of RAMSRI personnel at Korle-Bu include:

• Performance of Quality Control (QC) and Quality Assurance (QA) checks on the Siemens
E.CAM SPECT scanner and the Cobalt-60 Radiotherapy equipment.
• Training of nuclear medicine personnel of Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital on advanced
technologies for imaging and therapy.
• Responsibility for radiation protection of staff and patients.
 Scientists from the Centre conducting dosimetry and quality checks on radiotherapy and nuclear medicine

equipment

5,2. CELLULAR AND CLINICAL RESEARCH CENTRE

5.2.1 Applying Molecular Techniques to Interventions Against the Major Poverty
Related Diseases (HIV, TB and Malaria) for Improving Disease Control
(Tuberculosis Aspect)
Investigators: Oti Kwasi Gyamfi, Adolf Awua, Edna Dzifa Doe, Kofi Bedzra, Kingsley
Nsowah. Counterparts: National Tuberculosis Control Programme (NTP); Noguchi
Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana.
This is an IAEA sponsored project (RAF6040) with the overall objective to apply molecular
techniques to determine the prevalence of MDR-TB amongst microscopy positive slides in
high-risk populations groups in Ghana to improve diseases control in the selected countries,
The three major killer diseases in Africa are HIV, TB and malaria. Approximately 70% of
adults and 80 % of children living with HIV/AIDS live in Africa. Tuberculosis leads to 3
million deaths every year of which about 90% occur in developing countries, where drug
surveillance and rapid detection to anti-TB drugs resistance is uncommon. The annual
incidence of TB is 565 per 100 000 in the African population. There are many areas of
intersection and similarities between the three diseases, which led to the establishment of the
Global Fund for AIDS, TB and Malaria to address common issues. In HIV-infected
individuals in Africa, TB is the leading cause of death. The pathogenesis of these two
infections is linked in a deadly synergy.
A total of 373 MTB isolates have so far been successfully cultured, harvested and preserved
in Middlebrook 7H9 media as follows:
Isolates from Prison inmates = 29
Isolates from smear-positive patients presenting at selected clinics = 344
Cultured samples under observation =42
Contaminated cultured samples =24
Cultured samples unable to grow =20

A scientist performing drug resistance test for MTBC isolates

5,2.2 The Molecular Characterisation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) Strains

Seen at Post-mortem in a Tertiary Health Facility in Ghana.
Investigators: Oti Kwasi Gyamfi. Kofi D Bedzra, Kingsley Nsowah, Victor Dugbartey,
Gordon Awandare, Lydia Mosi and R.K Gyasi
Main Objectives are to estimate the prevalence of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) seen at post-mortem
(PM) in a Tertiary Health Facility, estimate culture-active TB in suspicious
pathologies/lesions at PM, identify MTB strains from isolates obtained from culture,
characterise the genetic molecular nature of the MTB strains and estimate the efficiency of
PM assessments on The cause of death* with reference to mycobacterial infections
There is very little genetic molecular information available on MTB strains that may be
isolated from tuberculous lesions seen at post-mortem in Ghanaian cadavers in Tertiary
Health facilities. Since the onset of HIV-AIDS, TB has gained notoriety as the single most
opportunistic infection and leading cause of death in HIV-infected patients.
A total of 50 specimens have been collected from thirty-seven (35) cadavers. Thirty-four
(34) specimens have been processed (microscopic examination and culture). Thirty-seven
(37) isolates have been realised, harvested and appropriately stored in Middlebrook 7H9
media for downstream molecular analysis. The rest, 16 processed specimens, are under
observation.

Routine inoculation of sputum samples for the

A scientist preparing for PCR amplification
isolation MTBC

5.2.3 Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Lesions among Women in a High
Risk Population in the Lower Manya Krobo District, Ghana

Investigators: A K Avvua, R. M. Adanu, W. K. Wiredu, E. K Afari, S. Tijani

The objectives of this project are to determine the prevailing risk factors and the patterr
HPV infection among women living in a high risk population of Ghana.
Cervical carcinoma continues to be an important public health issue in developing countries.
The only known necessary factor for the development of this cancer is infection by the
human Papillomavirus; which is responsible for an estimated 500,000 cervical cancer cases
every year. A detailed epidemiological data on the usefulness of Human Papillomavirus
(HPV) testing in every geographical area holds significant future implication for early
detection, reduction of cervical cancer burden, and the evaluation of the usefulness of the
HPV vaccines. These data are not available for Ghana.
Subjects are being randomly selected from the communities within the Akuse sub-district of
the Lower Manya Krobo district, Eastern Region. A questionnaire is being used to obtain
demographic information and data on risk factors. Cervical swabs are being obtained for both
Pap smear testing and HPV detection and genotyping. Data would be statistically analysed
for relationships (odds ratio and chi squares). Participants with positive test would be referred
to hospitals for further management. The study is expected to provide the following
information: a population based HPV genotype distribution and its association with cervical
lesions, demographic information and existing risk factors of cervical cancer for Ghana.

5.2.4 Levels of Selected Heavy Metals in Wheat Flour on the Ghanaian Market; A
Determination by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Investigators: Edna Dzifa Doe, Adolf Kofi Awua, Oti Kwasi Gyamfi

The objectives of this study were to compare the concentrations of heavy metals in the wheat
flour produced in Ghana and one imported from Turkey with the view of assessing the
possible health benefits/risk associated with the consumption of these products if any.
Wheat flour is an important source of nutrients and as such is widely consumed in most part
of the world, as bread and other pastries. Due to its high consumption, the presence of heavy
metal at high concentration would be a significant health risk. Based on the soil in which the
wheat was grown and the milling technology employed in making the flour, the heavy metal
content of wheat flour varies. In investigating heavy metal content of flour on the Ghanaian
market, (one made in Ghana and another made in Turkey) an atomic absorption
spectrophotometric analysis of milestone acid digested flour was used with the appropriate
standards. With a 9% - 100.4% recovery rate, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cd, Pb were detected at varying
concentrations in both flour samples, while Co, Ni, Cu, Cr, As, Hg were below detection
limits. The levels of the nutritionally important elements such as Fe and Zn would be
beneficial to human health, while those of the toxic element present are not likely to pose any
health risk to consumers of this flour.

A technician preparing for heavy metal analysis

5.2.5 Phenolic and Flavonoid Content of Some Selected Spices and Seasonings in Ghana

Investigators: Edna Dzifa Doe, S.E.A. Achoribo, Adolf Kofi Awua, Sandra Agbenyega

This study sought to ascertain the safety and health benefits of some selected spices and
seasonings commonly used in terms of phytochemicals present.
A number of spices collected from Accra Markets. Ghana, were analyzed for phenolic and
flavonoid content, measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu method using Gallic acid as standard
(Singleton et a/., 1999) with modifications to see their impact in food preparation. In general,
the phenol concentrations were high in the local spices compared to the imported samples.

5.2.6 Evaluation of Oxalate Content of Some Indigenous and Manufactured Spices and
Seasonings in Ghana.

Investigators: Edna Dzifa Doe, S.E.A. Achoribo, Adolf Kofi Awua, Sandra Agbenyega,
Robert Yankey

This study sought to ascertain the safety of some selected spices and seasonings commonly
used in terms of amounts of oxalate present
In this study, six indigenous (LS) and fifteen industry produced spices (IPS) and seasonings
available to the Ghanaian consumer have been examined for their oxalate content using ultra
violet -visible spectroscopy. The oxalate content of the LS was found to be between 0.74 and
4.99 mg/g whereas that of the IPS was between G-0.05 mg/g and 7.5 mg/g. Although the LS
recorded a higher average oxalate content than the IPS, the difference was not statistically
significant (p<0.05). Among the IPS samples, curry based spices and seasonings exhibited
higher oxalate content.
5.3 NUTRITION RESEARCH CENTRE
5.3.1 Applying Nuclear Techniques to Design and Evaluate Interventions to Reduce
Obesity and Related Health Risks
Investigators: Theodosia Adorn, Rose Boatin, David Bansa, Matilda Steiner-Asiedu,
Dominic Datohe, Christian Brown Akusika Diaba, Kennedy Amewosina

Overall Objective
This is an IAEA sponsored project (RAF6042) with the overall objective to inform the design
and improvement of interventions aimed at prevention and control of obesity and related
health risks such as hypertension among school children in Africa.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has highlighted childhood obesity as one of the most
serious health challenges of the 21st century. Obese children are at greater risk of non-
communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and stroke in adulthood.
Rapid urbanisation, unhealthy diet and increasingly sedentary lifestyle have contributed to the
increasing prevalence of obesity, diabetes, hypertension and high blood pressure in African
countries. More than one-third of African women are estimated to be overweight, and the
WHO predicts that will rise to 41% in the next 10 years. This project aims to develop and
evaluate interventions to prevent and control obesity in children and women.
The project is directly linked to regional WHO strategies on overweight and obesity in
women and children and on prevention of non-communicable diseases. Stable isotope
techniques will add value by increasing the sensitivity of measurements in assessing
nutritional status (body fat), total energy expenditure and physical activity. Eleven (11)
Member States are participating: Benin, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Namibia,
Senegal, South Africa, Tunisia, Uganda and United Republic of Tanzania.
The overall design is a Validation Study to be will be done in two phases. All eleven (11)
countries will conduct a situation assessment study in phase I using mainly Fourier
Transform Infrared spectrometry (FTIR). In the second phase, impact evaluation (with
comparison group) will be done by some countries (Morocco, Mauritius and South Africa)
due to availability of relevant equipment, Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) and
related expertise.
Two Coordination meetings have been held to design the project and agree on the workplan,
develop, harmonise and adopt methodologies and standard operating procedures (SOPs) to be
used. Draft study protocol has been prepared and will be submitted for approval upon
finalisation of survey instrument such as SOPs and questionnaires. Research team members
will solicit for funds to support local operational cost.

A laboratory technologist preparing for measurement of deuterium enrichment with

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer(FTIR)

5.3.2 Applying Stable Isotope Techniques to Monitor and Improve Infant and Young
Child Nutrition Interventions in AFRA Countries
Investigators: David Bansa, Theodosia Adorn, Rose Boatin, Maxwell Aryee, Wilheimina
Okwabi, Christian Brown, Mawumefa Diaba, Dominic Datohe and Titus Vuore, Kennedy
Amewosina

This is an IAEA sponsored project (RAF6039) with the overall objective to contribute to
improved infant and young child nutrition and health in AFRA Member States.
In Africa, only 30% of infants are exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life. Ghana
like other countries in the region has continued to have low exclusive breastfeeding (EBF)
rates with only 53% reporting EBF among infants below 6 months of age. It is to the
advantage of African countries to be able to monitor accurately the true EBF rate, and in this
way, be able to assess the effectiveness of strategies for promotion of appropriate feeding that
are not biased by self-report. Serial evaluation of EBF may also address the issue of the
duration of EBF, how much breast milk babies take at different periods and how much water
from other sources. The project aims at contributing to improved infant and young child
nutrition and health in AFRA Member States.
Mother-baby pairs were recruited at the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission Clinic. A total of
53 mother-baby pairs were sampled at 3 months, 52 at 6 months, 49 at 9 months and 44 at 12
months post delivery. Six (6) mother-baby pairs withdrew from the project as a result of
unavailability for sampling, relocation, lost of interest, and death. Samples/data collected
include deuterated saliva, anthropometry, socio-demography, infant feeding, morbidity,
mortality as well as maternal health by observation and structured questionnaire on each
sampling visit. Saliva samples are being analysed for deuterium enrichment using the FTIR.
Sampling collection, analysis and data compilation is ongoing.
Data generated will contribute to better understanding of infant and young child feeding
practices in AFRA Member States by providing more reliable information on the EBF rates
among their populations, comprehensive and better understanding of infant and young child
feeding practices of mothers and how EBF affects maternal body composition.

Deuterium dosing of a mother

5.3.3 Exposure of Breastfed Infants to Arsenic, Mercury and Lead in some Gold Mining
Areas in Ghana
Investigators: David Bansa, Theodosia Adorn, Rose Boatin, Wilhelmina Okwabi, S Ofosu,
Christian Brown Akusika Diaba, Dominic Datoheand Titus Vuore, Kennedy Amewosina

This is an IAEA sponsored project (Contract No, 15008) with the overall objective to
estimate the intake of arsenic, mercury and lead through human milk by breastfed infants in
some gold mining areas in Ghana.
Mercury, arsenic and lead occur naturally in the environment in very small amounts but
human activities bring them into air, water, food and soil in amounts greater than the natural
occurrence. Accumulation of these elements in human is mainly through the food chain.
Although fish can be an important source of nutrition for developing children, some fish such
as king mackerel and large tuna in contaminated areas may contain high levels of mercury.
Exposure to arsenic is mainly via intake of food and drinking water, food being the most
important source in most populations. Green leafy vegetables growing near polluted areas are
the main route of exposure to lead in food. Some researchers have reported mercury and
arsenic contamination in sediments, soils, water, food crops and fish in some gold mining
towns such as Obuasi, Dumasi, Dunkwa-on-Offin and their environs (Amonoo-Niezer et al
1996; Golow & Adzei, 2002; Bannerman et al 2003; Golow & Mingle, 2003; Babut et al
2003).
The WHO recommends exclusive or predominant breastfeeding during the first 6 months and
thereafter of an infant’s life. Despite its advantages, breastmilk can also be a route of
maternal excretion of toxic elements especially in mothers living in contaminated areas
thereby constituting a risk for the infants’ health, growth and development. The project seeks
to estimate intake of arsenic, mercury and lead through human milk by breastfed infants aged
about 3 months in Tarkwa and Obuasi, gold mining areas in Ghana.
A total of 69 mother-baby pairs were enrolled with attrition rate of 17, i.e. there is complete
data and sample for 52 mother-baby pairs. Body weight, height/length and mid-upper arm
circumference of mothers and their babies were taken. Samples collected include deuterated
saliva for milk intake and body composition; breast milk, hair, nails, soil, drinking water and
urine samples for arsenic, mercury and lead using NAA, XRF/AAS; dietary intake data using
modified 24 hour recall and duplicate food sample collection. Study questionnaires were used
to collect data on socio-demography, morbidity, mortality and infant feeding. Sampling was
done at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post partum. Field data collection has been completed. Sample
analysis and data compilation is ongoing.
Information on the extent of exposure of breastfeeding infants and their mothers to these
toxic elements, and the lactation performance and body composition of breastfeeding mothers
in gold mining areas will be available at the end of the project.
 Sampling from a baby for the assessment of body
composition and breast milk intake

5.3.4: Investigation of the antimicrobial activities of some S o la n u m to rv u m accessions in

Ghana

Investigators: T. Mahami, F.C.K. Ocloo, N. T. Afful, S. T. Odonkor

The objective of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Solanum torvum
against important food borne pathogens
There is growing interest in recent times in the use of natural plant extracts in food
preservation due to their antimicrobial properties. This is because most conventional physical
food preservation methods have limitations due to their effect on food constituents and
chemical preservation methods also leave residues in food. Solanum torvum commonly
known as turkey berry is used as vegetables and essential ingredients in traditional Ghanaian
dishes. Antimicrobial activity of parts of the plant against human and clinical isolates has
been reported recently. Seeds from ten different accessions of the plant were harvested
separately from the farm, stored in polyethylene bags, labelled and sent to the laboratory
immediately for analysis.
In the laboratory crude (aqueous) extract of the seed was prepared in distilled after at the
following concentrations (lOg/lOOml, 50g/100ml and lOOg/lOOml) as below; Sub samples
were taken from seeds previously stored at 4° C, allowed to equilibrate to room temperature,
washed in clean water, dried and sprayed with 70% alcohol to decontaminate. Seeds were
thereafter stomachered in a standard stomacher bag. Inoculums were prepared from 24 hr
cultures of Staphylococcus aureous and E. coli taken from the culture collection of the
microbiology laboratory and adjusted to turbidity equal to 0.5 McFarland standards

(approximately 10 cfu/ml) in peptone water. Antimicrobial susceptibility of aqueous extracts

y
of Solarium torvum seeds was tested against E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus applying the
Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) method.

5.3.5: Awareness of H1N1 Pandemic among Tertiary Students in Accra, Ghana

Investigators: S.T.Odonkor and T. Mahami

The objective of the study was to identify and assess the level of awareness of Swine flu
among students as well as assess the level of personal hygiene amongst students

Influenza disease is a challenge worldwide. The 2009 pandemic influenza caused an outbreak
in several countries including Ghana. This resulted in the Ghana Health service and National
Disaster Management Organization (NADMO) to outline mitigation measures to control the
outbreak of the disease especially in the schools. This study assessed the level of awareness
of swine flu and the associated risk factors among students. A self-administered questionnaire
was used to assess the opinions of 213 students from four (4) tertiary institutions in the
Greater-Accra region of Ghana. Results from the study showed that, the majority (65.3%) of
respondents was between ages 15-25 with the female being the most (58.2%). 80.8% of
respondents were in level 100. 91.5% of respondents know about the H1N1 outbreak with
62.4% hearing it from radio and television. 81.7% said seminars were not organized in their
schools, whilst 60.1% stated that H1N1 can be contracted through droplets of an infected
person. 93.4% stated that they cover their nose or mouth when sneezing or coughing and
75.1% use handkerchief. 54.55% say they change their handkerchiefs every day and exactly
54% stated that they wash their handkerchief immediately. 61.5% stated that they wash their
hands after shaking hands with people. 81.7% and 6.1% of respondents who know and do not
know about HlNlrepectively stated that they will report to the nearest clinic/hospital when
they are infected with the virus. 68.1% of those who know about H1N1 and 4.7% of those
who do not know about HIN1 stated that they will advise a student who shows signs of
H1N1 to seek medical care. The results supported the efforts made by the government
institutions in increasing the level of aware and enhancing their personal hygiene practices.
However there is the need for continuous education, in order to control the spread of the
H1N1 influenza
5.4 APPLIED RADIATION BIOLOGY CENTRE
5.4.1: Coordinated Research Project (CRP) - Strengthening of “biological dosimetry” in
IAEA member states Improvement of current techniques and intensification of
collaboration and networking among the different institutes.

Project Code: IAEA Research Contract No: 17126

Investigators: D.G. Achel, Nana Afua Kobi Adu-Bobi, Shadrack Donkor, Nii Boye
Hammond, Elom Achoribo

This is an IAEA sponsored project (Contract No. 17126) with the objective to provide a
framework to build capacity to effectively respond to a radiological/nuclear emergency that
may affect the Ghanaian public and neighbouring countries.

Radiation induced unstable chromosome aberration frequency in peripheral lymphocytes is a

powerful tool for early biological dose assessment in cases of accidental overexposures, in
occupational medicine and epidemiological studies. Ghana has significant activities in
industries such as industrial radiology (mining and oil refinery), radiotherapy, medical
radiology and military deployments. In addition, Ghana aims at including nuclear power in its
energy mix in the near future.

In the light of these, competence in techniques in biodosimetry for Ghana is essential. It is

important to estimate doses absorbed by exposed persons immediately after a planned or
unplanned radiological incident in order to plan their therapy, and in the longer term, assess
possible health consequences. Currently, competence in biological dosimetry amongst the
Sub-Saharan countries remain a gray area thus, developing skills in this discipline in Ghana
will be a major milestone and a big boost to Ghana in particular and African in general.

Work done:
Lymphocyte cultures were established and processed for metaphase chromosomes and
Ethical Clearance is being sought.
 Lymphocyte metaphase chromosome spreads at
zero dose radiation exposure.

5.4.2: Nutritional properties of Solatium torvum

Investigators: Akwasi Akomea Agyekum, Daniel Gyngiri Achel, Shadrack Donkor, Nana
Afua Adu-Bobi, Felicia Akuamoah and Sandra Agbenyegah

The objectives of project are to evaluate the mineral, total polyphenolics, flavonoids contents
and the antioxidant activity of the fruits of Solanum torvum, with the view of contributing to
the knowledge base of indegionous Ghanaian vegetables and thus promote their consumption.

Solanum torvum is a tropical fruit with increasing national and international acceptance. The
aim of this work was to evaluate the mineral content, total phenolics, flavonoids and the
antioxidant activity of frozen Solanum torvum. Results indicated that the Solanum torvum
contained higher amounts of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and Ni. The highest flavonoid and phenolic
content were found in methanolic extracts. The total phenolic and flavonoid values scored
0.001188-0.002410 mg GAE/g andl2.603914.5324 pg QE/g respectively. The study
indicates that solanum consumed is prospective source of dietary minerals, antioxidants,
flavonoid and phenolic and may contribute substantial health and neutraceuticals benefits to
our bodies.

'm
** fc ,
*

A . .

Vv t

A scientist passaging cells

5.4.3: Evaluation of the Types of p53 Mutations Occurring in Prostate Cancer Cases
Presented at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra

Investigators: Nana Afua Kobi AduBobi, Shadrack Donkor, Daniel Gyingiri Achel,
Lawrence Akono Sarsah, Akwasi Akomea, Agyekum,William Kudzi and George Awuku
Asare

The objective of project is to establish a correlation between the types of p53 mutations
occurring in Prostate cancer cases presented at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra.
Cancer has gradually become one of the deadliest conditions in human health worldwide with
incidence/ prevalence and mortality rates steadily rising annually. Prostate cancer occurs in
men and is currently the second leading cause of death in men with cancers in Ghana. The
country is reported to have exceeded the global prostate limit with 200 cases per 100,000 men
as against 170/100,000 globally (GNA, 2007). Treatment and survival rates in most cancer
cases largely depend on an early diagnosis.
This project seeks to evaluate the types of a commonly mutated gene (p53) in most cancer
cases as a means of early detection and probable increased chances of patients’ survival. The
research aims at evaluating a rapid and less invasive method at the molecular level (gene-
related) that would be effectively efficient at detecting the presence of cancerous cells at the
initial stages of the disease development. Ultimately collaborating between research and
health care institutes, the work has assembled a team of researchers with diverse backgrounds
in health sciences, aimed at a multi-faceted approach ensuring a feasible solution not only
theoretically but practically too.

A scientist analysing and capturing data after molecular

analysis
5.4.4 Comparison of the in vitro and in vivo Radioprotective (Cytoprotective) and
Genoprotective (Genotoxic) potential of extracts from P : angolensis (Welw.)
warb with prospective herbal and non-herbal radioprotectors using X-rays as a
mutagenic agent.
PhD Student: Daniel Ache!
Place of study: Faculty of Medicine-Dentistry Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical
Radiology Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine Campus, 30100 Murcia Spain
Supervisor: Prof. Miguel Alcaraz Banos
This is the PhD thesis of Mr Daniel Achel sponsored by IAEA (Fellowship No. GHA/10021)
The purpose of the present study is to investigate extracts from P. angolensis and some other
plant sources and evaluate their in vitro and in vivo cytoprotective and genoprotective
properties in comparison with equivalent properties of some selected non-herbal substances
using X-ray as mutagen; the experimental models being human peripheral blood lymphocytes
and mice. Cytotoxicity of the herbal extracts towards PNT-cells was assessed. Threshold
concentrations of the extracts to in vitro experimental model were evaluated and the optimum
concentrations of these extracts used for all assay involving test extract. Extracts were
dissolved in DMSO/PBS hence maximum tolerable levels of diluent (DMSO in PBS) were
also evaluated. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of semi-purified P. angolensis seed extracts
rich in Q52 and the other herbal extracts were evaluated via the MTT assay. An initial
radioprotective study is suggestive that the extract may offer radioprotection to cells when
administered post irradiation, Cytoprotective studies effects of the test compounds on cell
lines was conducted by exposing known doses of the test compounds to cancerous and non-
cancerous cell lines in 96-well plates and exposing same to 10 and 20 Gys of X-radiation.
The cells were then evaluated after 48 and 72 hrs for viability and proliferation respectively
and related to cytoprotection. Radioprotective capacity of extract is being compared with
other substances (both herbal and non-herbal) some with known radioprotective ability. The
combined 3 radioprotective effects of some of these substances are also being assessed and
the dose reduction factors (if any) will be computed. Radioprotective/genotoxic/anti-
mutagenic effects of the test substances on peripheral blood lymphocytes (in vitro) are
currently being evaluated by exposing peripheral blood lymphocytes to different extract
concentrations and following biological response with the frequency of MN production.
Micronuclei induction in mouse bone marrow (for in vivo) is also being pursued by exposing
laboratory mice to guided doses of the test substances and measuring anticlastogenicity via
the in vivo erythrocyte micronucleus assay as described in OECD
guideline 1997.
 A technician preparing to concentrate plant extract

6. ON-GOING IAEA TC AND AFRA PROJECTS

PROJECT NATIONAL
COUNTERPART
i
1 Strengthening of Biological dosimetry in IAEA Mr. Daniel Achel
. •

1 Member States. Improvement of Current Techniques

and intensification of collaboration and networking
among the different institutes
CRP 17126
2 Applying Molecular Techniques to Interventions Mr. Oti Kwasi Gyamfi
Against the Major Poverty-related Diseases (HIV, TB
and Malaria) for Improving Disease Control (- TB
Aspect) RAF 6/040
3 Strengthening Radiological Protection of the Patient Dr. Mary Boadu
and Medical Exposure Control RAF/9/044
4 Promoting Regional and National Quality Assurance Mr. Theophilus Sackey
Programme for Medical Physics and Nuclear Medicine.
RAF/6/038
1

5 Medical Physic in Support of Cancer Management. Mr. Francis Hasford

RAF/6/044
6 Applying Nuclear Techniques to Design and Evaluate Ms. Theodosia Adorn
Interventions to Reduce Obesity and Related Health
Risks RAF 6042
 7 Applying Stable Isotope Techniques to Monitor and Mr. David Bansa
Improve Infant and Young Child Nutrition
Interventions in AFRA Countries RAF/6/039
8 Exposure of Breastfed Infants to Arsenic and Mercury Mr. David Bansa
in Some Gold Mining Areas in Ghana
CRP 15008

8.0 HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

Scientists from the Institute have proposed and been supervising the projects of Masters and
PhD. students. Staff from the Institute also lecture students at SNAS and various institutes of
higher learning in the country and have been resource persons in international training
programmes. Some of the key activities undertaken by staff of RAMSRI to build human
capacity are indicated below.

8.1 Lecturing of Students

Staff of RAMSRI have been providing training to a broad spectrum of medical and health
professionals in the hospitals (doctors, nurses, technologists etc.), scientists in the industry
and research institutions, offering practical and lectures in subject areas such as: Radiation
Protection, Radiation Dosimetry and Radiotherapy Physics, Therapy Radiography, Oral
Radiology, Chemistry of Irradiated Food, Cell and Molecular Biology, Microbiology etc.

8.2.1 Supervision of Students’ Projects

For the year under review, staff of the Institute assisted in the supervision of the projects of
one PhD and nine MPhil students as indicated below:

8.2.1.1 PhD Thesis (Ongoing): The Effects of Low Linear Energy Transfer Radiations on
the Expression Levels of p53 Proteins in Bystander Cells.
Student: Nana Afua Kobi Adu-Bobi
Supervisor: Dr. Mary Boadu and Prof. Miguel Alcaraz
8.2.1.2 MPhil Thesis (Ongoing): Patient Dose Assessment from Fluoroscopic Procedures in
some Selected Facilities in Ghana.
Student: Edward Gyasi
Supervisor: Dr. Mary Boadu and Prof. Schandorf

8.2.1.3 MPhil Thesis (Ongoing): Evaluation of the Automatic Exposure Control System for
some Selected Diagnostic Mammography Facilities in Greater Accra Region of Ghana.
Student: Richard Amesimenu
Supervisor: Dr. Mary Boadu and Prof Cyril Schandorf

8.2.1.4 MPhil Thesis (Completed): Assessment of Scintigraphic Image Quality in SPECT.

Student: Ernest Eduful
Supervisors: Prof. John H. Amuasi, Mr. Edem Sosu and Mr. Francis Hasford

8.2.1.5 Mphil Thesis (Completed): Effect of Acquisition Parameters on Image Quality

Student: Shirazu Issahaku
Supervisors: Prof. J.H.Amuasi, Hasford Mr. Francis and Mr.Edem Sosu

8.2.1.6 MPhil Thesis (Ongoing): Assessment of Occupational Radiation Dose of Staff and
Quality Assurance Program for Nuclear Medicine Practice Performed at Service De
Radioimmunoassay (SeRID-BENIN).
Student: Romeo Tino Soglo
Supervisors: Prof J.H.Amuasi and Mr. Edem Sosu

8.2.1.7 Mphil Thesis (Completed): Functional Fitting of Monte Carlo Output Parameters for
the Neutron Pulsed Dose Rate Branchytherapy Source
Student: Mark Pokoo-Aikins
Supervisors: Augustine K Kyere and Francis Hasford
8.2.1.8 Mphil Thesis (Ongoing):The Molecular Characterisation of Mycobacterium
tuberculosis (MTB) Strains Seen at Post-mortem in a Tertiary Health Facility in Ghana

Student: Victor Dugbartey

Supervisors: Mr. Oti Kwasi Gyamfi and Dr. G. Awandare

8.2.1.9 MPhil Thesis (Ongoing): Investigations into the Shelf Life and Nutritional Quality
of Tomato Fruit (Solarium lycopersicum) following Two Post Harvest Treatments
Student: Linda Afriyie Gymah
Supervisors: Dr. Harry M. Amoatey and Dr. Rose Boatin

8.2.1.10 MPhil Thesis (Ongoing): Assessment of Changes in the Aroma and Sensory Profile
of Daadawa due to Modification of Fermentation Condition
Student: Rhoda Agyei-Boateng
Supervisors: Dr. Amoa-Awua, Dr. Rose Boatin and Dr. Margaret Owusu

8.3 Participation of Staff in IAEA Training Courses, Meetings and Conferences

Date, Course Venue Participants

Organizer

Regional (AFRA) Training course on Quality

September Assurance in Non-Imaging Nuclear Medicine Kinshasa, Edem
2012, IAEA Instrumentation Kwabla
DR Congo
Sosu
20-24/02/12 Joint Coordination Meeting of RAF6031 and Kampala, Francis
IAEA RAF6035, and the 6th AFROG Conference, Uganda Hasford
02-06/07/12, IAEA Regional (AFRA) Training Course on Hospital Nairobi, Godfred
IAEA Radiopharmacy - IAEA Operational Levels 1 & 2 Kenya Odame
Duodu
03-07/12/12, C7-RAF-2.008-008/12 Regional (AFRA) Training Bellville, Lawrence
IAEA Course on Radiolabelled Blood Products including South Africa Akono
Radiolabelled White Cell for Infection Imaging Sarsah
01-04/10/12, IAEA/AFRA Second Co-ordination meeting for Theophilus
IAEA RAF/6/038 "Promoting Regional and National Rabat, A. Sackey
Quality Assurance Programme for Medical Physics in Morocco
Nuclear Medicine
12-16/03/12, Regional Meeting on Monitoring and Evaluation Harare, Dr. Mary
IAEA Methodologies and Tools for National and Regional Zimbabwe Boadu
Programmes, Country and Regional Programme
Review. /

04-06 June Regional Meeting on Strengthening Education and Gaborone, Dr. Mary
2012 Training Infrastructure, and Building Competence in Botswana Boadu
IAEA Radiation Safety (AFRA)
| - - - - --- - - -

13-17 August First Regional Coordination Meeting on Lusaka, Dr. Mary

2012 Strengthening Radiation Protection of Patients during Zambia Boadu
IAEA Medical Exposure,

17-21 56lh General Conference of the International Atomic Vienna, Dr. Mary
September Energy Agency (IAEA), held at the IAEA’s Austria Boadu
2012 headquarters in Vienna, Austria,
IAEA
14-18 IAEA AFRA Training Course on Data Management Khartoum, David Bansa
October 2012 and Final Analysis. Sudan &
IAEA Adolf Kofi
Awua
12-16 IAEA Workshop on Project Design on the Logical Accra, Oti Kwasi
November Framework Approach (LFA) Ghana Gyamfi
2012 IAEA
-------- ■--------------------------------------------------■----------- ■------------------------------------------------------------- - ■ „ —
 15-19 2nd Co-ordination Meeting for RAF/6/040 Bobo- Oti Kwasi
October 2012 Applying Molecular Techniques to Intervections Dioulasso, Gyamfi
IAEA Against the Major Poverty Related Diseases(HlV, TB Burkina Faso
& Malaria) for Improving Disease Control
10-11 Technical Meeting on Management of Severe Acute Accra, Dr. Rose
December Malnutrition (SAM) in sub-sahara Africa. Ghana Boatin &
2012 Ms
IAEA/IMTF Theodosia
Adorn
26-30 Consulate Meeting/Workshop on Harmonising Cape Town, Ms
November Project Implementation and Methodologies. South Africa Theodosia
2012 Adorn

7-11 May 1st Coordination Meeting on RAF 6042: Applying Rabat, Ms

2012 Nuclear Techniques to Design and Evaluate Morocco Theodosia
Interventions to Reduce Obesity and Related Health Adorn
Risks.
10-14 IAEA Technical Meeting on New Developments in Vienna, Edward C.
September Nuclear Techniques in Nutrition Austria Brown
2012 Appiah

2 - 17 July Natural Products Chemistry, Training and Malaysia Elom

2012 Development Achoribo

16-27 July 4th West African Regional Workshop on Cell Univeristy of Nana Afua
2012 Biology of Infectious Pathogens Ghana, Kobi Adu-
University of Accra Bobi
Ghana
&
American
Society for
Cell Biology
 ----*........ ..——
13 - 16 June 13th European Congress on Dentomaxillofacial Leipzig, Daniel
2012 Radiology germany Achel

1 - 5 March 1st Coordination Meeting on “Strengthening of Vienna, Daniel

2012, IAEA Biological Dosimentary in IAEA Member States” Austria Achel

8.4 IAEA Fellowship Programmes Undertaken By Staff

Mr Daniel Achel was on a second, six-month IAEA PhD Sandwich fellowship
programme at the University of Murcia, Spain.

9.0 IAEA TRAINING COURSES AND MEETINGS HOSTED BY RAMSRI

9.1 Prof. J.M. Akudugu from Is1 to I2lh October 2012. Jointly supported by Stellenbosch
University Africa Collaboration Grant and Scientific Grant from the Faculty of
Medicine and Health Sciences, of South Africa.
9.2 The International Atomic Energy Agency, under the Programmes of Action for
Cancer Therapy (PACT) made a follow- up mission on the PACT Model
Demonstration Site Ghana from 19th to 22nd February 2012. While in Ghana, the
IAEA experts and partners had discussions on regional and national activities on
comprehensive cancer control programmes including the implementation of the
OPEC/BADEA loan for the upgrading of Radiotherapy facilities in Accra and
Kumasi.
9.3 Ms. Motswagole Boitumelo Stokie (PhD) from Botswana, on a 2-week scientific visit
under TC BOT 6003 from July 16th-27th 2012. Ms. Motswagole was trained on field
implementation of deuterium dilution techniques in nutrition research.
9.4 The IAEA and International Malnutrition Task Force (IMTF) Joint Technical Meeting
on Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) from December 10-1 Ith 2012. The overall aim
was to discuss recent development related to the management of Severe Acute
Malnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa. Presentations included case studies based on
experience in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and Latin America. Updates on recent
developments in SAM treatment, discussions about integration of SAM treatment
 within the health system and prevention and treatment of malnutrition with other
sectors were discussed.
9.5 The Third and Final Research Coordination meeting on “Technical Management of
Severe Acute Malnutrition during early life; Addressing Nutritional Requirements by
Stable Isotope Techniques” under a Coordinated Research Project CRP E4.30.22/RC-
1129.3 from 10th-14th December 2012. The purpose of this meeting was to review
results generated during the project. In addition, dissemination of information, in
particular peer reviewed publications was discussed and the final report of the CRP
was also drafted

11.0 ACHIEVEMENTS
• Sustainability of clinical service improved.
• Significant reduction in radiation toxicities through better localization of treatment
fields based on 3-D conformal therapy.
• Over reliance on IAEA for training needs reduced and training programme in
radiation oncology, medical physics, radiography and radiopharmacy on-going.
• Our training centres gradually becoming the hub of training activities in the sub-
region, attracting a lot of foreigners.
• Decreased machine down time due to good maintenance culture and improved quality
control procedures.
• Development of improved methods of receiving and administration of technetium and
iodine radioisotopes at Korle-Bu.
• Staff of Medical Radiation Physics Centre collaborate with Ghana Society for
Medical Physics (GSMP) to work towards the recognition o f Medical Physics as a
profession in Ghana.
• The IAEA procured one FTIR for the Nutrition Research Centre.
• Improved synergy between the two radiotherapy centres and among the various
professionals
• The Ag. Deputy Director assisted the Director to solicit for funds for research
activities at the Institute. Through this effort, approval has been given by Ministry of
Health for a vehicle to be procured for the institute. Follow-up visits have been made
and we are hopeful a vehicle will soon be released to RAMSRI.
12.0 CHALLENGES
• Inadequate funding for research and administrative activities has been the major
challenge for RAMSRI since its establishment in 2009. The current arrangement of
contribution from other Institutes from their item 2 received from Government, is
woefully inadequate, as release of these funds is unreliable. We are hopeful this issue
will be addressed by the Commission as soon as possible to ensure the smooth
running of activities at the Institute.
• Unavailability of dedicated facilities (e.g. linear accelerator etc.) at GAEC to
undertake clinical medical physics and radiopharmacy researches and activities.
• Only two (2) oncology centres and one (1) nuclear medicine centre serving a
population of 24 million, creating problems of geographical access.
• Lack of appreciation of the role of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine in the
management of cancer by other Physicians involved in cancer care.
• Delay in securing funds for the expansion of the radiotherapy and nuclear medicine
programme.
• Absence of National Cancer Control Programme and weak Cancer Society.
• Lack of national insurance scheme to cover cancer treatment costs.
• Difficulty in the transport of radioactive materials across the world.
• No working laboratory, consumables and facilities for radio-pharmacy research.
• Inadequate office and laboratory space means that, for the specialised nature of work
under current projects, such as TB, there is a real risk of cross-contamination between
the few rooms currently in use. The consequences of cross-contamination will be
extremely costly in terms of laboratory reagents, sample loss and experiment re-runs
• The lack of adequate cold storage facilities such as refrigerators and deep freezers
(both - 20°C deep freezer and a -80°C deep freezer).
• Inadequate staff (both Research and Technical) in some Centres
• Frequent power cuts pose a risk to the operational life of the major equipment under
use and affect storage of biological samples
• Lack of computer for data entry and management
13.0 PROJECTIONS FOR THE YEAR 2013

o Continuation of all ongoing research projects

o Acquisition of LINACS and HDR brachytherapy machines at Korle Bu and the
Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospitals in Ghana,
o Completion of written procedure for the disposal of radioactive and non-active waste
specific to the Nuclear Medicine Unit at Korle-Bu.
o A six (6) week attachment programme arranged at the Noguchi Memorial Institute for
Medical Research to sharpen skills of staff of Applied Radiobiology Centre in cell
biology will take place.

14.0 RECOMMENDATIONS
o It is imperative for RAMSR1 to get its own budget in order to support research and
administrative activities within the Institute,
o It is recommended that laboratory and office spaces are provided for the Institute,
o There should be close collaboration between research teams of different Centres so as
to broaden the scope of research works undertaken in the Institute and between the
Institute and stakeholders such as The National Tuberculosis Control Programme
(NTP), the Ghana Prisons Service, Ghana Health Service and selected Metropolitan
and District Assemblies in order to attract funding from donor organisations,
o It would be useful to include the HAIN tests on a pilot basis for TB management and
control in Ghana.
o It is hoped that new air-conditioners will be procured for NRC laboratories as
recommended by the servicing company. This is important as some
supplies/consumables being stored in these laboratories need to be kept at lower
temperatures.
o It is hoped that a generator would be procured to ensure biological samples can be
stored effectively.
o It would be appreciated if the Institute could provide NRC with a desktop computer to
be used in data entry and management.
o It is hoped that more scientists especially a Nutritionist and a Biostatistician/
Epidemiologist will be appointed in 2013 as per the NRC’s manpower needs. This
will help greatly in improving research outputs in the Centre
 o The Agency is requested to increase support to local training programmes and
continue supporting the candidates in these programmes with short fellowships
abroad.
o The Agency is requested to support our local engineers, who are doing a great job
with short scientific visits to institutions abroad, especially to suppliers and
manufacturers of radiotherapy equipment and devices,
o Efforts being made to establish the Nuclear and Imaging Centre at GAEC campus
ought to be stepped up to aid in clinical and research works of RAMSR1 staff.

15.0 CONCLUSIONS
All projects are being pursued as planned and Management is trying to address some of the
challenges and constraints. Despite these, year 2012 was a success and there is no doubt that
more can be achieved if RAMSR1 is well resourced.