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m d x dt dx dt k m F .) For the case γ < 2ω x t − φ
m d x dt dx dt k m F .) For the case γ < 2ω x t − φ
F0 γt
x(t) = xp (t) + xc (t) = cos(ωt − φ) ≡ x0 cos(ωt − φ) + Ce− 2 cos(ω 0 t − φ0 )
m|I|
s
µ ¶2
γ
ω0 = ω02 −
2
q
|I| = (−ω 2 + ω02 )2 + (ω 2 γ 2 )
ωγ
tan φ =
ω02 − ω2