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1987 Constitution A Comprehensive Reviewer Bernas PDF
1987 Constitution A Comprehensive Reviewer Bernas PDF
1987 Constitution A Comprehensive Reviewer Bernas PDF
com
PREAMBLE
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that
wereanother
power was merely announcing that the Filipinos
finally being allowed to promulgate a constitution.
Q. What is the meaning of “common good” and how does it differ
from the “general welfare” of the 1935 and 1973 Constitutions?
A. The phrase “common good” projects the idea of a social order that
enables every citizen to attain his or her fullest development
economically, politically, culturally, and spiritually. The phrase
“general welfare” was avoided because it could be interpreted
as “the greatest good for the greatest number” even if what
the greater number wants does violence to human dignity,
as for instance when the greater majority might want the
extermination of those who are considered inferior.
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ARTICLE I
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CONTENTS
Preamble....................................................................................... 1
Section 1 ....................................................................................... 3
Principles
Section 1 ....................................................................................... 8
Section 2 ....................................................................................... 13
Section 3 ....................................................................................... 14
Section 4 ....................................................................................... 15
Section 5 ....................................................................................... 15
Section 6 ....................................................................................... 15
State Policies
Section 7 ....................................................................................... 15
Section 8 ....................................................................................... 16
Section 9 ....................................................................................... 17
Section 10 ..................................................................................... 17
Section 11 ..................................................................................... 17
Section 12 ..................................................................................... 17
Section 13 ..................................................................................... 18
Section 14 ..................................................................................... 19
Section 15 ..................................................................................... 20
Section 16 ..................................................................................... 20
Section 17 ..................................................................................... 20
Section 18 ..................................................................................... 21
Section 19 ..................................................................................... 21
Section 20 ..................................................................................... 21
Section 21 ..................................................................................... 21
Section 22 ..................................................................................... 21
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Section 23 ..................................................................................... 22
Section 24 ..................................................................................... 22
Section 25 ..................................................................................... 22
Section 26 ..................................................................................... 22
Section 27 ..................................................................................... 22
Section 28 ..................................................................................... 22
Section 1 ...................................................................................... 23
Police Power......................................................................... 24
Protected rights; life ............................................................ 25
Right to property ................................................................. 26
Right to liberty .................................................................... 28
Two kinds of due process .................................................... 28
Procedural due process in courts in non-criminal cases ... 29
Procedural due process in administrative cases ................ 30
Substantive due process...................................................... 32
Equal protection .................................................................. 35
Section 2 ....................................................................................... 39
Section 3 ....................................................................................... 59
Section 4 ....................................................................................... 62
Section 5 ....................................................................................... 82
Non-establishment of religion ............................................ 83
iv
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Section 6 ....................................................................................... 92
Section 7 ....................................................................................... 93
Section
Section 8
9 .......................................................................................
....................................................................................... 95
98
Taking .................................................................................. 98
Public use ............................................................................. 100
Just compensation ............................................................... 100
Judicial review..................................................................... 102
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ARTICLE V – SUFFRAGE
vi
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vii
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viii
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ix
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General Provisions
Section
Section 10
11 .....................................................................................
..................................................................................... 429
431
Section 12 ..................................................................................... 434
Section 13 ..................................................................................... 434
Section 14 ..................................................................................... 435
Autonomous Regions
Section
Section 16
17 .....................................................................................
..................................................................................... 436
436
Section 18 ..................................................................................... 437
Section 19 ..................................................................................... 439
Section 20 ..................................................................................... 440
Section 21 ..................................................................................... 441
ARTICLE XI – ACCOUNTABILITY
OF PUBLIC OFFICERS
Section
Section 9
10.......................................................................................
..................................................................................... 450
450
Section 11 ..................................................................................... 450
Section 12 ..................................................................................... 450
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Labor
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Health
Section 11 ..................................................................................... 503
Section 12 ..................................................................................... 504
Section 13 ..................................................................................... 504
Women
Section 14 ..................................................................................... 504
Human Rights
Section 17 ..................................................................................... 505
Section 18 ..................................................................................... 505
Section 19 ..................................................................................... 507
Education
Section 1 ....................................................................................... 508
Section 2 ....................................................................................... 511
Section 3 ....................................................................................... 512
Section 4 ....................................................................................... 513
Section 5 ....................................................................................... 516
Language
Section 6 ....................................................................................... 521
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Sports
Section 19 ..................................................................................... 524
Section
Section 2
3 .......................................................................................
....................................................................................... 528
528
Section 4 ....................................................................................... 536
Section 5 ....................................................................................... 536
Section 6 ....................................................................................... 537
Section 7 ....................................................................................... 537
Section 8 ....................................................................................... 538
Section 9 ....................................................................................... 538
Section 10 ..................................................................................... 538
Section
Section 11
12 .....................................................................................
..................................................................................... 538
539
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Section
Section 3
4 .......................................................................................
....................................................................................... 540
540
Section
Section 5
6 .......................................................................................
....................................................................................... 553
553
Section 7 ....................................................................................... 553
Section 8 ....................................................................................... 553
Section 9 ....................................................................................... 553
Section 10 ..................................................................................... 554
Section 11 ..................................................................................... 554
Section 12 ..................................................................................... 554
Section 13 ..................................................................................... 554
Section
Section 14
15 .....................................................................................
..................................................................................... 554
555
Section 16 ..................................................................................... 555
Section 17 ..................................................................................... 556
Section 18 ..................................................................................... 556
Section 19 ..................................................................................... 556
Section 20 ..................................................................................... 556
Section 21 ..................................................................................... 556
Section 22 ..................................................................................... 556
Section
Section 23
24 .....................................................................................
..................................................................................... 557
557
Section 25 ..................................................................................... 557
Section 26 ..................................................................................... 558
Section 27 ..................................................................................... 562
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