Understanding Soy

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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Soybean</h1>
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encyclopedia</div>
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(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soy&redirect=no" class="mw-
redirect" title="Soy">Soy</a>)</div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-
ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-
searchable">"Soy" redirects here. For other uses, see <a
href="/wiki/Soy_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Soy
(disambiguation)">Soy (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux"
style="display:none">legume grown for its edible bean with many uses</div>


<table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size:
100%">
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color:
rgb(180,250,180)">Soybean
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Soybean.USDA.jpg"
class="image"><img alt="Soybean.USDA.jpg"
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Soybean.USDA.jpg/220px-
Soybean.USDA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="327"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Soybean.USDA.jpg/330px-
Soybean.USDA.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Soybean.USDA.jpg/440px-
Soybean.USDA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="951" /></a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color:
rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy
(biology)">Scientific classification</a>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>Kingdom:
</td>
<td><div style="display:inline" class="kingdom"><a href="/wiki/Plant"
title="Plant">Plantae</a></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>(unranked):
</td>
<td><div style="display:inline" class="(unranked)"><a href="/wiki/Angiosperms"
class="mw-redirect" title="Angiosperms">Angiosperms</a></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>(unranked):
</td>
<td><div style="display:inline" class="(unranked)"><a href="/wiki/Eudicots"
title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>(unranked):
</td>
<td><div style="display:inline" class="(unranked)"><a href="/wiki/Rosids"
title="Rosids">Rosids</a></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Order:
</td>
<td><div style="display:inline" class="order"><a href="/wiki/Fabales"
title="Fabales">Fabales</a></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Family:
</td>
<td><div style="display:inline" class="family"><a href="/wiki/Fabaceae"
title="Fabaceae">Fabaceae</a></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Subfamily:
</td>
<td><div style="display:inline" class="subfamily"><a href="/wiki/Faboideae"
title="Faboideae">Faboideae</a></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Genus:
</td>
<td><div style="display:inline" class="genus"><a href="/wiki/Glycine_(plant)"
title="Glycine (plant)">Glycine</a></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Species:
</td>
<td><div style="display:inline" class="species">G. max</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a
href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">Glycine
max <div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus"
title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a>) <a href="/wiki/Elmer_Drew_Merrill" title="Elmer Drew
Merrill">Merr.</a></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a
href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><a href="#cite_note-eol-
1">[1]</a>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: left">
<ul><li>Dolichos soja L.</li>
<li>Glycine angustifolia <a
href="/wiki/Friedrich_Anton_Wilhelm_Miquel" title="Friedrich Anton Wilhelm
Miquel">Miq.</a></li>
<li>Glycine gracilis <a href="/w/index.php?
title=Boris_Vassilievich_Skvortsov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new"
title="Boris Vassilievich Skvortsov (page does not
exist)">Skvortsov</a></li>
<li>Glycine hispida (<a href="/wiki/Conrad_Moench" title="Conrad
Moench">Moench</a>) <a href="/wiki/Carl_Maximowicz" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl
Maximowicz">Maxim.</a></li>
<li>Glycine soja sensu <a href="/wiki/Auctorum"
title="Auctorum">auct.</a></li>
<li>Phaseolus max L.</li>
<li>Soja angustifolia Miq.</li>
<li>Soja hispida Moench</li>
<li>Soja japonica <a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Savi" title="Gaetano
Savi">Savi</a></li>
<li>Soja max (<a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl
Linnaeus">L.</a>) <a href="/wiki/Charles_Vancouver_Piper" class="mw-redirect"
title="Charles Vancouver Piper">Piper</a></li>
<li>Soja soja <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Karl_Wilhelm_Hermann_Karsten"
title="Gustav Karl Wilhelm Hermann Karsten">H. Karst.</a></li>
<li>Soja viridis Savi</li></ul>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-
align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-
color:#b0c4de">Soybean</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2"
style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-
align:center;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row"
style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese
language">Chinese</a></th><td>大豆</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-
weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td>"large bean"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"
style="text-align:center"><table class="collapsible collapsed"
style="padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-
size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent"><tbody><tr><th
colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size:
100%; text-align: left; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th
colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a
href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard
Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a
href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu
Pinyin</a></th><td>dàdòu</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-
weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin"
title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin"
title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[tâ.tôu]</a></td></tr></tbody><
/table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:
#b0c4de;">Southern Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-
weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional
Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td>黃豆</td></tr><tr><th
scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a
href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese
characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td>黄豆</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"
style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td>"yellow bean"</td></tr><tr><td
colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><table class="collapsible collapsed"
href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard
Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a
href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu
Pinyin</a></th><td>huángdòu</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-
align:center;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka
Chinese">Hakka</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a
href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization#Hakka" title="Guangdong
Romanization">Romanization</a></th><td>vòng-theu</td></tr><tr><th
href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th
scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a
href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of
Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td>wòhng-dauh</td></tr><tr><th
scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping"
title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td>wong4-
dau6</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a
href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td><a
href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese"
title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[wɔ̏ːŋ tɐ̀u]</a></td></tr><
tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a
href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th
scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien"
title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-
ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td>n̂g-
tāu</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-
align:center;background-color: #b0c4de;">Korean name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row"
style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hangul"
title="Hangul">Hangul</a></th><td>대두</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-
weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></th><td>大豆
</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><table
class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:-
3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-
color:transparent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-
size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size: 100%; text-align: left; background-color:
#f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-
weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised
Romanization of Korean">Revised Romanization</a></th><td>daedu</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2"
style="text-align:center;background-color: #b0c4de;">Japanese name</th></tr><tr><th
scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Kanji"
title="Kanji">Kanji</a></th><td>大豆
<a href="#cite_note-
2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-
weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a></th><td>ダイズ</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"
style="text-align:center"><table class="collapsible collapsed"
scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese"
title="Romanization of Japanese">Romanization</a></th><td>daizu</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr
style="display:none"><td colspan="2">
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a
href="/wiki/File:Soybeans_01.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Soybeans_01.jpg/220px-
Soybeans_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Soybeans_01.jpg/330px-
Soybeans_01.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Soybeans_01.jpg/440px-
Soybeans_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a> <div
class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Soybeans_01.jpg"
class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Soybeans in a supermarket in
China</div></div></div>
The soybean or soya bean (Glycine max)<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> is a species of <a
href="/wiki/Legume" title="Legume">legume</a> native to <a href="/wiki/East_Asia"
title="East Asia">East Asia</a>, widely grown for its edible <a href="/wiki/Bean"
title="Bean">bean</a>, which has numerous uses.
Traditional unfermented food uses of soybeans include <a
href="/wiki/Soy_milk" title="Soy milk">soy milk</a>, from which <a
href="/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu">tofu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tofu_skin" title="Tofu
skin">tofu skin</a> are made. Fermented soy foods include <a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce"
title="Soy sauce">soy sauce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fermented_bean_paste"
title="Fermented bean paste">fermented bean paste</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natt%C5%8D"
title="Nattō">nattō</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tempeh" title="Tempeh">tempeh</a>. Fat-
free (defatted) soybean meal is a significant and cheap source of protein for
animal feeds and many <a href="/wiki/TV_dinner" title="TV dinner">packaged
meals</a>. For example, soybean products, such as <a
href="/wiki/Textured_vegetable_protein" title="Textured vegetable protein">textured
vegetable protein</a> (TVP), are ingredients in many meat and <a href="/wiki/Dairy"
title="Dairy">dairy</a> substitutes.<a href="#cite_note-Riaz2006-4">[4]</a>
Soy beans contain significant amounts of <a href="/wiki/Phytic_acid"
title="Phytic acid">phytic acid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dietary_minerals" class="mw-
redirect" title="Dietary minerals">dietary minerals</a> and <a
href="/wiki/B_vitamins" title="B vitamins">B vitamins</a>. <a
href="/wiki/Soybean_oil" title="Soybean oil">Soy vegetable oil</a>, used in food
and industrial applications, is another product of processing the soybean crop.
Soybean is the most important protein source for feed farm animals (that in turn
yields animal protein for human consumption).<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a>

<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input
type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox"
style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-
heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel"
for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology">1 Etymology</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Classification">2 Classification</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Description">3 Description</a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Germination">3.1 Germination</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Maturation">3.2 Maturation</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Flowering">3.3 Flowering</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Seed_resilience">3.4 Seed resilience</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Nitrogen-fixing_ability">3.5 Nitrogen-fixing
ability</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Chemical_composition">4 Chemical composition</a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Nutrition">4.1 Nutrition</a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#Protein">4.1.1 Protein</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#Carbohydrates">4.1.2 Carbohydrates</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="#Fats">4.1.3 Fats</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a
href="#Comparison_to_other_major_staple_foods">4.2
Comparison to other major staple foods</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Cultivation">5 Cultivation</a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Uses">5.1 Uses</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Conditions">5.2 Conditions</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Environmental_issues">5.3 Environmental
issues</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Soils">5.4 Soils</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Contamination_concerns">5.5 Contamination
concerns</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Pests">5.6 Pests</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Production">6 Production</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#History">7 History</a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#East_Asia">7.1 East Asia</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Southeast_Asia">7.2 Southeast Asia</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Indian_subcontinent">7.3 Indian
subcontinent</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Iberia">7.4 Iberia</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#North_America">7.5 North America</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Caribbean_and_West_Indies">7.6 Caribbean and West
Indies</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Mediterranean_area">7.7 Mediterranean
area</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Australia">7.8 Australia</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Western_Europe">7.9 Western Europe</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Africa">7.10 Africa</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Central_Europe">7.11 Central Europe</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="#Central_Asia">7.12 Central Asia</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="#Central_America">7.13 Central America</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="#South_America">7.14 South America</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-38"><a href="#Genetic_modification">8 Genetic
modification</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-39"><a href="#Uses_2">9 Uses</a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="#Soybean_oil">9.1 Soybean oil</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="#Soybean_meal">9.2 Soybean meal</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42"><a href="#Livestock_feed">9.3 Livestock feed</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43"><a href="#Food_for_human_consumption">9.4 Food for human
consumption</a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-44"><a href="#Flour">9.4.1 Flour</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-45"><a href="#Soy-based_infant_formula">9.4.2 Soy-based infant
formula</a></li>
href="#Meat_and_dairy_alternatives_and_extenders">9.4.3 Meat and dairy alternatives
and extenders</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-47"><a href="#Soy_nut_butter">9.4.4 Soy nut butter</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-48"><a href="#Sweetened_soybean">9.4.5 Sweetened
soybean</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-49"><a href="#Coffee_substitute">9.4.6 Coffee
substitute</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-50"><a href="#Other_products">9.5 Other products</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-51"><a href="#Health">10 Health</a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-52"><a href="#Cancer">10.1 Cancer</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-53"><a href="#Phytochemicals">10.2 Phytochemicals</a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-54"><a href="#Isoflavones">10.2.1 Isoflavones</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
href="#Soy_protein,_cholesterol_and_heart_diseases">10.3 Soy protein, cholesterol and
heart diseases</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-56"><a href="#Phytic_acid">10.4 Phytic acid</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-57"><a href="#Health_impact">11 Health impact</a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-58"><a href="#Allergy">11.1 Allergy</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-59"><a href="#Phytoestrogens">11.2 Phytoestrogens</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-60"><a href="#Breast_cancer">11.3 Breast cancer</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-61"><a href="#Prostate_cancer">11.4 Prostate cancer</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-62"><a href="#Cancer_2">11.5 Cancer</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-63"><a href="#Thyroid_function">11.6 Thyroid
function</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-64"><a href="#Futures">12 Futures</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-65"><a href="#See_also">13 See also</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-66"><a href="#References">14 References</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2>Etymology[<a href="/w/index.php?
title=Soybean&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section:
Etymology">edit</a>]</h2>
The word "soy" originated as a corruption of the Chinese (Cantonese) or Japanese
names for <a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">soy sauce</a> (<a
href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 豉油; <a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a>:
si6jau4; <a
href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of
Cantonese">Cantonese Yale</a>: sihyàuh)
(<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language"
title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: 醤油,
shōyu).<a
href="#cite_note-:1-6">[6]</a>
The etymology of the genus, Glycine, comes from <a
href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>. When naming the
genus, Linnaeus observed that one of the species within the genus had a sweet root.
Based on the sweetness, the Greek word for sweet, glykós, was Latinized.<a href="#cite_note-:1-
6">[6]</a> The genus name is not related to the amino acid <a
href="/wiki/Glycine" title="Glycine">glycine</a>.

<h2>Classification[<a
href="/w/index.php?title=Soybean&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit
section: Classification">edit</a>]</h2>
href="/wiki/File:Soybeanvarieties.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Soybeanvarieties.jpg/170px
-Soybeanvarieties.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Soybeanvarieties.jpg/25
5px-Soybeanvarieties.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Soybeanvarieties.jpg/340px-
Soybeanvarieties.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1790" data-file-height="2700" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a
href="/wiki/File:Soybeanvarieties.jpg" class="internal"
title="Enlarge"></a></div>Varieties of soybeans are used for many
purposes.</div></div></div>
The genus Glycine Willd. is divided into two subgenera, Glycine
and Soja. The subgenus Soja (Moench) F.J. Herm. includes the
cultivated soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., and the wild soybean, <a
href="/wiki/Glycine_soja" title="Glycine soja">Glycine soja</a> Sieb. &
Zucc. Both species are <a href="/wiki/Annual_plant" title="Annual
plant">annuals</a>. Glycine soja is the wild ancestor of Glycine max,
and grows wild in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a
href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korea"
title="Korea">Korea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> The
<a href="/wiki/Glycine_(plant)" title="Glycine (plant)">subgenus Glycine</a>
consists of at least 25 wild <a href="/wiki/Perennial" class="mw-redirect"
title="Perennial">perennial</a> species: for example, Glycine canescens F.J.
Herm. and G. tomentella Hayata, both found in Australia and Papua New
Guinea.<a href="#cite_note-
8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-
9">[9]</a> Perennial soybean (Neonotonia wightii) originated
in Africa and is now a widespread pasture crop in the tropics.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a>
Like some other crops of long domestication, the relationship of the modern
soybean to wild-growing species can no longer be traced with any degree of
certainty.<a href="#cite_note-
13">[13]</a> It is a <a href="/wiki/Cultigen"
title="Cultigen">cultural variety</a> with a very large number of cultivars.
<h2>Descriptionedit</a>]</h2>
Like most plants, soybeans grow in distinct <a href="/wiki/Plant_morphology"
title="Plant morphology">morphological</a> stages as they develop from seeds into
fully mature plant.

<h3>Germinationedit</a>]</h3>
The first stage of growth is <a href="/wiki/Germination"
title="Germination">germination</a>, a method which first becomes apparent as a
seed's <a href="/wiki/Radicle" title="Radicle">radicle</a> emerges.<a href="#cite_note-
MP197Chapter2-15">[15]</a> This is the first stage of root growth and
occurs within the first 48 hours under ideal growing conditions. The first <a
href="/wiki/Photosynthesis" title="Photosynthesis">photosynthetic</a> structures,
the <a href="/wiki/Cotyledon" title="Cotyledon">cotyledons</a>, develop from the <a
href="/wiki/Hypocotyl" title="Hypocotyl">hypocotyl</a>, the first plant structure
to emerge from the soil. These cotyledons both act as leaves and as a source of
nutrients for the immature plant, providing the seedling nutrition for its first 7
to 10 days.<a
href="#cite_note-MP197Chapter2-15">[15]</a>

href="/wiki/File:Glycine_max_003.JPG" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Glycine_max_003.JPG/200px-
Glycine_max_003.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Glycine_max_003.JPG/300
px-Glycine_max_003.JPG 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Glycine_max_003.JPG/400px-
Glycine_max_003.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1722" data-file-height="1292" /></a> <div
class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Glycine_max_003.JPG"
class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Soya bean fruit</div></div></div>
<h3>Maturationedit</a>]</h3>
The first true leaves develop as a pair of <a
href="/wiki/Leaf#Divisions_of_the_blade" title="Leaf">single blades</a>.[15]</a> Subsequent to this first pair, mature <a
href="/wiki/Plant_stem" title="Plant stem">nodes</a> form compound leaves with
three blades. Mature <a href="/wiki/Trifoliolate" class="mw-redirect"
title="Trifoliolate">trifoliolate</a> leaves, having three to four <a
href="/wiki/Leaflet_(botany)" title="Leaflet (botany)">leaflets</a> per leaf, are
often between 6–15 cm (2.4–5.9 in) long and 2–7 cm (0.79–
2.76 in) broad. Under ideal conditions, stem growth continues, producing new
nodes every four days. Before flowering, roots can grow 1.9 cm (0.75 in)
per day. If <a href="/wiki/Rhizobia" title="Rhizobia">rhizobia</a> are present, <a
href="/wiki/Root_nodule" title="Root nodule">root nodulation</a> begins by the time
the third node appears. Nodulation typically continues for 8 weeks before the <a
href="/wiki/Rhizobia#Infection_and_signal_exchange" title="Rhizobia">symbiotic
infection</a> process stabilizes.<a href="#cite_note-MP197Chapter2-15">[15]</a> The
final characteristics of a soybean plant are variable, with factors such as
genetics, soil quality, and climate affecting its form; however, fully mature
soybean plants are generally between 51–127 cm (20–50 in) in height[16]</a> and have rooting depths between 76–
152 cm (30–60 in).<a
href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a>

<h3>Floweringedit</a>]</h3>
Flowering is <a href="/wiki/Photoperiodism" title="Photoperiodism">triggered by
day length</a>, often beginning once days become shorter than 12.8 hours.[15]</a> This trait is highly variable however,
with different <a href="/wiki/Variety_(botany)" title="Variety
(botany)">varieties</a> reacting differently to changing day length.axil</a> of
the leaf and are white, pink or purple. Depending of the soybean variety, node
growth may cease once flowering begins. Strains that continue nodal development
after flowering are termed "<a href="/wiki/Indeterminate_growth"
title="Indeterminate growth">indeterminates</a>" and are best suited to climates
with longer growing seasons.<a href="#cite_note-MP197Chapter2-15">[15]</a>
Often soybeans drop their leaves before the seeds are fully mature.

href="/wiki/File:Soybean_flowers.png" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Soybean_flowers.png/120px-
Soybean_flowers.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Soybean_flowers.png/180
px-Soybean_flowers.png 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Soybean_flowers.png/240px-
Soybean_flowers.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1600" /></a> <div
class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Soybean_flowers.png"
class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Small, purple soybean
flowers</div></div></div>
The fruit is a hairy <a href="/wiki/Legume" title="Legume">pod</a> that grows in
clusters of three to five, each pod is 3–8 cm (1.2–3.1 in) long and
usually contains two to four (rarely more) <a href="/wiki/Seed"
title="Seed">seeds</a> 5–11 mm in diameter. Soybean seeds come in a wide
variety of sizes and <a href="/wiki/Husk" title="Husk">hull</a> colors such as
black, brown, yellow, and green.<a href="#cite_note-MP197Chapter19-16">[16]</a>
Variegated and bicolored seed coats are also common.

<h3>Seed resilienceedit</a>The hull of the mature bean is hard, water-resistant, and protects the <a
href="/wiki/Cotyledon" title="Cotyledon">cotyledon</a> and <a
href="/wiki/Hypocotyl" title="Hypocotyl">hypocotyl</a> (or "germ") from damage. If
the seed coat is cracked, the seed will not <a href="/wiki/Germinate" class="mw-
redirect" title="Germinate">germinate</a>. The scar, visible on the seed coat, is
called the <a href="/wiki/Hilum_(biology)" title="Hilum (biology)">hilum</a>
(colors include black, brown, buff, gray and yellow) and at one end of the hilum is
the <a href="/wiki/Micropyle_(botany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Micropyle
(botany)">micropyle</a>, or small opening in the seed coat which can allow the
absorption of water for sprouting.
Some seeds such as soybeans containing very high levels of <a
href="/wiki/Soy_protein" title="Soy protein">protein</a> can undergo <a
href="/wiki/Desiccation" title="Desiccation">desiccation</a>, yet survive and
revive after water absorption. <a href="/wiki/A._Carl_Leopold" title="A. Carl
Leopold">A. Carl Leopold</a> began studying this capability at the <a
href="/wiki/Boyce_Thompson_Institute_for_Plant_Research" class="mw-redirect"
title="Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research">Boyce Thompson Institute for
Plant Research</a> at <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell
University">Cornell University</a> in the mid-1980s. He found soybeans and corn to
have a range of soluble <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate"
title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrates</a> protecting the seed's cell viability.
<h3>Nitrogen-fixing
ability[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Soybean&action=edit&section=8"
title="Edit section: Nitrogen-fixing ability">edit</a>Like many legumes, soybeans can <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_fixation"
title="Nitrogen fixation">fix atmospheric nitrogen</a>, due to the presence of <a
href="/wiki/Symbiosis" title="Symbiosis">symbiotic</a> bacteria from the <a
href="/wiki/Rhizobia" title="Rhizobia">Rhizobia</a> group.
<h2>Chemical
composition[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Soybean&action=edit&section=9"
title="Edit section: Chemical composition">edit</a>Together, <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> and <a
href="/wiki/Soybean_oil" title="Soybean oil">soybean oil</a> content account for
56% of dry soybeans by weight (36% protein and 20% <a href="/wiki/Fat"
title="Fat">fat</a>, table). The remainder consists of 30% <a
href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrates</a>, 9% water and 5%
<a href="/wiki/Ash_(analytical_chemistry)" title="Ash (analytical
chemistry)">ash</a> (table). Soybeans comprise approximately 8% seed coat or hull,
90% <a href="/wiki/Cotyledon" title="Cotyledon">cotyledons</a> and 2% <a
href="/wiki/Hypocotyl" title="Hypocotyl">hypocotyl</a> axis or germ.<a href="#cite_note-
21">[21]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"
title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]

<h3>Nutritionedit</a>]</h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a
href="/wiki/Soy_protein" title="Soy protein">Soy protein</a></div>
<table class="infobox nowrap" style="width:22em"><caption style="white-
space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Soybean, mature seeds,
raw</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Nutritional value
per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a
href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td>1,866 kJ
(446 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-
align:center"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-
height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div
style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate"
title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></div></th><td style="vertical-
align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div
style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">30.16 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"
style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-
right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugars</a></th><td
style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">7.33
g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-
weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary
fiber">Dietary fiber</a></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-
left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">9.3 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td
colspan="2">
</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr><th
scope="row" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-
weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-
0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></div></th><td
style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div
style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">19.94 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"
right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Saturated_fat" title="Saturated
fat">Saturated</a></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-
height:1.1em;">2.884 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-
left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a
href="/wiki/Monounsaturated_fat" class="mw-redirect" title="Monounsaturated
fat">Monounsaturated</a></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-
left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">4.404 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"
right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Polyunsaturated_fat" class="mw-redirect"
title="Polyunsaturated fat">Polyunsaturated</a><div style="padding-
left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Omega-
3_fatty_acid" title="Omega-3 fatty acid">omega-3</a></div><div style="padding-
left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Omega-
6_fatty_acid" title="Omega-6 fatty acid">omega-6</a></div></th><td style="vertical-
align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">11.255 g<div style="padding-
left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;">1.330 g</div><div style="padding-
left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;">9.925 g</div></td></tr><tr
style="display:none"><td colspan="2">
weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-
0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein
(nutrient)">Protein</a></div></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-
left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">36.49
g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-
height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Tryptophan"
title="Tryptophan">Tryptophan</a></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-
right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Threonine" title="Threonine">Threonine</a></th><td
weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Isoleucine"
title="Isoleucine">Isoleucine</a></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-
right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Leucine" title="Leucine">Leucine</a></th><td
weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Lysine"
title="Lysine">Lysine</a></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-
right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Methionine" title="Methionine">Methionine</a></th><td
weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Cystine"
title="Cystine">Cystine</a></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-
right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Phenylalanine"
title="Phenylalanine">Phenylalanine</a></th><td style="vertical-
align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">2.122 g</td></tr><tr><th
weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Tyrosine"
title="Tyrosine">Tyrosine</a></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-
right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Valine" title="Valine">Valine</a></th><td
weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Arginine"
title="Arginine">Arginine</a></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-
right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Histidine" title="Histidine">Histidine</a></th><td
weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Alanine"
title="Alanine">Alanine</a></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-
right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Aspartic_acid" title="Aspartic acid">Aspartic
acid</a></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-
height:1.1em;">5.112 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-
href="/wiki/Glutamic_acid" title="Glutamic acid">Glutamic acid</a></th><td
weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Glycine"
title="Glycine">Glycine</a></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-
right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Proline" title="Proline">Proline</a></th><td
weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Serine"
title="Serine">Serine</a></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-
left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">2.357 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td
colspan="2">
weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a
href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></th><td style="vertical-
align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">Quantity <abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value">
%DV</abbr>†</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-
href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">Vitamin A equiv.</a></th><td
style="float: right;">0%</div> 1 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-
href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Thiamine (B1)</a></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-
left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">76%</div> 0.874
mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-
weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin"
title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin (B2)</a></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-
weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Niacin" title="Niacin">Niacin
(B3)</a></th><td
style="float: right;">11%</div> 1.623 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"
right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Pantothenic_acid" title="Pantothenic
acid">Pantothenic acid (B5)</a></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-
weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin
B6">Vitamin B6</a></th><td
style="float: right;">29%</div> 0.377 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"
right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">Folate (B9)</a></th><td style="vertical-
align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float:
right;">94%</div> 375 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-
href="/wiki/Choline" title="Choline">Choline</a></th><td style="vertical-
right;">24%</div> 115.9 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-
href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a></th><td style="vertical-
href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">Vitamin E</a></th><td style="vertical-
href="/wiki/Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K">Vitamin K</a></th><td style="vertical-
right;">45%</div> 47 μg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">
weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a
href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Minerals</a></th><td
style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-
height:1.1em;">Quantity <abbr title="Percentage
of Daily Value">%DV</abbr>†</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"
right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology#Humans" title="Calcium in
biology">Calcium</a></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-
height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">28%</div> 277 mg</td></tr><tr><th
weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Copper_in_health" title="Copper
in health">Copper</a></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-
weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism"
title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></th><td style="vertical-
href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in
biology">Magnesium</a></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-
left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">79%</div> 280
weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese#Biological_role"
title="Manganese">Manganese</a></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-
weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Biological_role"
title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-
left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">101%</div> 704
weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology"
title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></th><td style="vertical-
right;">38%</div> 1797 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-
href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></th><td
style="float: right;">0%</div> 2 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-
href="/wiki/Zinc#Biological_role" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></th><td style="vertical-
right;">51%</div> 4.89 mg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">
weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Other
constituents</th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-
height:1.1em;">Quantity</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-
left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-
right:0.25em;">Water</th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-
height:1.1em;">8.54 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-
height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Cholesterol"
title="Cholesterol">Cholesterol</a></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-
left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0 mg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td
colspan="2">
</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><hr /><div class="wrap"
style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/4845?
fgcd=&manu=&lfacet=&format=Full&count=&max=35&offset=&s
ort=&qlookup=16108">Link to Complete USDA Nutrient Database
Entry</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div
class="plainlist" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.15em;line-height:1.25em;">
<ul><li>Units</li>
<li>μg = <a href="/wiki/Microgram"
title="Microgram">micrograms</a> • mg = <a href="/wiki/Milligram"
class="mw-redirect" title="Milligram">milligrams</a></li>
<li>IU = <a href="/wiki/International_unit" title="International
unit">International units</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="wrap" style="text-
align:center;background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-
weight:normal;">†Percentages are roughly approximated using <a
href="/wiki/Dietary_Reference_Intake" title="Dietary Reference
Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults.</td></tr></tbody></table>
100 grams of raw soybeans supply 446 <a href="/wiki/Calorie"
title="Calorie">calories</a> and are 9% water, 30% <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate"
title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrates</a>, 20% total <a href="/wiki/Fat"
title="Fat">fat</a> and 36% <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>
(table).
Soybeans are an exceptional source of <a href="/wiki/Essential_nutrient"
class="mw-redirect" title="Essential nutrient">essential nutrients</a>, providing
in a 100 gram serving (raw, for reference) high contents of the <a
href="/wiki/Daily_Value" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Value">Daily Value</a>
(DV) especially for protein (36% DV), <a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary
fiber">dietary fiber</a> (37%), <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> (121%),
<a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a> (120%), <a
href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">phosphorus</a> (101%) and several <a
href="/wiki/B_vitamins" title="B vitamins">B vitamins</a>, including <a
href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">folate</a> (94%) (table). High contents also
exist for <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K">vitamin K</a>, <a
href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zinc"
title="Zinc">zinc</a> and <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a>
(table).
For human consumption, soybeans must be cooked with "wet" heat to destroy
the <a href="/wiki/Trypsin_inhibitor" title="Trypsin inhibitor">trypsin
inhibitors</a> (<a href="/wiki/Serine_protease_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect"
title="Serine protease inhibitor">serine protease inhibitors</a>). Raw soybeans,
including the immature green form, are toxic to all <a href="/wiki/Monogastric"
title="Monogastric">monogastric</a> animals.
<h4>Proteinedit</a>]</h4>
href="/wiki/Complete_protein" title="Complete protein">Complete protein</a>, <a
href="/wiki/Protein_quality" title="Protein quality">Protein quality</a>, and <a
href="/wiki/Soy_protein" title="Soy protein">Soy protein</a></div>
Most soy protein is a relatively heat-stable storage protein. This heat
stability enables soy food products requiring high temperature cooking, such as <a
href="/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu">tofu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soy_milk" title="Soy
milk">soy milk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Textured_vegetable_protein" title="Textured
vegetable protein">textured vegetable protein</a> (soy flour) to be made. <a
href="/wiki/Soy_protein" title="Soy protein">Soy protein</a> is essentially
identical to the protein of other <a href="/wiki/Legume" title="Legume">legume</a>
seeds and <a href="/wiki/Pulses" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulses">pulses</a>.[23]</a><a
Soy is a good source of protein for vegetarians and <a href="/wiki/Veganism"
title="Veganism">vegans</a> or for people who want to reduce the amount of meat
they eat, according to the <a
href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect"
title="Food and Drug Administration (United States)">US Food and Drug
Administration</a>:<a
href="#cite_note-fda-chd-25">[25]</a>

<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r960796168">.mw-parser-output
.templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output
.templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-
left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Soy protein
products can be good substitutes for animal products because, unlike some other
beans, soy offers a 'complete' protein profile. ... Soy protein products can
replace animal-based foods—which also have complete proteins but tend to contain
more fat, especially saturated fat—without requiring major adjustments elsewhere in
the diet.</blockquote>
The <a href="/wiki/PDCAAS" class="mw-redirect" title="PDCAAS">Protein
Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score</a> (PDCAAS) of soy protein is the
nutritional equivalent of meat, eggs, and <a href="/wiki/Casein"
title="Casein">casein</a> for human growth and health. Soybean protein isolate has
a <a href="/wiki/Biological_value" title="Biological value">biological value</a> of
74, whole soybeans 96, soybean milk 91, and eggs 97.<a href="#cite_note-1991Report-
26">[26]</a>

href="/wiki/File:Graded_Seed.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Graded_Seed.jpg/200px-
Graded_Seed.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="151" class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Graded_Seed.jpg/300px-
Graded_Seed.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Graded_Seed.jpg/400px-
Graded_Seed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="3120" /></a> <div
class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Graded_Seed.jpg"
class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Graded seed</div></div></div>
All <a href="/wiki/Spermatophytes" class="mw-redirect"
title="Spermatophytes">spermatophytes</a>, except for the <a href="/wiki/Grass"
class="mw-redirect" title="Grass">grass</a>-<a href="/wiki/Cereal"
title="Cereal">cereal</a> family, contain 7S (vicilin) and 11S (legumin) <a
href="/wiki/Soy_protein" title="Soy protein">soy protein</a>-like globulin storage
proteins; or only one of these <a href="/wiki/Globulin"
title="Globulin">globulin</a> proteins. S denotes <a href="/wiki/Svedberg"
title="Svedberg">Svedberg</a>, sedimentation coefficients. Oats and rice are
anomalous in that they also contain a majority of soybean-like protein.<a href="#cite_note-
Seed_Proteins_1999-27">[27]</a> Cocoa, for example, contains the 7S
globulin, which contributes to cocoa/chocolate taste and aroma,[30]</a> whereas coffee beans (coffee grounds)
contain the 11S globulin responsible for coffee's aroma and flavor.Vicilin and legumin proteins belong to the <a href="/wiki/Cupin_superfamily"
title="Cupin superfamily">cupin superfamily</a>, a large family of functionally
diverse proteins that have a common origin and whose evolution can be followed from
bacteria to eukaryotes including animals and higher plants.2S <a href="/wiki/Albumins" class="mw-redirect"
title="Albumins">albumins</a> form a major group of homologous storage proteins in
many <a href="/wiki/Dicot" class="mw-redirect" title="Dicot">dicot</a> species and
in some <a href="/wiki/Monocots" class="mw-redirect" title="Monocots">monocots</a>
but not in grasses (cereals).<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-34">[34]</a>
Soybeans contain a small but significant 2S storage protein.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-
href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> 2S albumin are grouped in the <a
href="/wiki/Prolamin" title="Prolamin">prolamin</a> superfamily.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Other
allergenic proteins included in this 'superfamily' are the non-specific <a
href="/wiki/Plant_lipid_transfer_proteins" title="Plant lipid transfer
proteins">plant lipid transfer proteins</a>, <a
href="/wiki/Alpha_amylase_inhibitor" title="Alpha amylase inhibitor">alpha amylase
inhibitor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trypsin_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect"
title="Trypsin inhibitors">trypsin inhibitors</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Prolamin"
title="Prolamin">prolamin</a> storage proteins of cereals and grasses.<a href="#cite_note-
Seed_Proteins_1999-27">[27]</a>
<a href="/wiki/Peanut" title="Peanut">Peanuts</a>, for instance, contain 20%
2S albumin but only 6% 7S globulin and 74% 11S.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-34">[34]</a> It is
the high 2S albumin and low 7S globulin that is responsible for the relatively low
lysine content of peanut protein compared to soy protein.

<h4>Carbohydratesedit</a>The principal soluble <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate"
title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrates</a> of mature soybeans are the disaccharide <a
href="/wiki/Sucrose" title="Sucrose">sucrose</a> (range 2.5–8.2%), the
trisaccharide <a href="/wiki/Raffinose" title="Raffinose">raffinose</a> (0.1–1.0%)
composed of one sucrose molecule connected to one molecule of <a
href="/wiki/Galactose" title="Galactose">galactose</a>, and the tetrasaccharide <a
href="/wiki/Stachyose" title="Stachyose">stachyose</a> (1.4 to 4.1%) composed of
one sucrose connected to two molecules of galactose.[<a
href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] While the <a
href="/wiki/Oligosaccharide" title="Oligosaccharide">oligosaccharides</a> raffinose
and stachyose protect the viability of the soybean seed from desiccation (see above
section on physical characteristics) they are not digestible sugars, so contribute
to <a href="/wiki/Flatulence" title="Flatulence">flatulence</a> and abdominal
discomfort in humans and other <a href="/wiki/Monogastric"
title="Monogastric">monogastric</a> animals, comparable to the disaccharide <a
href="/wiki/Trehalose" title="Trehalose">trehalose</a>. Undigested oligosaccharides
are broken down in the intestine by native microbes, producing gases such as <a
href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>, <a
href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Methane"
title="Methane">methane</a>.
Since soluble soy carbohydrates are found in the whey and are broken down
during fermentation, soy concentrate, soy protein isolates, tofu, soy sauce, and
sprouted soybeans are without flatus activity. On the other hand, there may be some
beneficial effects to ingesting oligosaccharides such as <a href="/wiki/Raffinose"
title="Raffinose">raffinose</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stachyose"
title="Stachyose">stachyose</a>, namely, encouraging indigenous <a
href="/wiki/Bifidobacterium" title="Bifidobacterium">bifidobacteria</a> in the
colon against putrefactive bacteria.
The insoluble carbohydrates in soybeans consist of the complex
polysaccharides <a href="/wiki/Cellulose" title="Cellulose">cellulose</a>, <a
href="/wiki/Hemicellulose" title="Hemicellulose">hemicellulose</a>, and <a
href="/wiki/Pectin" title="Pectin">pectin</a>. The majority of soybean
carbohydrates can be classed as belonging to <a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber"
title="Dietary fiber">dietary fiber</a>.

<h4>Fatsedit</a>]</h4>
Raw soybeans are 20% fat, including <a href="/wiki/Saturated_fat"
title="Saturated fat">saturated fat</a> (3%), <a href="/wiki/Monounsaturated_fat"
class="mw-redirect" title="Monounsaturated fat">monounsaturated fat</a> (4%) and
polyunsaturated fat, mainly as <a href="/wiki/Linoleic_acid" title="Linoleic
acid">linoleic acid</a> (table).
Within <a href="/wiki/Soybean_oil" title="Soybean oil">soybean oil</a> or
the <a href="/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid">lipid</a> portion of the seed is contained
four <a href="/wiki/Phytosterol" title="Phytosterol">phytosterols</a>: <a
href="/wiki/Stigmasterol" title="Stigmasterol">stigmasterol</a>, <a
href="/wiki/Sitosterol" class="mw-redirect" title="Sitosterol">sitosterol</a>, <a
href="/wiki/Campesterol" title="Campesterol">campesterol</a>, and <a
href="/wiki/Brassicasterol" title="Brassicasterol">brassicasterol</a> accounting
for about 2.5% of the lipid fraction; and which can be converted into <a
href="/wiki/Steroid_hormone" title="Steroid hormone">steroid hormones</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"
title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]
Additionally soybeans are a rich source of <a href="/wiki/Sphingolipid"
title="Sphingolipid">sphingolipids</a>.<a

<h3>Comparison to other major staple
foods[<a href="/w/index.php?
title=Soybean&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Comparison to
other major staple foods">edit</a>The following table shows the nutrient content of green soybean and other major
staple foods, each in respective raw form. Raw soybeans, however, aren't edible and
cannot be digested. These must be sprouted, or prepared and cooked for human
consumption. In sprouted and cooked form, the relative nutritional and anti-
nutritional contents of each of these grains is remarkably different from that of
raw form of these grains reported in this table. The nutritional value of soybean
and each cooked staple depends on the processing and the method of cooking:
boiling, frying, roasting, baking, etc.

<table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;">
<caption>Nutrient content of 10 major <a href="/wiki/Staple_food"
title="Staple food">staple foods</a> per 100 g portion,<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> in order of rank
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th style="text-align: left;">Nutrient
</th>
<th><a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">Maize</a> (corn)<a href="#endnote_reference_name_AA">[A]</a>
</th>
<th><a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">Rice, white</a><a href="#endnote_reference_name_BB">[B]</a>
</th>
<th><a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">Wheat</a><a href="#endnote_reference_name_CC">[C]</a>
</th>
<th><a href="/wiki/Potatoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Potatoes">Potatoes</a><a
href="#endnote_reference_name_DD">[D]</a>
</th>
<th><a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">Cassava</a><a href="#endnote_reference_name_EE">[E]</a>
</th>
<th><a href="/wiki/Soybeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Soybeans">Soybeans</a>,
green<a
href="#endnote_reference_name_FF">[F]</a>
</th>
<th><a href="/wiki/Sweet_potatoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweet potatoes">Sweet
potatoes</a><a
href="#endnote_reference_name_GG">[G]</a>
</th>
<th><a href="/wiki/Yam_(vegetable)" title="Yam (vegetable)">Yams</a><a
href="#endnote_reference_name_YY">[Y]</a>
</th>
<th><a href="/wiki/Sorghum" title="Sorghum">Sorghum</a><a href="#endnote_reference_name_HH">[H]</a>
</th>
<th><a href="/wiki/Cooking_plantain" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooking
plantain">Plantain</a><a
href="#endnote_reference_name_ZZ">[Z]</a>
</th>
<th><a href="/wiki/Recommended_Dietary_Allowance" class="mw-redirect"
title="Recommended Dietary Allowance">RDA</a>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;">Water (g)
</td>
<td>10
</td>
<td>12
</td>
<td>13
</td>
<td>79
</td>
<td>60
</td>
<td>68
</td>
<td>77
</td>
<td>70
</td>
<td>9
</td>
<td>65
</td>
<td>3,000
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;">Energy (kJ)
</td>
<td>1,528
</td>
<td>1,528
</td>
<td>1,369
</td>
<td>322
</td>
<td>670
</td>
<td>615
</td>
<td>360
</td>
<td>494
</td>
<td>1,419
</td>
<td>511
</td>
<td>8,368–10,460
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein
(nutrient)">Protein</a> (g)
</td>
<td>9.4
</td>
<td>7.1
</td>
<td>12.6
</td>
<td>2.0
</td>
<td>1.4
</td>
<td>13.0
</td>
<td>1.6
</td>
<td>1.5
</td>
<td>11.3
</td>
<td>1.3
</td>
<td>50
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a> (g)
</td>
<td>4.74
</td>
<td>0.66
</td>
<td>1.54
</td>
<td>0.09
</td>
<td>0.28
</td>
<td>6.8
</td>
<td>0.05
</td>
<td>0.17
</td>
<td>3.3
</td>
<td>0.37
</td>
<td>44–77
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate#Nutrition"
title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a> (g)
</td>
<td>74
</td>
<td>80
</td>
<td>71
</td>
<td>17
</td>
<td>38
</td>
<td>11
</td>
<td>20
</td>
<td>28
</td>
<td>75
</td>
<td>32
</td>
<td>130
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary
fiber">Fiber</a> (g)
</td>
<td>7.3
</td>
<td>1.3
</td>
<td>12.2
</td>
<td>2.2
</td>
<td>1.8
</td>
<td>4.2
</td>
<td>3
</td>
<td>4.1
</td>
<td>6.3
</td>
<td>2.3
</td>
<td>30
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugar</a> (g)
</td>
<td>0.64
</td>
<td>0.12
</td>
<td>0.41
</td>
<td>0.78
</td>
<td>1.7
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>4.18
</td>
<td>0.5
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>15
</td>
<td>minimal
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th style="text-align: left;">Minerals
</th>
<th><a
href="#endnote_reference_name_AA">[A]</a>
</th>
<th><a
href="#endnote_reference_name_BB">[B]</a>
</th>
<th><a
href="#endnote_reference_name_CC">[C]</a>
</th>
<th><a
</th>
<th><a
href="#endnote_reference_name_EE">[E]</a>
</th>
<th><a
</th>
<th><a
</th>
<th><a
</th>
<th><a
href="#endnote_reference_name_HH">[H]</a>
</th>
<th><a
</th>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology" title="Calcium in
biology">Calcium</a> (mg)
</td>
<td>7
</td>
<td>28
</td>
<td>29
</td>
<td>12
</td>
<td>16
</td>
<td>197
</td>
<td>30
</td>
<td>17
</td>
<td>28
</td>
<td>3
</td>
<td>1,000
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human
iron metabolism">Iron</a> (mg)
</td>
<td>2.71
</td>
<td>0.8
</td>
<td>3.19
</td>
<td>0.78
</td>
<td>0.27
</td>
<td>3.55
</td>
<td>0.61
</td>
<td>0.54
</td>
<td>4.4
</td>
<td>0.6
</td>
<td>8
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology"
title="Magnesium in biology">Magnesium</a> (mg)
</td>
<td>127
</td>
<td>25
</td>
<td>126
</td>
<td>23
</td>
<td>21
</td>
<td>65
</td>
<td>25
</td>
<td>21
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>37
</td>
<td>400
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Dietary_mineral" class="mw-redirect"
title="Dietary mineral">Phosphorus</a> (mg)
</td>
<td>210
</td>
<td>115
</td>
<td>288
</td>
<td>57
</td>
<td>27
</td>
<td>194
</td>
<td>47
</td>
<td>55
</td>
<td>287
</td>
<td>34
</td>
<td>700
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology"
title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a> (mg)
</td>
<td>287
</td>
<td>115
</td>
<td>363
</td>
<td>421
</td>
<td>271
</td>
<td>620
</td>
<td>337
</td>
<td>816
</td>
<td>350
</td>
<td>499
</td>
<td>4,700
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in
biology">Sodium</a> (mg)
</td>
<td>35
</td>
<td>5
</td>
<td>2
</td>
<td>6
</td>
<td>14
</td>
<td>15
</td>
<td>55
</td>
<td>9
</td>
<td>6
</td>
<td>4
</td>
<td>1,500
</td></tr>
<tr>
title="Dietary mineral">Zinc</a> (mg)
</td>
<td>2.21
</td>
<td>1.09
</td>
<td>2.65
</td>
<td>0.29
</td>
<td>0.34
</td>
<td>0.99
</td>
<td>0.3
</td>
<td>0.24
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>0.14
</td>
<td>11
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Copper_in_health" title="Copper in
health">Copper</a> (mg)
</td>
<td>0.31
</td>
<td>0.22
</td>
<td>0.43
</td>
<td>0.11
</td>
<td>0.10
</td>
<td>0.13
</td>
<td>0.15
</td>
<td>0.18
</td>
<td>-
</td>
<td>0.08
</td>
<td>0.9
</td></tr>
<tr>
title="Dietary mineral">Manganese</a> (mg)
</td>
<td>0.49
</td>
<td>1.09
</td>
<td>3.99
</td>
<td>0.15
</td>
<td>0.38
</td>
<td>0.55
</td>
<td>0.26
</td>
<td>0.40
</td>
<td>-
</td>
<td>-
</td>
<td>2.3
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Selenium_in_biology" title="Selenium
in biology">Selenium</a> (μg)
</td>
<td>15.5
</td>
<td>15.1
</td>
<td>70.7
</td>
<td>0.3
</td>
<td>0.7
</td>
<td>1.5
</td>
<td>0.6
</td>
<td>0.7
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>1.5
</td>
<td>55
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th style="text-align: left;">Vitamins
</th>
</th>
</th>
</th>
</th>
</th>
</th>
</th>
</th>
</th>
</th>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin
C</a> (mg)
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>19.7
</td>
<td>20.6
</td>
<td>29
</td>
<td>2.4
</td>
<td>17.1
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>18.4
</td>
<td>90
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Thiamin" class="mw-redirect"
title="Thiamin">Thiamin</a> (B1) (mg)
</td>
<td>0.39
</td>
<td>0.07
</td>
<td>0.30
</td>
<td>0.08
</td>
<td>0.09
</td>
<td>0.44
</td>
<td>0.08
</td>
<td>0.11
</td>
<td>0.24
</td>
<td>0.05
</td>
<td>1.2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin"
title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin</a> (B2) (mg)
</td>
<td>0.20
</td>
<td>0.05
</td>
<td>0.12
</td>
<td>0.03
</td>
<td>0.05
</td>
<td>0.18
</td>
<td>0.06
</td>
<td>0.03
</td>
<td>0.14
</td>
<td>0.05
</td>
<td>1.3
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Niacin" title="Niacin">Niacin</a>
(B3) (mg)
</td>
<td>3.63
</td>
<td>1.6
</td>
<td>5.46
</td>
<td>1.05
</td>
<td>0.85
</td>
<td>1.65
</td>
<td>0.56
</td>
<td>0.55
</td>
<td>2.93
</td>
<td>0.69
</td>
<td>16
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Pantothenic_acid" title="Pantothenic
acid">Pantothenic acid</a> (B5) (mg)
</td>
<td>0.42
</td>
<td>1.01
</td>
<td>0.95
</td>
<td>0.30
</td>
<td>0.11
</td>
<td>0.15
</td>
<td>0.80
</td>
<td>0.31
</td>
<td>-
</td>
<td>0.26
</td>
<td>5
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin
B6">Vitamin B6</a> (mg)
</td>
<td>0.62
</td>
<td>0.16
</td>
<td>0.3
</td>
<td>0.30
</td>
<td>0.09
</td>
<td>0.07
</td>
<td>0.21
</td>
<td>0.29
</td>
<td>-
</td>
<td>0.30
</td>
<td>1.3
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">Folate</a>
Total (B9) (μg)
</td>
<td>19
</td>
<td>8
</td>
<td>38
</td>
<td>16
</td>
<td>27
</td>
<td>165
</td>
<td>11
</td>
<td>23
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>22
</td>
<td>400
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">Vitamin
A</a> (IU)
</td>
<td>214
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>9
</td>
<td>2
</td>
<td>13
</td>
<td>180
</td>
<td>14,187
</td>
<td>138
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>1,127
</td>
<td>5,000
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">Vitamin
E</a>, alpha-tocopherol (mg)
</td>
<td>0.49
</td>
<td>0.11
</td>
<td>1.01
</td>
<td>0.01
</td>
<td>0.19
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>0.26
</td>
<td>0.39
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>0.14
</td>
<td>15
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K1" class="mw-redirect"
title="Vitamin K1">Vitamin K1</a> (μg)
</td>
<td>0.3
</td>
<td>0.1
</td>
<td>1.9
</td>
<td>1.9
</td>
<td>1.9
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>1.8
</td>
<td>2.6
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>0.7
</td>
<td>120
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Beta-carotene" class="mw-redirect"
title="Beta-carotene">Beta-carotene</a> (μg)
</td>
<td>97
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>5
</td>
<td>1
</td>
<td>8
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>8,509
</td>
<td>83
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>457
</td>
<td>10,500
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Lutein" title="Lutein">Lutein</a>+<a
href="/wiki/Zeaxanthin" title="Zeaxanthin">zeaxanthin</a> (μg)
</td>
<td>1,355
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>220
</td>
<td>8
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>30
</td>
<td>6,000
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th style="text-align: left;">Fats
</th>
</th>
</th>
</th>
</th>
</th>
</th>
</th>
</th>
</th>
</th>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Saturated_fat" title="Saturated
fat">Saturated fatty acids</a> (g)
</td>
<td>0.67
</td>
<td>0.18
</td>
<td>0.26
</td>
<td>0.03
</td>
<td>0.07
</td>
<td>0.79
</td>
<td>0.02
</td>
<td>0.04
</td>
<td>0.46
</td>
<td>0.14
</td>
<td>minimal
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Monounsaturated_fat" class="mw-
redirect" title="Monounsaturated fat">Monounsaturated fatty acids</a> (g)
</td>
<td>1.25
</td>
<td>0.21
</td>
<td>0.2
</td>
<td>0.00
</td>
<td>0.08
</td>
<td>1.28
</td>
<td>0.00
</td>
<td>0.01
</td>
<td>0.99
</td>
<td>0.03
</td>
<td>22–55
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Polyunsaturated_fat" class="mw-
redirect" title="Polyunsaturated fat">Polyunsaturated fatty acids</a> (g)
</td>
<td>2.16
</td>
<td>0.18
</td>
<td>0.63
</td>
<td>0.04
</td>
<td>0.05
</td>
<td>3.20
</td>
<td>0.01
</td>
<td>0.08
</td>
<td>1.37
</td>
<td>0.07
</td>
<td>13–19
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th>
</th>
</th>
</th>
</th>
</th>
</th>
</th>
</th>
</th>
</th>
</th>
</th></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="div-col columns column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 20em; -webkit-
column-width: 20em; column-width: 20em;">
<a
href="#ref_reference_name_AA">A</a> raw yellow dent
corn 
<a
href="#ref_reference_name_BB">B</a> raw unenriched long-
grain white rice 
<a
href="#ref_reference_name_CC">C</a> raw hard red winter
wheat 
<a
href="#ref_reference_name_DD">D</a> raw potato with flesh
and skin 
<a
href="#ref_reference_name_EE">E</a> raw cassava 
<a
href="#ref_reference_name_FF">F</a> raw green soybeans 
<a
href="#ref_reference_name_GG">G</a> raw sweet
potato 
<a
href="#ref_reference_name_HH">H</a> raw sorghum 
<a
href="#ref_reference_name_YY">Y</a> raw yam 
<a
href="#ref_reference_name_ZZ">Z</a> raw plantains 
<a
href="#ref_reference_name_star/*">/*</a> unofficial 

</div>
<h2>Cultivationedit</a>]</h2>
href="/wiki/File:AreialSeedingPlane.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/AreialSeedingPlane.jpg/170
px-AreialSeedingPlane.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="253"
class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/AreialSeedingPlane.jpg/
255px-AreialSeedingPlane.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/AreialSeedingPlane.jpg/340px-
AreialSeedingPlane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1873" data-file-height="2790" /></a>
href="/wiki/File:AreialSeedingPlane.jpg" class="internal"
title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Biplane" title="Biplane">Biplane</a> <a
href="/wiki/Cropduster" class="mw-redirect" title="Cropduster">cropduster</a> over
US soybean field</div></div></div>
href="/wiki/List_of_soybean_diseases" title="List of soybean diseases">List of
soybean diseases</a></div>
<h3>Usesedit</a>]</h3>
Soybeans are a globally important crop, providing oil and protein. In the United
States, the bulk of the harvest is solvent-extracted with <a href="/wiki/Hexane"
title="Hexane">hexane</a>, and the "toasted" defatted soymeal (50% protein) then
makes possible the <a href="/wiki/Fodder" title="Fodder">raising of farm
animals</a> (e.g. chicken, hog, turkey) on a large industrial scale. Soybean
products are used in a large variety of processed foods.
During World War II, soybeans became important in both North America and
Europe chiefly as substitutes for other protein foods and as a source of edible
oil. During the war, the soybean was discovered as <a href="/wiki/Fertilizer"
title="Fertilizer">fertilizer</a> by the <a
href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States
Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a>.

<h3>Conditionsedit</a>]</h3>
Cultivation is successful in climates with hot summers, with optimum growing
conditions in mean temperatures of 20 to 30 °C (68 to 86 °F);
temperatures of below 20 °C and over 40 °C (68 °F, 104 °F)
stunt growth significantly. They can grow in a wide range of soils, with optimum
growth in moist alluvial soils with a good organic content. Soybeans, like most
legumes, perform <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_fixation" title="Nitrogen
fixation">nitrogen fixation</a> by establishing a <a href="/wiki/Symbiotic"
class="mw-redirect" title="Symbiotic">symbiotic</a> relationship with the bacterium
<a href="/wiki/Rhizobia" title="Rhizobia">Bradyrhizobium japonicum</a> (<a
href="/wiki/Synonymy" class="mw-redirect" title="Synonymy">syn.</a> Rhizobium
japonicum; Jordan 1982). This ability to fix nitrogen allows farmers to reduce
nitrogen <a href="/wiki/Fertilizer" title="Fertilizer">fertilizer</a> use and
increase yields when growing other crops in <a href="/wiki/Crop_rotation"
title="Crop rotation">rotation</a> with soy.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> There may be some
trade-offs, however, in the long-term abundance of <a
href="/wiki/Soil_organic_matter" title="Soil organic matter">organic material in
soils</a> where soy and other crops (for example, <a href="/wiki/Maize"
title="Maize">corn</a>) are grown in rotation.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> For best results,
though, an inoculum of the correct strain of bacteria should be mixed with the
soybean (or any legume) seed before planting. Modern crop <a href="/wiki/Cultivar"
title="Cultivar">cultivars</a> generally reach a height of around 1 m
(3.3 ft), and take 80–120 days from sowing to harvesting.<div
class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a
href="/wiki/File:Sembrado_de_soja_en_argentina.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Sembrado_de_soja_en_argent
ina.jpg/200px-Sembrado_de_soja_en_argentina.jpg" decoding="async" width="200"
height="150" class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Sembrado_de_soja_en_arg
entina.jpg/300px-Sembrado_de_soja_en_argentina.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Sembrado_de_soja_en_argentina.j
pg/400px-Sembrado_de_soja_en_argentina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-
height="1536" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a
href="/wiki/File:Sembrado_de_soja_en_argentina.jpg" class="internal"
title="Enlarge"></a></div>Soya Fields in Argentina</div></div></div>
<h3>Environmental
issuesedit</a>]</h3>
Environmental groups such as <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace"
title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a> and the <a
href="/wiki/World_Wide_Fund_for_Nature" title="World Wide Fund for Nature">WWF</a>
have reported soybean cultivation—especially <a
href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Brazil#Soybean_production" title="Deforestation in
Brazil">soybean cultivation in Brazil</a>—has already <a
href="/wiki/Deforestation_of_the_Amazon_rainforest" title="Deforestation of the
Amazon rainforest">destroyed huge areas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Amazon_rainforest"
title="Amazon rainforest">Amazon rainforest</a>, and is encouraging further <a
href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a>.[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> The driving cause
of this deforestation is the global demand for meat, which in turn requires huge
tracts of land to grow feed crops for livestock. Around 80% of the global soybean
crop is used to feed livestock.<a
href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Soya imports represent 47% of <a
href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">Europe</a>’s deforestation
footprint, compared to 14% for pasture expansion for livestock and 10% for palm
oil.<a href="#cite_note-
A <a href="/wiki/Moratorium_(law)" title="Moratorium (law)">moratorium</a>
introduced by Brazilian soy exporters in 2006 reduced expansion of soy into the
Amazon, but did not protect other <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem"
title="Ecosystem">ecosystems</a>, such as the neighboring <a href="/wiki/Cerrado"
title="Cerrado">Cerrado</a>, where soy expansion still brings <a
href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Brazil#Soybean_production" title="Deforestation in
Brazil">deforestation</a>. In 2015, 48% of Brazil’s soy production came from the
Cerrado <a href="/wiki/Biome" title="Biome">biome</a>, whereas only 13% came from
the Amazon.<a href="#cite_note-
49">[49]</a> Direct clearing of forest for soy cultivation is an
ongoing problem, but the majority of soy cultivation replaces <a href="/wiki/Ranch"
title="Ranch">cattle pasture</a> as it becomes less productive. Those cattle
pastures, however, replaced primary forest. Although the moratorium has not ended
soy-driven deforestation in Brazil, it helped decrease it in combination with <a
href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Brazil#Response" title="Deforestation in
Brazil">existing regulation</a>, and it indicates that a market-oriented approach
may be important to reduce soy-caused deforestation in Brazil.
<h3>Soilsedit</a>]</h3>
Soil scientists <a href="/wiki/Edson_Lobato" title="Edson Lobato">Edson
Lobato</a> (Brazil), <a href="/wiki/Andrew_McClung" class="mw-redirect"
title="Andrew McClung">Andrew McClung</a> (U.S.), and <a
href="/wiki/Alysson_Paolinelli" title="Alysson Paolinelli">Alysson Paolinelli</a>
(Brazil) were awarded the 2006 <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Prize" title="World Food
Prize">World Food Prize</a> for transforming the ecologically biodiverse savannah
of the <a href="/wiki/Cerrado" title="Cerrado">Cerrado</a> region of Brazil into
highly productive cropland that could grow profitable soybeans.[53]</a> However, even correcting for poor soils
soybeans were an unlikely cash crop for the Cerrado. Soy did not fare well in the
low latitudes. More than the heat and humidity, it was a lack of seasons that
hampered production. In the higher more northerly latitudes, flowering coincides
with the summer solstice, when the plants reach their maximum height. The first
soybeans planted in the Cerrado, however, flowered early and, deprived of long
summer days, remained stunted. For soy agriculture to take root in Mato Grosso it
was first necessary to develop a "tropical soybean"—one that would flower later,
giving the plants more time to fully mature. This was accomplished after years of
crossbreeding by scientists within <a href="/wiki/Embrapa" class="mw-redirect"
title="Embrapa">Embrapa</a>, the research arm of the Brazilian Ministry of
Agriculture.<a
href="#cite_note-vqronline.org-54">[54]</a>
href="/wiki/File:Soybean_rust.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Soybean_rust.jpg/200px-
Soybean_rust.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Soybean_rust.jpg/300px-
Soybean_rust.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Soybean_rust.jpg/400px-
Soybean_rust.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a> <div
class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Soybean_rust.jpg"
class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Soybean rust</div></div></div>
<h3>Contamination
concernsedit</a>]</h3>
Human <a href="/wiki/Sewage_sludge" title="Sewage sludge">sewage sludge</a> can
be used as fertilizer to grow soybeans. Soybeans grown in sewage sludge likely
contain elevated concentrations of metals.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a>

<h3>Pestsedit</a>]</h3>
Soybean plants are vulnerable to a wide range of bacterial diseases, fungal
diseases, viral diseases and parasites. The primary bacterial diseases include <a
href="/wiki/Bacterial_blight" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacterial
blight">Bacterial blight</a>, Bacterial pustule and <a href="/wiki/Downy_mildew"
title="Downy mildew">Downy mildew</a> affecting the soybean plant.corn earworm moth and
bollworm</a> is a common and destructive pest of soybean growth in Virginia.Soybeans are consumed by <a href="/wiki/Whitetail_deer" class="mw-redirect"
title="Whitetail deer">whitetail deer</a> which may damage soybean plants through
feeding, trampling and bedding, reducing <a href="/wiki/Crop_yield" title="Crop
yield">crop yields</a> by as much as 15%.<a href="#cite_note-ag-60">[60]</a> <a
href="/wiki/Groundhog" title="Groundhog">Groundhogs</a> are also a common pest in
soybean fields, living in burrows underground and feeding nearby. One den of
groundhogs can consume a tenth to a quarter of an acre of soybeans.<a href="#cite_note-brant-
61">[61]</a> <a href="/wiki/Animal_repellent" title="Animal
repellent">Chemical repellents</a> or <a href="/wiki/Firearm"
title="Firearm">firearms</a> are effective for controlling pests in soybean
fields.<a href="#cite_note-ag-
60">[60]</a><a
href="#cite_note-brant-61">[61]</a>

<h2>Productionedit</a>]</h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a
href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_soybean_production" title="List of countries by
soybean production">List of countries by soybean production</a></div>
<table class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:left; width:18em;">
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="2">Soybean production – 2018
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th style="background:#ddf; width:75%;">Country
</th>
<th style="background:#ddf; width:25%;">Production (millions of <a
href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a>)
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><center><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-
Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="thumbborder"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-
Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-
Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="504"
/> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </center></td>
<td><center>126</center>
</td></tr>
<tr>
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/2
3px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12"
class="thumbborder"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.sv
g/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-
Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"
/> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United
States</a> </center></td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px
-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14"
class="thumbborder"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/3
5px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-
Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500"
/> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>
</center></td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People
%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png"
decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People
%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png
1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People
%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png
2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a
href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </center></td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-
Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-
Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-
Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900"
/> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </center></td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-
Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13"
class="thumbborder"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35
px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-
Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660"
/> <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>
</center></td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><center>World</center></td>
<td><center>356</center>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Source: <a
href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization_Corporate_Statistical_Database"
title="Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical
Database">FAOSTAT</a><a
href="#cite_note-faostat18-62">[62]</a>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
In 2018, world production of soybeans was over 356 million tonnes, led by Brazil
and the United States combined with 70% of the total (table). Production has
dramatically increased across the globe since the 1960s, but particularly in South
America after a cultivar that grew well in low latitudes was developed in the
1980s.<a href="#cite_note-
63">[63]</a> The rapid growth of the industry has been primarily
fueled by large increases in <a href="/wiki/Western_pattern_diet" title="Western
pattern diet">worldwide demand for meat</a> products, particularly in developing
countries like China, which alone accounts for more than 60% of imports.
<h2>Historyedit</a>]</h2>
Soybeans were a crucial crop in East Asia long before written records began.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Prior to <a
href="/wiki/Fermentation_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermentation
(food)">fermented</a> products such as fermented black soybeans (<a
href="/wiki/Douchi" title="Douchi">douchi</a>), jiang (Chinese miso), <a
href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">soy sauce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tempeh"
title="Tempeh">tempeh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natt%C5%8D" title="Nattō">nattō</a>, and
<a href="/wiki/Miso" title="Miso">miso</a>, soy was considered sacred for its
beneficial effects in <a href="/wiki/Crop_rotation" title="Crop rotation">crop
rotation</a>, and it was eaten by itself, and as <a href="/wiki/Bean_curd"
class="mw-redirect" title="Bean curd">bean curd</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soy_milk"
title="Soy milk">soy milk</a>.
Soybeans were introduced to <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> in <a
href="/wiki/Malay_Archipelago" title="Malay Archipelago">Malay Archipelago</a>
circa 13th century or probably earlier. By the 17th century through their trade
with Far East, soybeans and its products were traded by European traders
(Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch) in Asia, and supposedly reached Indian
Subcontinent by this period.
By the 18th century, soybeans were introduced to the Americas and Europe
from China. Soy was introduced to Africa from China in the late 19th century, and
is now widespread across the continent. They are now a major crop in the United
States, Brazil, Argentina, India, and China.

<h3>East Asiaedit</a>]</h3>
href="/wiki/File:Leiden_University_Library_-_Seikei_Zusetsu_vol._18,_page_023_-_
%E7%A9%AD%E8%B1%86_-_Glycine_max_(L.)_Merr.,_1804.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Leiden_University_Library_
-_Seikei_Zusetsu_vol._18%2C_page_023_-_%E7%A9%AD%E8%B1%86_-_Glycine_max_%28L.
%29_Merr.%2C_1804.jpg/220px-Leiden_University_Library_-
_Seikei_Zusetsu_vol._18%2C_page_023_-_%E7%A9%AD%E8%B1%86_-_Glycine_max_%28L.
%29_Merr.%2C_1804.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Leiden_University_Libra
ry_-_Seikei_Zusetsu_vol._18%2C_page_023_-_%E7%A9%AD%E8%B1%86_-_Glycine_max_%28L.
%29_Merr.%2C_1804.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Leiden_University_Library_-
%29_Merr.%2C_1804.jpg 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="800" /></a> <div
class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a
href="/wiki/File:Leiden_University_Library_-_Seikei_Zusetsu_vol._18,_page_023_-_
%E7%A9%AD%E8%B1%86_-_Glycine_max_(L.)_Merr.,_1804.jpg" class="internal"
title="Enlarge"></a></div>Soybean, illustration from the Japanese agricultural
encyclopedia Seikei Zusetsu (1804)</div></div></div>
The closest living relative of the soybean is <a href="/wiki/Glycine_soja"
title="Glycine soja">Glycine soja</a> (previously called G.
ussuriensis), a legume native to central China.<a href="#cite_note-britannica-67">[67]</a>
According to the ancient Chinese myth, in 2853 BC, the legendary <a
href="/wiki/Shennong" title="Shennong">Emperor Shennong</a> of China proclaimed
that five plants were sacred: soybeans, rice, wheat, barley, and <a
href="/wiki/Millet" title="Millet">millet</a>.The origin of soy bean cultivation remains scientifically debated. Early
Chinese records mention that soybeans were a gift from the region of <a
href="/wiki/Yangtze_River_delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River
delta">Yangtze River delta</a> and Southeast China.<a
href="#cite_note-Britannica_Educational_Publishing_p._48-69">[69]</a>
Recent research, however, indicates that seeding of wild forms started early
(before 5000 BC) in multiple locations throughout East Asia<a href="#cite_note-PLOSONE-
70">[70]</a> The Great Soviet Encyclopedia claims soybean cultivation
originated in China about 5000 years ago.<a
href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Some scholars suggest that soybean
originated in China and was domesticated about 3500 BC.<a href="#cite_note-Siddiqi-
72">[72]</a> The earliest documented evidence for the use of Glycine
of any kind comes from charred plant remains of wild soybean recovered from Jiahu
in Henan province China, a Neolithic site occupied between 9000 and 7800 calendar
years ago (cal bp)<a href="#cite_note-
73">[73]</a> Centered around this region, an abundance of
archeological, charred soybean specimens.
<a href="#cite_note-
74">[74]</a> However, the oldest preserved soybeans resembling modern
varieties in size and shape were found in <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_site"
title="Archaeological site">archaeological sites</a> in <a href="/wiki/Korea"
title="Korea">Korea</a> dated about 1000 BC.<a
href="#cite_note-Britannica_Educational_Publishing_p._48-
69">[69]</a><a
href="#cite_note-stark-75">[75]</a> <a
href="/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating" title="Radiocarbon dating">Radiocarbon dating</a>
of soybean samples recovered through <a href="/wiki/Flotation_(archaeology)"
class="mw-redirect" title="Flotation (archaeology)">flotation</a> during
excavations at the Early <a href="/wiki/Mumun" class="mw-redirect"
title="Mumun">Mumun</a> period Okbang site in Korea indicated soybean was
cultivated as a food crop in around 1000–900 BC.<a href="#cite_note-stark-75">[75]</a> Soybeans
from the Jōmon period in Japan from 3000 BC<a href="#cite_note-PLOSONE-70">[70]</a> are also
significantly larger than wild varieties.<a href="#cite_note-PLOSONE-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-Murphy-77">[77]</a> Soybeans
became an important crop by the Zhou Dynasty (c. 1046–256 BC) in China. However,
the details of where, when, and under what circumstances soybean developed a close
relationship with people are poorly understood. Soy bean was unknown in South China
before the Han period.<a
href="#cite_note-PLOSONE-70">[70]</a> From about the first century AD
to the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Discovery" title="Age of Discovery">Age of
Discovery</a> (15–16th centuries), soybeans were introduced into across South and
Southeast Asia. This spread was due to the establishment of sea and land trade
routes. The earliest Japanese textual reference to the soybean is in the classic
<a href="/wiki/Kojiki" title="Kojiki">Kojiki</a> (Records of Ancient
Matters), which was completed in AD 712.

<h3>Southeast Asiaedit</a>Soybeans were mentioned as kadêlê (modern <a
href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a> term:
kedelai)<a href="#cite_note-
78">[78]</a> in an <a href="/wiki/Old_Javanese" class="mw-redirect"
title="Old Javanese">old Javanese</a> manuscript, Serat <a href="/wiki/Sri_Tanjung"
title="Sri Tanjung">Sri Tanjung</a>, which dates to 12th- to 13th-century <a
href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Historia-79">[79]</a> By the
13th century, the soybean had arrived and cultivated in Indonesia; it probably
arrived much earlier however, carried by traders or merchants from Southern
China.<a href="#cite_note-
80">[80]</a>
The earliest known reference to it as "<a href="/wiki/Tempeh"
title="Tempeh">tempeh</a>" appeared in 1815 in the <a href="/wiki/Serat_Centhini"
title="Serat Centhini">Serat Centhini</a> manuscript.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> The development of
tempeh fermented soybean cake probably took place earlier, circa 17th century in
Java.

<h3>Indian
subcontinentedit</a>]</h3>
By the 1600s, soy sauce spread from southern Japan across the region through the
<a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch
East India Company</a> (VOC).

href="/wiki/File:Soya_Bean.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Soya_Bean.jpg/220px-
Soya_Bean.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Soya_Bean.jpg/330px-
Soya_Bean.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Soya_Bean.jpg/440px-
Soya_Bean.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a> <div
class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Soya_Bean.jpg"
class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Soybeans from a high-altitude area of <a
href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></div></div></div>
href="/wiki/File:Soyabean_field.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Soyabean_field.jpg/220px-
Soyabean_field.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Soyabean_field.jpg/330p
x-Soyabean_field.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Soyabean_field.jpg/440px-
Soyabean_field.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a> <div
class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Soyabean_field.jpg"
class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Soyabean field in
India</div></div></div>
The soybean probably arrived from southern China, moving southwest into northern
parts of Indian subcontinent by this period.
<h3>Iberiaedit</a>]</h3>
In 1603, "<a href="/wiki/Nippo_Jisho" title="Nippo Jisho">Vocabvlario da Lingoa
de Iapam</a>", a famous Japanese-Portuguese dictionary, was compiled and published
by Jesuit priests in Nagasaki. It contains short but clear definitions for about 20
words related to soyfoods – the first in any European language.
The Luso-Hispanic traders were familiar with soybeans and soybean product
through their trade with Far East since at least the 17th century. However, it was
not until the late 19th century that the first attempt to cultivate soybeans in the
Iberian peninsula was undertaken. In 1880, the soybean was first cultivated in
Portugal in the <a href="/wiki/Botanical_Garden_of_the_University_of_Coimbra"
title="Botanical Garden of the University of Coimbra">Botanical Gardens at
Coimbra</a> (Crespi 1935).
In about 1910 in Spain the first attempts at Soybean cultivation were made
by the Count of San Bernardo, who cultivated soybeans on his estates at Almillo (in
southwest Spain) about 48 miles east-northeast of Seville.
<h3>North Americaedit</a>Soybeans were first introduced to North America from China in 1765, by <a
href="/wiki/Samuel_Bowen" title="Samuel Bowen">Samuel Bowen</a>, a former <a
href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a>
sailor who had visited China in conjunction with <a
href="/wiki/James_Flint_(merchant)" title="James Flint (merchant)">James Flint</a>,
the first Englishman legally permitted by the Chinese authorities to learn
Chinese.<a href="#cite_note-
84">[84]</a> The first "New World" soybean crop was grown on <a
href="/wiki/Skidaway_Island,_Georgia" title="Skidaway Island, Georgia">Skidaway
Island, Georgia</a> in 1765 by Henry Yonge from seeds given him by Samuel
Bowen.<a href="#cite_note-
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Bowen grew soy
near <a href="/wiki/Savannah,_Georgia" title="Savannah, Georgia">Savannah,
Georgia</a>, possibly using funds from Flint, and made soy sauce for sale to
England.<a
href="#cite_note-Coastalfields_Press-88">[88]</a> Although soybean
was introduced into North America in 1765, for the next 155 years, the crop was
grown primarily for <a href="/wiki/Forage" title="Forage">forage</a>.In 1831, the first soy product "a few dozen India Soy" [sauce] arrived in
Canada. Soybeans were probably first cultivated in Canada by 1855, and definitely
in 1895 at Ontario Agricultural College.<a
It was not until <a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Mendel" title="Lafayette
Mendel">Lafayette Mendel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Burr_Osborne_(chemist)"
title="Thomas Burr Osborne (chemist)">Thomas Burr Osborne</a> showed that the
nutritional value of soybean seeds could be increased by cooking, moisture or heat,
that soy went from a farm animal feed to a human food.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a>
William Morse is considered the "father" of modern soybean agriculture in
America. He and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Piper" title="Charles Piper">Charles
Piper</a> (Dr. C. V. Piper) took what was an unknown Oriental peasant crop in 1910
and transformed it into a "golden bean" for America becoming one of America's
largest farm crops and its most nutritious.
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:442px;"><a
href="/wiki/File:Soybeans_2020_US_map.pdf" class="image"><img alt="Soybeans 2020 US
map.pdf"
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Soybeans_2020_US_map.pdf/p
age1-440px-Soybeans_2020_US_map.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="440" height="340"
class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Soybeans_2020_US_map.pd
f/page1-660px-Soybeans_2020_US_map.pdf.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Soybeans_2020_US_map.pdf/page1-
880px-Soybeans_2020_US_map.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1650" data-file-
href="/wiki/File:Soybeans_2020_US_map.pdf" class="internal"
title="Enlarge"></a></div></div></div></div>
Prior to the 1920 in the US, the soybean was mainly a <a href="/wiki/Forage"
title="Forage">forage</a> crop, a source of oil, meal (for feed) and industrial
products, with very little used as food. However, it took on an important role
after World War I. During the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great
Depression">Great Depression</a>, the drought-stricken (<a href="/wiki/Dust_Bowl"
title="Dust Bowl">Dust Bowl</a>) regions of the United States were able to use soy
to regenerate their soil because of its nitrogen-fixing properties. Farms were
increasing production to meet with government demands, and <a
href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Henry Ford</a> became a promoter of
soybeans.<a href="#cite_note-:3-
96">[96]</a> In 1931, Ford hired chemists <a
href="/wiki/Robert_Boyer_(chemist)" title="Robert Boyer (chemist)">Robert Boyer</a>
and Frank Calvert to produce <a href="/wiki/Artificial_silk" class="mw-redirect"
title="Artificial silk">artificial silk</a>. They succeeded in making a textile
fiber of spun soy protein fibers, hardened or tanned in a <a
href="/wiki/Formaldehyde" title="Formaldehyde">formaldehyde</a> bath, which was
given the name <a href="/wiki/Azlon" title="Azlon">Azlon</a>. It never reached the
commercial market. Soybean oil was used by <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company"
title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a> in <a href="/wiki/Soy_paint" title="Soy
paint">paint</a> for the automobiles,<a href="#cite_note-Schwarcz-97">[97]</a> as well
as a fluid for shock absorbers.
Tofu was introduced in Japanese American internment camps during World War
II, and gradually spread into the mainstream cuisine. New varieties were developed
to improve the blandness of soybean oil. The Counterculture in the San Francisco
region popularize soy foods. Although practically unseen in 1900, by 2000 they
covered upward of 70 million acres, second only to corn, and it became America's
largest cash crop.<a href="#cite_note-
98">[98]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources"
title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]

<h3>Caribbean and West
Indiesedit</a>]</h3>
The soybean arrived in the Caribbean in the form of soy sauce made by Samuel
Bowen in Savannah, Georgia, in 1767. It remains only a minor crop there, but its
uses for human food are growing steadily.<a

<h3>Mediterranean
areaedit</a>]</h3>
The soybean was first cultivated in Italy by 1760 in the Botanical Garden of
Turin. During the 1780s, it was grown in at least three other botanical gardens in
Italy.<a href="#cite_note-
100">[100]</a> The first soybean product, soy oil, arrived in <a
href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> during 1909 under <a
href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>.[101]</a> The first clear cultivation occurred in 1931.[101]</a> This was also the first time that soybeans were
cultivated in Middle East.<a
href="#cite_note-:2-101">[101]</a> By 1939, soybeans were cultivated
in Greece.<a href="#cite_note-

<h3>Australiaedit</a>]</h3>
Wild soybeans were discovered in northeastern Australia in 1770 by explorers
Banks and Solander. In 1804, the first soyfood product ("Fine India Soy" [sauce])
was sold in Sydney. In 1879, the first domesticated soybeans arrived in Australia,
a gift of the Minister of the Interior Department, Japan.
<h3>Western Europeedit</a>The soybean was first cultivated in France by 1779 (and perhaps as early as
1740). The two key early people and organizations introducing the soybean to France
were the Society of Acclimatization (starting in 1855) and Li Yu-ying (from 1910).
Li started a large tofu factory, where the first commercial soyfoods in France were
made.<a href="#cite_note-
105">[105]</a>

<h3>Africaedit</a>]</h3>
The soybean first arrived in Africa via Egypt in 1857.
<h3>Central Europeedit</a>In 1873, Professor <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_J._Haberlandt" title="Friedrich J.
Haberlandt">Friedrich J. Haberlandt</a> first became interested in soybeans when he
obtained the seeds of 19 soybean varieties at the <a
href="/wiki/Vienna_World_Exposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Vienna World
Exposition">Vienna World Exposition</a> (Wiener Weltausstellung). He cultivated
these seeds in Vienna, and soon began to distribute them throughout Central and
Western Europe. In 1875, he first grew the soybeans in Vienna, then in early 1876
he sent samples of seeds to seven cooperators in central Europe, who planted and
tested the seeds in the spring of 1876, with good or fairly good results in each
case.<a href="#cite_note-
shurtleff-107">[107]</a> Most of the farmers who received seeds from
him cultivated them, then reported their results. Starting in February 1876, he
published these results first in various journal articles, and finally in his
magnum opus, Die Sojabohne (The Soybean) in 1878.<a href="#cite_note-shurtleff-
107">[107]</a> In northern Europe, <a href="/wiki/Lupin" class="mw-
redirect" title="Lupin">lupin</a> (lupine) is known as the "soybean of the
north".<a href="#cite_note-
108">[108]</a>

<h3>Central Asiaedit</a>]</h3>
The soybean is first in cultivated Transcaucasia in Central Asia in 1876, by the
Dungans. This region has never been important for soybean production.[109]</a>

<h3>Central Americaedit</a>The first reliable reference to the soybean in this region dates from Mexico in
1877.<a href="#cite_note-book-
128-110">[110]</a>

<h3>South Americaedit</a>The soybean first arrived in South America in Argentina in 1882.[111]</a>
Andrew McClung showed in the early 1950s that with soil amendments the <a
href="/wiki/Cerrado" title="Cerrado">Cerrado</a> region of Brazil would grow
soybeans.<a href="#cite_note-
112">[112]</a> In June 1973, when soybean futures markets mistakenly
portended a major shortage, the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Richard_Nixon"
title="Presidency of Richard Nixon">Nixon administration</a> imposed an embargo on
soybean exports. It lasted only a week, but Japanese buyers felt that they could
not rely on U.S. supplies, and the rival Brazilian soybean industry came into
existence.<a href="#cite_note-
113">[113]</a><a
href="#cite_note-:3-96">[96]</a> The march of soybeans into
deforested areas of the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_rain_forest" class="mw-redirect"
title="Amazon rain forest">Amazon rain forest</a> would come later.<a href="#cite_note-
vqronline.org-54">[54]</a>

<h2>Genetic
modificationedit</a>]</h2>
href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_soybean" title="Genetically modified
soybean">Genetically modified soybean</a></div>
href="/wiki/File:Multicolor_soybeans_in_Hale_Township.jpg" class="image"><img
alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Multicolor_soybeans_in_Hal
e_Township.jpg/220px-Multicolor_soybeans_in_Hale_Township.jpg" decoding="async"
width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Multicolor_soybeans_in_
Hale_Township.jpg/330px-Multicolor_soybeans_in_Hale_Township.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Multicolor_soybeans_in_Hale_Tow
nship.jpg/440px-Multicolor_soybeans_in_Hale_Township.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816"
data-file-height="2112" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a
href="/wiki/File:Multicolor_soybeans_in_Hale_Township.jpg" class="internal"
title="Enlarge"></a></div>Different varieties of soybeans being grown
together</div></div></div>
Soybeans are one of the "<a href="/wiki/Biotechnology"
title="Biotechnology">biotech</a> food" crops that have been <a
href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_food" title="Genetically modified
food">genetically modified</a>, and genetically modified soybeans are being used in
an increasing number of products. In 1995, <a href="/wiki/Monsanto"
title="Monsanto">Monsanto</a> company introduced <a
href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_crops" title="Genetically modified
crops">glyphosate-tolerant</a> soybeans that have been genetically modified to be
resistant to Monsanto's <a href="/wiki/Glyphosate"
title="Glyphosate">glyphosate</a> herbicides through substitution of the <a
href="/wiki/Agrobacterium" title="Agrobacterium">Agrobacterium</a> sp. (strain
CP4) <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">gene</a> EPSP (5-enolpyruvyl shikimic acid-
3-phosphate) synthase. The substituted version is not sensitive to <a
href="/wiki/Glyphosate" title="Glyphosate">glyphosate</a>.In 1997, about 8% of all soybeans cultivated for the commercial market in
the United States were genetically modified. In 2010, the figure was 93%.[115]</a> As with other glyphosate-tolerant crops, concern is
expressed over damage to <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity"
title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a>.<a
href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> A 2003 study<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> concluded the
"Roundup Ready" (RR) gene had been bred into so many different soybean cultivars,
there had been little decline in genetic diversity, but "diversity was limited
among elite lines from some companies".
The widespread use of such types of GM soybeans in the Americas has caused
problems with exports to some regions. GM crops require extensive certification
before they can be legally imported into the <a href="/wiki/European_Union"
title="European Union">European Union</a>, where there is considerable supplier and
consumer reluctance to use GM products for consumer or animal use. Difficulties
with <a href="/wiki/Co-
existence_of_genetically_modified_and_conventional_crops_and_derived_food_and_feed"
class="mw-redirect" title="Co-existence of genetically modified and conventional
crops and derived food and feed">coexistence</a> and subsequent traces of cross-
contamination of non-GM stocks have caused shipments to be rejected and have put a
premium on non-GM soy.<a href="#cite_note-
118">[118]</a>
A 2006 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United
States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a>
report found the adoption of genetically engineered (GE) soy, corn and cotton
reduced the amount of pesticides used overall, but did result in a slightly greater
amount of <a href="/wiki/Herbicide" title="Herbicide">herbicides</a> used for soy
specifically. The use of GE soy was also associated with greater <a href="/wiki/No-
till_farming" title="No-till farming">conservation tillage</a>, indirectly leading
to better soil conservation, as well as increased income from off-farming sources
due to the greater ease with which the crops can be managed. Though the overall
estimated benefits of the adoption of GE soybeans in the United States was
$310 million, the majority of this benefit was experienced by the companies
selling the seeds (40%), followed by biotechnology firms (28%) and farmers
(20%).<a href="#cite_note-
119">[119]</a> The patent on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glyphosate-
tolerant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glyphosate-tolerant
(page does not exist)">glyphosate-tolerant</a> soybeans expired in 2014,[120]</a> so benefits can be expected to shift.[121]</a>
In 2010, a team of American scientists announced they had sequenced the
soybean genome—the first legume to be sequenced.<a href="#cite_note-Nature-5297531-

<h2>Usesedit</a>]</h2>
href="/wiki/File:TofuWithSoySauceAndCarrot.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/TofuWithSoySauceAndCarrot.
jpg/220px-TofuWithSoySauceAndCarrot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="210"
class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/TofuWithSoySauceAndCarr
ot.jpg/330px-TofuWithSoySauceAndCarrot.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/TofuWithSoySauceAndCarrot.jpg/4
40px-TofuWithSoySauceAndCarrot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="723" data-file-height="689"
/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a
href="/wiki/File:TofuWithSoySauceAndCarrot.jpg" class="internal"
title="Enlarge"></a></div>Tofu and soy sauce</div></div></div>
Among the legumes, the soybean is valued for its high (38–45%) <a
href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> content as well as its high
(approximately 20%) oil content. Soybeans are the most valuable agricultural export
of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-
124">[124]</a> Approximately 85% of the world's soybean crop is
processed into soybean meal and soybean oil, the remainder processed in other ways
or eaten whole.<a href="#cite_note-
125">[125]</a>
Soybeans can be broadly classified as "vegetable" (garden) or field (oil)
types. Vegetable types cook more easily, have a mild, nutty flavor, better texture,
are larger in size, higher in protein, and lower in oil than field types. <a
href="/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu">Tofu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soy_milk" title="Soy
milk">soy milk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">soy sauce</a>
are among the top edible commodities made using soybeans. Producers prefer the
higher protein cultivars bred from vegetable soybeans originally brought to the
United States in the late 1930s. The "garden" cultivars are generally not suitable
for mechanical combine harvesting because there is a tendency for the pods to
shatter upon reaching maturity.

<h3>Soybean oiledit</a>]</h3>
href="/wiki/Soybean_oil" title="Soybean oil">Soybean oil</a></div>
Soybean seed contains 18–19% oil.<a href="#cite_note-:0-126">[126]</a> To extract
soybean oil from seed, the soybeans are cracked, adjusted for moisture content,
rolled into flakes and solvent-extracted with commercial hexane. The oil is then
refined, blended for different applications, and sometimes hydrogenated. Soybean
oils, both liquid and partially hydrogenated, are exported abroad, sold as
"vegetable oil", or end up in a wide variety of processed foods.

<h3>Soybean mealedit</a>]</h3>
href="/wiki/Soybean_meal" title="Soybean meal">Soybean meal</a></div>
Soybean meal, or soymeal, is the material remaining after solvent extraction of
oil from soybean flakes, with a 50% <a href="/wiki/Soy_protein" title="Soy
protein">soy protein</a> content. The meal is 'toasted' (a <a href="/wiki/Misnomer"
title="Misnomer">misnomer</a> because the heat treatment is with moist steam) and
ground in a <a href="/wiki/Hammer_mill" title="Hammer mill">hammer mill</a>.
Ninety-seven percent of soybean meal production globally is used as livestock
feed.<a href="#cite_note-:0-
126">[126]</a> Soybean meal is also used in some <a
href="/wiki/Dog_food" title="Dog food">dog foods</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lusas-127">[127]</a>

<h3>Livestock feededit</a>One of the major uses of soybeans globally is as livestock feed, predominantly
in the form of soybean meal. In the European Union, for example, though it does not
make up most of the weight of livestock <a href="/wiki/Animal_feed" title="Animal
feed">feed</a>, soybean meal provides around 60% of the protein fed to
livestock.<a href="#cite_note-
128">[128]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vernal_grass" class="mw-redirect"
title="Vernal grass">Spring grasses</a> are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, whereas
soy is predominantly omega-6. The soybean hulls, which mainly consist of the outer
coats of the beans removed before oil extraction, can also be fed to livestock, as
well as whole soybean seeds after processing.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a>[130]</a>

<h3>Food for human
consumptionedit</a>]</h3>
href="/wiki/File:Tempeh_003.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Tempeh_003.jpg/220px-
Tempeh_003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Tempeh_003.jpg/330px-
Tempeh_003.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Tempeh_003.jpg/440px-
Tempeh_003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a> <div
class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Tempeh_003.jpg"
class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Tempeh"
title="Tempeh">Tempeh</a>, fermented soybean cake</div></div></div>
In addition to their use in livestock feed, soybean products are widely used for
human consumption. Common soybean products include <a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce"
title="Soy sauce">soy sauce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soy_milk" title="Soy milk">soy
milk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu">tofu</a>, <a href="#Meal">soy meal</a>,
<a href="#Flour">soy flour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Textured_vegetable_protein"
title="Textured vegetable protein">textured vegetable protein</a> (TVP), <a
href="/wiki/Tempeh" title="Tempeh">tempeh</a>, soy <a href="/wiki/Lecithin"
title="Lecithin">lecithin</a> and <a href="#Oil">soybean oil</a>. Soybeans may also
be eaten with minimal processing, for example in the Japanese food <a
href="/wiki/Edamame" title="Edamame">edamame</a> (枝豆, edamame), in which immature
soybeans are boiled whole in their pods and served with <a href="/wiki/Edible_salt"
class="mw-redirect" title="Edible salt">salt</a>.

href="/wiki/File:Aesthetic_meal_maker_of_Salem.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Aesthetic_meal_maker_of_Sa
lem.jpg/220px-Aesthetic_meal_maker_of_Salem.jpg" decoding="async" width="220"
height="124" class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Aesthetic_meal_maker_of
_Salem.jpg/330px-Aesthetic_meal_maker_of_Salem.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Aesthetic_meal_maker_of_Salem.j
pg/440px-Aesthetic_meal_maker_of_Salem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4208" data-file-
href="/wiki/File:Aesthetic_meal_maker_of_Salem.jpg" class="internal"
title="Enlarge"></a></div>Soy chunks</div></div></div>
In China, Japan, and <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>, soybean and
soybean products are a common part of the diet. <a href="/wiki/Tofu"
title="Tofu">Tofu</a> (豆腐 dòufu) is thought to have originated in China,
along with <a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">soy sauce</a> and several
varieties of <a href="/wiki/Soybean_paste" class="mw-redirect" title="Soybean
paste">soybean paste</a> used as seasonings.[<a
href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation
needed</a>] Japanese foods made from soya include <a
href="/wiki/Miso" title="Miso">miso</a> (味噌), <a href="/wiki/Natt%C5%8D"
title="Nattō">nattō</a> (納豆), <a href="/wiki/Kinako"
title="Kinako">kinako</a> (黄粉) and <a href="/wiki/Edamame"
title="Edamame">edamame</a> (枝豆), as well as products made with tofu such as
<a href="/wiki/Atsuage" class="mw-redirect" title="Atsuage">atsuage</a> and <a
href="/wiki/Aburaage" class="mw-redirect" title="Aburaage">aburaage</a>. In China,
whole dried soybeans are sold in supermarkets and used to cook a variety of dishes,
usually after rehydration by soaking in water; they find their use in soup or as a
savory dish. In <a href="/wiki/Korean_cuisine" title="Korean cuisine">Korean
cuisine</a>, soybean sprouts (<a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%A9%EB
%82%98%EB%AC%BC" class="extiw" title="ko:콩나물">콩나물</a> <a
href="/wiki/Kongnamul" class="mw-redirect" title="Kongnamul">kongnamul</a>) are
used in a variety of dishes, and are the base ingredient in <a
href="/wiki/Doenjang" title="Doenjang">doenjang</a>, <a
href="/wiki/Cheonggukjang" title="Cheonggukjang">cheonggukjang</a> and <a
href="/wiki/Kanjang" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanjang">ganjang</a>. In
Vietnam, soybeans are used to make soybean paste (<a href="/wiki/T
%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Tương">tương</a>) in the North with the most popular
products are tương Bần, tương Nam Đàn, tương Cự Đà as a
garnish for <a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BB%9F" class="mw-redirect"
title="Phở">phở</a> and <a href="/wiki/G%E1%BB%8Fi_cu%E1%BB%91n" title="Gỏi
cuốn">gỏi cuốn</a> dishes, as well as tofu (đậu hũ or đậu phụ or
tàu hũ), soy sauce (nước tương), soy milk (nước đậu in the
North or sữa đậu nành in the South), and đậu hũ nước đường (tofu
sweet soup).

<h4>Flouredit</a>]</h4>
<table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox"
style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="mbox-image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-
logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-
Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-
logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-
height="1376" /></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a
href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Soy_powder" class="extiw"
title="commons:Category:Soy powder">Soybean
flour</a>.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
href="/wiki/File:JapaneseSoybeanMeat.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/JapaneseSoybeanMeat.jpg/22
0px-JapaneseSoybeanMeat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162"
class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/JapaneseSoybeanMeat.jpg
/330px-JapaneseSoybeanMeat.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/JapaneseSoybeanMeat.jpg/440px-
JapaneseSoybeanMeat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1474" /></a>
href="/wiki/File:JapaneseSoybeanMeat.jpg" class="internal"
title="Enlarge"></a></div>Japanese soybean meat</div></div></div>
Soy flour refers to soybeans ground finely enough to pass through a 100-mesh or
smaller screen where special care was taken during desolventizing (not toasted) to
minimize <a href="/wiki/Denaturation_(biochemistry)" title="Denaturation
(biochemistry)">denaturation</a> of the protein to retain a high <a
href="/wiki/Protein_dispersibility_index" title="Protein dispersibility
index">protein dispersibility index</a>, for uses such as <a
href="/wiki/Food_extrusion" title="Food extrusion">food extrusion</a> of <a
vegetable protein</a>. It is the starting material for production of soy
concentrate and soy protein isolate.
Soy flour can also be made by roasting the soybean, removing the coat
(hull), and grinding into a flour. Soy flour is manufactured with different fat
levels.<a
href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELim2012637-131">[131]</a> Alternatively,
raw soy flour omits the roasting step.

<ul><li>Defatted soy flour is obtained from <a href="/wiki/Solvent"
title="Solvent">solvent</a> <a href="/wiki/Extraction_(chemistry)"
title="Extraction (chemistry)">extracted</a> flakes, and contains less than 1%
oil.<a
href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELim2012637-131">[131]</a></li>
<li>"Natural or full-fat soy flour is made from unextracted, dehulled beans, and
contains about 18% to 20% oil."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELim2012637-
131">[131]</a> Its high oil content requires the use of a specialized
Alpine Fine Impact Mill to grind rather than the usual <a href="/wiki/Hammer_mill"
title="Hammer mill">hammer mill</a>. Full-fat soy flour has a lower protein
concentration than defatted flour. Extruded Full-Fat soy flour, ground in an Alpine
mill, can replace/extend EGGS in baking and cooking[133]</a> Full-fat soy flour is a component of the famous
Cornell Bread recipe (think pizza)<a
136">[136]</a></li>
<li>Low-fat soy flour is made by adding some oil back into defatted soy flour. Fat
levels range from 4.5% to 9%.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELim2012637-
131">[131]</a></li>
<li>High-fat soy flour can also be produced by adding back soybean oil to defatted
flour, usually at the level of 15%.<a
href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a></li></ul>
<a href="/wiki/Soy_lecithin" class="mw-redirect" title="Soy lecithin">Soy
lecithin</a> can be added (up to 15%) to soy flour to make lecithinated soy flour.
It increases dispersibility and gives it emulsifying properties.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELim2012637-
131">[131]</a>
Soy flour has 50% protein and 5% fiber. It has higher levels of protein,
thiamine, riboflavin, phosphorus, calcium, and iron than <a
href="/wiki/Wheat_flour" title="Wheat flour">wheat flour</a>. It does not contain
<a href="/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten">gluten</a>.[131]</a> As a result, <a href="/wiki/Yeast"
title="Yeast">yeast</a>-raised <a href="/wiki/Bread" title="Bread">breads</a> made
with soy flour are dense in texture. Among many uses, soy flour thickens sauces,
prevents <a href="/wiki/Staling" title="Staling">staling</a> in baked food, and
reduces oil absorption during frying. Baking food with soy flour gives it
tenderness, moistness, a rich color, and a fine texture.[131]</a>
Soy grits are similar to soy flour except the soybeans have been toasted and
cracked into coarse pieces.
<a href="/wiki/Kinako" title="Kinako">Kinako</a> is a soy flour used
in <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Japanese cuisine</a>.
Section reference: <a
href="#CITEREFSmithCircle1972">Smith & Circle (1972</a>, p. 442) harvtxt error: no
target: CITEREFSmithCircle1972 (<a
href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn
template errors">help</a>)

<h4>Soy-based infant
formulaedit</a>Soy-based <a href="/wiki/Infant_formula" title="Infant formula">infant
formula</a> (SBIF) is sometimes given to infants who are not being strictly
breastfed; it can be useful for infants who are either allergic to pasteurized cow
milk proteins or who are being fed a <a href="/wiki/Veganism"
title="Veganism">vegan</a> diet. It is sold in powdered, ready-to-feed, and
concentrated liquid forms.
Some reviews have expressed the opinion that more research is needed to
determine what effect the phytoestrogens in soybeans may have on infants.[138]</a> Diverse studies have concluded there are no adverse
effects in human growth, development, or reproduction as a result of the
consumption of soy-based infant formula.<a
id="cite_ref-Nutri_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nutri-
141">[141]</a> One of these studies, published in the <a
href="/wiki/Journal_of_Nutrition" title="Journal of Nutrition">Journal of
Nutrition</a>,<a
href="#cite_note-Nutri-141">[141]</a> concludes that there are:

<blockquote>... no clinical concerns with respect to nutritional adequacy,
sexual development, neurobehavioral development, immune development, or thyroid
disease. SBIFs provide complete nutrition that adequately supports normal infant
growth and development. FDA has accepted SBIFs as safe for use as the sole source
of nutrition.</blockquote>
<h4>Meat
and dairy alternatives and extenders[<a href="/w/index.php?
title=Soybean&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Meat and dairy
alternatives and extenders">edit</a><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Chives_Cream_Sheese.jpg/22
0px-Chives_Cream_Sheese.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219"
class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Chives_Cream_Sheese.jpg
/330px-Chives_Cream_Sheese.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Chives_Cream_Sheese.jpg/440px-
Chives_Cream_Sheese.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="637" /></a>
href="/wiki/File:Chives_Cream_Sheese.jpg" class="internal"
title="Enlarge"></a></div>Open package of a soy-based cream cheese alternative with
chives</div></div></div>
Soybeans can be processed to produce a texture and appearance similar to many
other foods. For example, soybeans are the primary ingredient in many <a
href="/wiki/Dairy_product" title="Dairy product">dairy product</a> substitutes
(e.g., <a href="/wiki/Soy_milk" title="Soy milk">soy milk</a>, <a
href="/wiki/Margarine" title="Margarine">margarine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?
title=Soy_ice_cream&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soy ice cream
(page does not exist)">soy ice cream</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soy_yogurt" title="Soy
yogurt">soy yogurt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soy_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Soy
cheese">soy cheese</a>, and soy cream cheese) and meat alternatives (e.g. <a
href="/wiki/Veggie_burgers" class="mw-redirect" title="Veggie burgers">veggie
burgers</a>). These substitutes are readily available in most supermarkets. Soy
milk does not naturally contain significant amounts of digestible <a
href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a>. Many manufacturers of soy milk
sell calcium-enriched products, as well.
Soy products also are used as a low-cost substitute in meat and poultry
products.<a href="#cite_note-
href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Food service, retail and
institutional (primarily school lunch and correctional) facilities regularly use
such "extended" products. Extension may result in diminished flavor, but fat and
cholesterol are reduced. Vitamin and mineral fortification can be used to make soy
products nutritionally equivalent to animal protein; the protein quality is already
roughly equivalent. The soy-based meat substitute <a
vegetable protein</a> has been used for more than 50 years as a way of
inexpensively extending <a href="/wiki/Ground_beef" title="Ground beef">ground
beef</a> without reducing its nutritional value.<a href="#cite_note-Riaz2006-4">[4]</a>
<h4>Soy nut butteredit</a>The soybean is used to make a product called soy <a href="/wiki/Nut_butter"
title="Nut butter">nut butter</a> which is similar in texture to peanut butter.[146]</a>

<h4>Sweetened soybeanedit</a>Sweet boiled beans are popular in Japan and Korea and the sweet boiled soybeans
are called as "Daizu no <a href="/w/index.php?
title=Nimame&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nimame (page does
not exist)">Nimame</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%85%AE%E8%B1%86"
class="extiw" title="ja:煮豆">ja</a>]" in Japan and Kongjorim (<a
href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: 
콩조림) in Korea. Sweet boiled beans are even used in sweetened buns,
especially in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mame_Pan&action=edit&redlink=1"
class="new" title="Mame Pan (page does not exist)">Mame Pan</a> [<a
href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B1%86%E3%83%91%E3%83%B3" class="extiw"
title="ja:豆パン">ja</a>].
The boiled and pasted edamame, called <a href="/w/index.php?
title=Zunda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zunda (page does not
exist)">Zunda</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%9A
%E3%82%93%E3%81%A0" class="extiw" title="ja:ずんだ">ja</a>], is used as
one of the <a href="/wiki/Sweet_bean_paste" title="Sweet bean paste">Sweet bean
pastes</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wagashi" title="Wagashi">Japanese confections</a>.

<h4>Coffee substituteedit</a>Roasted and ground soybeans can be used as a caffeine-free substitute for <a
href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a>. After the soybeans are roasted and
ground, they look similar to regular coffee beans or can be used as a powder
similar to instant coffee, with aroma and flavor of roasted soybeans.[147]</a>

<h3>Other productsedit</a>Soybeans with black hulls are used in Chinese fermented black beans, <a
href="/wiki/Douchi" title="Douchi">douchi</a>, not to be confused with <a
href="/wiki/Black_turtle_bean" title="Black turtle bean">black turtle beans</a>.
Soybeans are also used in industrial products, including oils, soap,
cosmetics, <a href="/wiki/Resin" title="Resin">resins</a>, plastics, inks, crayons,
<a href="/wiki/Solvent" title="Solvent">solvents</a>, and clothing. Soybean oil is
the primary source of <a href="/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel">biodiesel</a> in
the United States, accounting for 80% of domestic biodiesel production.[148]</a> Soybeans have also been used since 2001 as fermenting
stock in the manufacture of a brand of <a href="/wiki/Vodka"
title="Vodka">vodka</a>.<a
href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> In 1936, Ford Motor Company developed
a method where soybeans and fibers were rolled together producing a soup which was
then pressed into various parts for their cars, from the distributor cap to knobs
on the dash board. Ford also informed in public relation releases that in 1935 over
five million acres (20,000 km2) was dedicated to growing soybeans
in the United States.<a
href="#cite_note-PM_Apr_1936-150">[150]</a>

<h2>Healthedit</a>]</h2>
<h3>Canceredit</a>]</h3>
According to the <a href="/wiki/American_Cancer_Society" title="American Cancer
Society">American Cancer Society</a>, "There is growing evidence that eating
traditional soy foods such as tofu may lower the risk of cancers of the breast,
prostate, or endometrium (lining of the uterus), and there is some evidence it may
lower the risk of certain other cancers." There is insufficient research to
indicate whether taking soy <a href="/wiki/Dietary_supplement" title="Dietary
supplement">dietary supplements</a> has any effect on health or cancer risk.[151]</a> Reviews of preliminary clinical trials on people with
<a href="/wiki/Colorectal_cancer" title="Colorectal cancer">colorectal</a> or <a
href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_cancer" title="Gastrointestinal
cancer">gastrointestinal cancer</a> indicated a small lower risk by consuming soy
isoflavones.<a href="#cite_note-Yu-
152">[152]</a><a
href="#cite_note-Tse-153">[153]</a>

<h3>Phytochemicalsedit</a><a href="/wiki/Saponins" class="mw-redirect" title="Saponins">Saponins</a>, a
class of natural <a href="/wiki/Surfactants" class="mw-redirect"
title="Surfactants">surfactants</a> (soaps), are sterols present naturally in small
amounts in various <a href="/wiki/Whole_food" title="Whole food">plant foods</a>,
including soybeans, other <a href="/wiki/Legume" title="Legume">legumes</a>, and
cereals, such as oats.<a
href="#cite_note-Hu-154">[154]</a>
<h4>Isoflavonesedit</a>]</h4>
href="/wiki/Isoflavones" class="mw-redirect"
title="Isoflavones">Isoflavones</a></div>
Soy <a href="/wiki/Isoflavone" title="Isoflavone">isoflavones</a> are <a
href="/wiki/Polyphenol" title="Polyphenol">polyphenol</a> compounds, produced by
soybeans and other legumes, including peanuts and <a href="/wiki/Chickpea"
title="Chickpea">chickpeas</a>.<a
href="#cite_note-lpi-156">[156]</a> Isoflavones are closely related
to <a href="/wiki/Flavonoid" title="Flavonoid">flavonoids</a> found in other
plants, vegetables and flowers.<a
href="#cite_note-lpi-156">[156]</a>
Soybeans contain the isoflavones, <a href="/wiki/Genistein"
title="Genistein">genistein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daidzein"
title="Daidzein">daidzein</a>, which are <a href="/wiki/Phytoestrogen"
title="Phytoestrogen">phytoestrogen</a> compounds<a href="#cite_note-lpi-156">[156]</a> under
preliminary research in <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_diseases" class="mw-redirect"
title="Cardiovascular diseases">cardiovascular diseases</a><a href="#cite_note-cardio-
157">[157]</a> and numerous other diseases.<a href="#cite_note-lpi-156">[156]</a> As of
2013, no <a href="/wiki/Causality" title="Causality">cause-and-effect</a>
relationship has been shown in <a href="/wiki/Clinical_research" title="Clinical
research">clinical research</a> to indicate that soy isoflavones lower the risk of
cardiovascular diseases<a
href="#cite_note-cardio-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> or <a
href="/wiki/Respiratory_infection" class="mw-redirect" title="Respiratory
infection">respiratory infections</a>.<a href="#cite_note-efsa-159">[159]</a>. Research
reported by the <a href="/wiki/American_Psychological_Association" title="American
Psychological Association">American Psychological Association</a> found that a
soybean diet rich in isoflavones increased anxiety in male rats while having
anxiolytic effects in female rats. <a href="#cite_note-anx-160">[160]</a>

<h3>Soy protein,
cholesterol and heart diseases[<a href="/w/index.php?
title=Soybean&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Soy protein,
cholesterol and heart diseases">edit</a>The <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug
Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA) granted the following health
claim for soy: "25 grams of soy protein a day, as part of a diet low in saturated
fat and cholesterol, may reduce the risk of <a href="/wiki/Heart_disease"
class="mw-redirect" title="Heart disease">heart disease</a>."<a href="#cite_note-fda-chd-25">[25]</a>
One serving, (1 cup or 240 mL) of soy milk, for instance, contains 6 or
7 grams of soy protein.
An <a href="/wiki/American_Heart_Association" title="American Heart
Association">American Heart Association</a> (AHA) review of a decade long study of
soy protein benefits did not recommend isoflavone supplementation. The review panel
also found that soy isoflavones have not been shown to reduce post-menopausal "hot
flashes" and the efficacy and safety of isoflavones to help prevent cancers of the
breast, uterus or prostate is in question. AHA concluded that "many soy products
should be beneficial to cardiovascular and overall health because of their high
content of polyunsaturated fats, fiber, vitamins, and minerals and low content of
saturated fat".<a
href="#cite_note-cardio-157">[157]</a> Other studies found that soy
protein consumption could lower <a href="/wiki/Low-density_lipoprotein" title="Low-
density lipoprotein">LDL</a>.<a

<h3>Phytic acidedit</a>]</h3>
href="/wiki/Phytic_acid" title="Phytic acid">Phytic acid</a></div>
Soybeans contain a high level of <a href="/wiki/Phytic_acid" title="Phytic
acid">phytic acid</a>, which has many effects including acting as an antioxidant
and a <a href="/wiki/Chelation" title="Chelation">chelating agent</a>. The
beneficial claims for phytic acid include reducing cancer,<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> minimizing
diabetes,<a href="#cite_note-
164">[164]</a> and reducing inflammation.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> However, phytic
acid is also criticized for reducing vital minerals absorption due to its chelating
effect, especially for diets already low in minerals.
<h2>Health impactedit</a>Allergyedit</a>]</h3>
href="/wiki/Soy_allergy" title="Soy allergy">Soy allergy</a></div>
Allergy to soy is common, and the food is listed with other foods that commonly
cause allergy, such as milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish. The problem has
been reported among younger children, and the diagnosis of soy allergy is often
based on symptoms reported by parents and results of skin tests or blood tests for
allergy. Only a few reported studies have attempted to confirm allergy to soy by
direct challenge with the food under controlled conditions.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> It is very
difficult to give a reliable estimate of the true prevalence of soy allergy in the
general population. To the extent that it does exist, soy allergy may cause cases
of <a href="/wiki/Urticaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Urticaria">urticaria</a>
and <a href="/wiki/Angioedema" title="Angioedema">angioedema</a>, usually within
minutes to hours of ingestion. In rare cases, true <a href="/wiki/Anaphylaxis"
title="Anaphylaxis">anaphylaxis</a> may also occur. The reason for the discrepancy
is likely that soy proteins, the causative factor in <a href="/wiki/Allergy"
title="Allergy">allergy</a>, are far less potent at triggering allergy symptoms
than the proteins of peanut and shellfish.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> An allergy test
that is positive demonstrates that the immune system has formed IgE antibodies to
soy proteins. However, this is only a factor when soy proteins reach the blood
without being digested, in sufficient quantities to reach a threshold to provoke
actual symptoms.
Soy can also trigger symptoms via <a href="/wiki/Food_intolerance"
title="Food intolerance">food intolerance</a>, a situation where no allergic
mechanism can be proven. One scenario is seen in very young infants who have
vomiting and <a href="/wiki/Diarrhea" title="Diarrhea">diarrhoea</a> when fed soy-
based formula, which resolves when the formula is withdrawn. Older infants can
suffer a more severe disorder with vomiting, diarrhoea that may be bloody, <a
href="/wiki/Anemia" title="Anemia">anemia</a>, weight loss and failure to thrive.
The most common cause of this unusual disorder is a sensitivity to cow's milk, but
soy formulas can also be the trigger. The precise mechanism is unclear and it could
be immunologic, although not through the IgE-type antibodies that have the leading
role in urticaria and anaphylaxis. However, it is also self-limiting and will often
disappear in the <a href="/wiki/Toddler" title="Toddler">toddler</a> years.[169]</a>

<h3>Phytoestrogensedit</a>Phytoestrogens</a></div>
Soybeans contain <a href="/wiki/Isoflavones" class="mw-redirect"
title="Isoflavones">isoflavones</a> called <a href="/wiki/Genistein"
title="Genistein">genistein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daidzein"
title="Daidzein">daidzein</a>, which are one source of phytoestrogens in the human
diet. Because most naturally occurring phytoestrogens act as <a
href="/wiki/Selective_estrogen_receptor_modulators" class="mw-redirect"
title="Selective estrogen receptor modulators">selective estrogen receptor
modulators</a>, or SERMs, which do not necessarily act as direct agonists of
estrogen receptors, normal consumption of foods that contain these phytoestrogens
should not provide sufficient amounts to elicit a physiological response in
humans.<a href="#cite_note-
pmid11352776-170">[170]</a>Plant <a href="/wiki/Lignans" class="mw-redirect"
title="Lignans">lignans</a> associated with high fiber foods such as cereal brans
and beans are the principal precursor to mammalian lignans which have an ability to
bind to human estrogen sites. Soybeans are a significant source of mammalian lignan
precursor <a href="/wiki/Secoisolariciresinol"
title="Secoisolariciresinol">secoisolariciresinol</a> containing 13–
273 µg/100 g dry weight.<a
href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> Another phytoestrogen in the human
diet with estrogen activity is <a href="/wiki/Coumestans" class="mw-redirect"
title="Coumestans">coumestans</a>, which are found in beans, split-peas, with the
best sources being alfalfa, clover, and soybean sprouts. <a href="/wiki/Coumestrol"
title="Coumestrol">Coumestrol</a>, an isoflavone <a href="/wiki/Coumarin"
title="Coumarin">coumarin</a> derivative, is the only coumestan in foods.Soybeans and processed soy foods are among the richest foods in total
phytoestrogens (wet basis per 100 g), which are present primarily in the form
of the isoflavones daidzein and genistein.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> Human breast
milk-containing or cow milk formula-containing diets provide 0.005–0.01 mg of
isoflavone per day, while soy-based infant formulas provide 6–47 mg of
isoflavone daily. This intake is several orders of magnitude greater than those
provided by other nutrients.<a href="#cite_note-Napier,_India_D._2014-
176">[176]</a>

<h3>Breast canceredit</a>Although considerable research has examined the potential for soy consumption to
lower the risk of <a href="/wiki/Breast_cancer" title="Breast cancer">breast
cancer</a> in women, there is insufficient population evidence to make a conclusion
about this relationship, as of 2016.<a href="#cite_note-lpi-156">[156]</a> A 2011 <a
href="/wiki/Meta-analysis" title="Meta-analysis">meta-analysis</a> stated: "Our
study suggests soy isoflavones intake is associated with a significant reduced risk
of breast cancer incidence in Asian populations, but not in Western
populations."<a href="#cite_note-
177">[177]</a>

<h3>Prostate canceredit</a>A 2016 review concluded that "current evidence from <a
href="/wiki/Observational_study" title="Observational study">observational
studies</a> and small clinical trials is not robust enough to understand whether
soy protein or isoflavone supplements may help prevent or inhibit the progression
of prostate cancer."<a
href="#cite_note-lpi-156">[156]</a> A 2010 review showed that neither
soy foods nor isoflavone supplements alter measures of bioavailable <a
href="/wiki/Testosterone" title="Testosterone">testosterone</a> or <a
href="/wiki/Estrogen" title="Estrogen">estrogen</a> concentrations in men.[178]</a> Soy consumption has been shown to have no effect on
the levels and quality of <a href="/wiki/Sperm" title="Sperm">sperm</a>.[179]</a> <a href="/wiki/Meta-analysis" title="Meta-
analysis">Meta-analyses</a> on the association between soy consumption and prostate
cancer risk in men concluded that dietary soy may lower the risk of prostate
cancer.<a href="#cite_note-
180">[180]</a><a
href="#cite_note-vandie-181">[181]</a>

<h3>Canceredit</a>]</h3>
Rigorous dietary <a href="/wiki/Clinical_research" title="Clinical
research">clinical research</a> in people with cancer is inconclusive, as of
2018.<a href="#cite_note-lpi-
156">[156]</a><a
href="#cite_note-Yu-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tse-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-acs-
182">[182]</a><a
href="#cite_note-vandie-181">[181]</a>

<h3>Thyroid functionedit</a>One review noted that soy based foods may inhibit absorption of thyroid hormone
medications required for treatment of <a href="/wiki/Hypothyroidism"
title="Hypothyroidism">hypothyroidism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> A 2015
scientific review by the <a href="/wiki/European_Food_Safety_Authority"
title="European Food Safety Authority">European Food Safety Authority</a> concluded
that intake of isoflavones from supplements did not affect thyroid hormone levels
in <a href="/wiki/Postmenopausal" class="mw-redirect"
title="Postmenopausal">postmenopausal</a> women.
<h2>Futuresedit</a>]</h2>
Soybean <a href="/wiki/Futures_contract" title="Futures contract">futures</a>
are traded on the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Board_of_Trade" title="Chicago Board of
Trade">Chicago Board of Trade</a> and have delivery dates in January (F), March
(H), May (K), July (N), August (Q), September (U), November (X).
They are also traded on other commodity futures exchanges under different
contract specifications:

<ul><li>SAFEX: <a href="/wiki/The_South_African_Futures_Exchange" class="mw-
redirect" title="The South African Futures Exchange">The South African Futures
Exchange</a><a href="#cite_note-
185">[185]</a></li>
<li>DC: <a href="/wiki/Dalian_Commodity_Exchange" title="Dalian Commodity
Exchange">Dalian Commodity Exchange</a><a
href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a></li>
<li>KEX: <a href="/wiki/Kansai_Commodities_Exchange" title="Kansai Commodities
Exchange">Kansai Commodities Exchange</a> in Japan<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a></li>
<li>TGE: Tokyo Grain Exchange in Japan<a
href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a></li>
<li>KCX: Fukuoka Commodity Exchange in Japan that was absorbed by the KEX</li>
<li>NCDEX: National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange, India.</li>
<li>ROFEX: Rosario Grain Exchange in Argentina</li></ul>
<h2>See alsoedit</a>]</h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r936637989">.mw-parser-output
.portal{border:solid #aaa 1px;padding:0}.mw-parser-output
.portal.tleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output
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.portal>ul{display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-
width:175px;background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-
style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li{display:table-
row}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li>span:first-child{display:table-
cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output
.portal>ul>li>span:last-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em
0.3em;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"
class="noprint portal plainlist tright">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="image"><img alt="icon"
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-
Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="noviewer"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-
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Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106"
/></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food
portal</a></li></ul></div>
<div class="div-col columns column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 20em; -webkit-
column-width: 20em; column-width: 20em; font-size:90%;">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fodder#Common_plants_specifically_grown_for_fodder"
title="Fodder">Alternative fodders</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cash_crop" title="Cash crop">Cash crop</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_soy-based_foods" title="List of soy-based foods">List of
soy-based foods</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Organic_infant_formula" title="Organic infant formula">Organic
infant formula</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soy_molasses" title="Soy molasses">Soy molasses</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soybean_in_Paraguay" title="Soybean in Paraguay">Soybean in
Paraguay</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soybean_management_practices" title="Soybean management
practices">Soybean management practices</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soybean_agglutinin" title="Soybean agglutinin">Soybean
agglutinin</a>, a lectin</li></ul>
</div>
<h2>Referencesedit</a>]</h2>
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-eol-1"><a href="#cite_ref-
eol_1-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web
cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="http://eol.org/pages/641527/overview">"Glycine max"</a>. Encyclopedia of
Life. Retrieved February
16, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info
%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx
%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Glycine+max&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+o
f+Life&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feol.org%2Fpages%2F641527%2Foverview&rfr_id=info
%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoybean" class="Z3988"><style data-mw-
deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r951705291">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-
style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output
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image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-
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gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6
5/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-
position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-
output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-
parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-
image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-
2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-
gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d
6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-
position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-
output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-
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gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a
a/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-
position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output
.cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-
output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-
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gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4
c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-
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wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output
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</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-
2">^</a> Generally written in
katakana, not kanji.
</li>
3">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a
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%2Fwww.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au%2FSorting%2FGlycine.html%23max&rfr_id=info
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deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Riaz2006-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-
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inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/>
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data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/>
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</ol></div></div>
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selflink">Soy</a> (Glycine max)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row"
class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd
hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-
style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soy_allergy" title="Soy allergy">Soy allergy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soy_candle" title="Soy candle">Soy candle</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soy_ink" title="Soy ink">Soy ink</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soy_molasses" title="Soy molasses">Soy molasses</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soy_paint" title="Soy paint">Soy paint</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soy_protein" title="Soy protein">Soy protein</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Soybean</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_soybean_diseases" title="List of soybean
diseases">Soybean diseases</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soybean_meal" title="Soybean meal">Soybean meal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soybean_oil" title="Soybean oil">Soybean oil</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9"
style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a
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style="width:1%">Soy-based dishes</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist"
style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_soy-based_foods" title="List of soy-based
foods">List of soy-based foods</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aburaage" class="mw-redirect" title="Aburaage">Aburaage</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Agedashi_tofu" class="mw-redirect" title="Agedashi
tofu">Agedashi tofu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bai_ye" title="Bai ye">Bai ye</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Douhua" title="Douhua">Douhua</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dubu_kimchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubu kimchi">Dubu
kimchi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Edamame" title="Edamame">Edamame</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hiyayakko" title="Hiyayakko">Hiyayakko</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kongguksu" class="mw-redirect"
title="Kongguksu">Kongguksu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kongnamul" class="mw-redirect"
title="Kongnamul">Kongnamul</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mapo_doufu" class="mw-redirect" title="Mapo doufu">Mapo
doufu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Miso_soup" title="Miso soup">Miso soup</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sundubu_jjigae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sundubu
jjigae">Sundubu jjigae</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tahu_goreng" title="Tahu goreng">Tahu goreng</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tofu_skin_roll" title="Tofu skin roll">Tofu skin roll</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yong_tau_foo" title="Yong tau foo">Yong tau foo</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a
href="/wiki/Plant_milk" title="Plant milk">Plant milk</a></th><td class="navbox-
list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soy_milk" title="Soy milk">Soy milk</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soy_yogurt" title="Soy yogurt">Soy yogurt</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_cheese" title="Vegan cheese">Vegan cheese</a></li></ul>
href="/wiki/Meat_analogue" title="Meat analogue">Meat analogues</a></th><td
class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-
width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em
0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beanfeast" title="Beanfeast">Beanfeast</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tempeh" title="Tempeh">Tempeh</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Textured_vegetable_protein" title="Textured vegetable
protein">Textured vegetable protein</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu">Tofu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tofurkey" title="Tofurkey">Tofurkey</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_hot_dog" title="Vegetarian hot dog">Vegetarian hot
dog</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Veggie_burger" title="Veggie burger">Veggie burger</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sauces
and condiments</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-
align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-
style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table
class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th
scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce"
title="Soy sauce">Soy sauce</a> based</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganjang" class="mw-redirect"
title="Ganjang">Ganjang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ponzu" title="Ponzu">Ponzu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_soy_sauce" title="Sweet soy sauce">Sweet soy
sauce</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce#Japanese" title="Soy sauce">Tamari</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Teriyaki" title="Teriyaki">Teriyaki</a></li>
<li>Tsuyu</li>
<li>Yìn yóu</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"
style="width:1%">Pastes</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doenjang" title="Doenjang">Doenjang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Doubanjiang" title="Doubanjiang">Doubanjiang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Miso" title="Miso">Miso</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_bean_sauce" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweet bean
sauce">Sweet bean sauce</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_soybean_paste" title="Yellow soybean paste">Yellow
soybean paste</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/T%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Tương">Tương</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fermented
bean</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-
0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fermented_bean_curd" title="Fermented bean curd">Fermented
bean curd</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Douchi" title="Douchi">Douchi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kinema" title="Kinema">Kinema</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tauco" title="Tauco">Tauco</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Natt%C5%8D" title="Nattō">Nattō</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"
class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Various other foods</th><td class="navbox-
list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mamenori" title="Mamenori">Mamenori</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oncom" title="Oncom">Oncom</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soybean#Flour" title="Soybean">Soy flour</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soybean#Infant_formula" title="Soybean">Soy milk based infant
formula</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soy_nut" title="Soy nut">Soy nut</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soy_pulp" class="mw-redirect" title="Soy pulp">Soy pulp</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stinky_tofu" title="Stinky tofu">Stinky tofu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tofu_skin" title="Tofu skin">Tofu skin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fermented_soy_products" title="List of fermented soy
products">List of fermented soy products</a></li></ul>
style="width:1%">Biochemicals</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"
scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phytoestrogens"
class="mw-redirect" title="Phytoestrogens">Phytoestrogens</a></th><td
class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-
left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genistein" title="Genistein">Genistein</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Genistin" title="Genistin">Genistin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Glycitein" title="Glycitein">Glycitein</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Glycitin" title="Glycitin">Glycitin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ononin" title="Ononin">Ononin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Daidzein" title="Daidzein">Daidzein</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Equol" title="Equol">Equol</a> (metabolite)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/O-Desmethylangolensin" title="O-Desmethylangolensin">O-DMA</a>
(metabolite)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Daidzin" title="Daidzin">Daidzin</a> (leaves)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Globulins
(proteins)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-
left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div
style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beta-conglycinin&action=edit&redlink=1"
class="new" title="Beta-conglycinin (page does not exist)">Beta-
conglycinin</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glycinin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new"
title="Glycinin (page does not exist)">Glycinin</a></li></ul>
href="/wiki/Phytohaemagglutinin" title="Phytohaemagglutinin">PHAs</a> (<a
href="/wiki/Lectin" title="Lectin">Lectins</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-
odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soybean_agglutinin" title="Soybean agglutinin">Soybean
agglutinin</a> (lectin)</li></ul>
style="width:1%">Enzymes</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beta-amylase" title="Beta-amylase">Beta-amylase</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lipoxygenase" title="Lipoxygenase">Lipoxygenase</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cysteine_protease" title="Cysteine protease">Cysteine
proteases</a></li></ul>
href="/wiki/Trypsin_inhibitor" title="Trypsin inhibitor">Trypsin
inhibitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-
<ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kunitz_inhibitor&action=edit&redlink=1"
class="new" title="Kunitz inhibitor (page does not exist)">Kunitz
inhibitor</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bowman-
Birk_inhibitor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bowman-Birk
inhibitor (page does not exist)">Bowman-Birk inhibitor</a></li></ul>
style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soy_lecithin" class="mw-redirect" title="Soy lecithin">Soy
lecithin</a> (mix of <a href="/wiki/Phospholipid"
title="Phospholipid">Phospholipids</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lunasin" title="Lunasin">Lunasin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Unsaponifiable" class="mw-redirect"
title="Unsaponifiable">Unsaponifiables</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tocopherol" title="Tocopherol">Tocopherols</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sterols" class="mw-redirect"
title="Sterols">Sterols</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Antinutrient" title="Antinutrient">Antinutrients</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phytates" class="mw-redirect"
title="Phytates">Phytates</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Protease_Inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Protease
Inhibitors">Protease Inhibitors</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cystatin" title="Cystatin">Cystatins</a></li></ul></li></ul>
class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-
odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/8th_Continent" title="8th Continent">8th Continent</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alpro" title="Alpro">Alpro</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Boca_Burger" title="Boca Burger">Boca Burger</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gardenburger" title="Gardenburger">Gardenburger</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kikkoman" title="Kikkoman">Kikkoman</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Morningstar_Farms" title="Morningstar Farms">Morningstar
Farms</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Plamil_Foods" title="Plamil Foods">Plamil Foods</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Silk_(brand)" title="Silk (brand)">Silk</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/So_Good_(soy_beverage)" title="So Good (soy beverage)">So
Good</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tofutti" title="Tofutti">Tofutti</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vitasoy" title="Vitasoy">Vitasoy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yamasa" title="Yamasa">Yamasa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yeo_Hiap_Seng" title="Yeo Hiap Seng">Yeo Hiap Seng</a></li></ul>
style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuasa,_Wakayama" title="Yuasa, Wakayama">Yuasa</a>, artisan
town of historic soy sauce distilleries</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kikkoman_Soy_Sauce_Museum" title="Kikkoman Soy Sauce
Museum">Kikkoman Soy Sauce Museum</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><img
alt="Category"
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-
Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16"
height="14"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24
px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-
Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31"
/> <a href="/wiki/Category:Soybeans" title="Category:Soybeans">Category:
Soybeans</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-
labelledby="Lists_of_countries_by_agricultural_output_rankings"
style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-
mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Agriculture_country_lists"
title="Template:Agriculture country lists"><abbr title="View this template"
shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a
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id="Lists_of_countries_by_agricultural_output_rankings" style="font-
size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_countries_and_territories"
title="Lists of countries and territories">Lists of countries</a> by <a
href="/wiki/List_of_largest_producing_countries_of_agricultural_commodities"
title="List of largest producing countries of agricultural
commodities">agricultural output</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_international_rankings"
title="List of international rankings">rankings</a></div></th></tr><tr><th
scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cereal"
title="Cereal">Cereals</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_barley_production" title="List of
countries by barley production">Barley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buckwheat#Production" title="Buckwheat">Buckwheat</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maize#Production" title="Maize">Maize</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Millet#Production" title="Millet">Millet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oat#Cultivation" title="Oat">Oat</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rice#Production_and_commerce" title="Rice">Rice</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rye#Production_and_consumption_statistics"
title="Rye">Rye</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_sorghum#Cultivation_and_uses" title="Commercial
sorghum">Sorghum</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Triticale#Conventional_breeding_approaches"
title="Triticale">Triticale</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/International_wheat_production_statistics" title="International
wheat production statistics">Wheat</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_wheat_exports" title="List of countries
by wheat exports">exports</a></li></ul></li></ul>
href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">Fruit</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even
hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_apple_production" title="List of
countries by apple production">Apple</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_apricot_production" title="List of
countries by apricot production">Apricot</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_avocado_production" title="List of
countries by avocado production">Avocado</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Banana#Production_and_export" title="Banana">Banana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_cherry_production" title="List of countries
by cherry production">Cherry</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_production" title="Citrus production">Citrus</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orange_(fruit)#Production" title="Orange
(fruit)">Orange</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_coconut_production" title="List of
countries by coconut production">Coconut</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_cucumber_production" title="List of
countries by cucumber production">Cucumber</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_eggplant_production" title="List of
countries by eggplant production">Eggplant</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_grape_production" title="List of countries
by grape production">Grape</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lemon#Production" title="Lemon">Lemon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lime_(fruit)#Production" title="Lime (fruit)">Lime</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mango#Cultivation" title="Mango">Mango</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_papaya_production" title="List of countries
by papaya production">Papaya</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_pear_production" title="List of countries
by pear production">Pear</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_plum_production" title="List of countries
by plum production">Plum</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_pineapple_production" title="List of
countries by pineapple production">Pineapple</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Raspberry#Production" title="Raspberry">Raspberry</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_tomato_production" title="List of countries
by tomato production">Tomato</a></li></ul>
href="/wiki/Vegetable" title="Vegetable">Vegetables</a></th><td class="navbox-list
navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_artichoke_production" title="List of
countries by artichoke production">Artichoke</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carrot#Production" title="Carrot">Carrot</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_garlic_production" title="List of countries
by garlic production">Garlic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_onion_production" class="mw-redirect"
title="List of countries by onion production">Onion</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_potato_production" title="List of countries
by potato production">Potato</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rapeseed#Production" title="Rapeseed">Rapeseed</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_soybean_production" title="List of
countries by soybean production">Soybean</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carrot#Production" title="Carrot">Turnip</a></li></ul>
style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theobroma_cacao#Cultivation" title="Theobroma
cacao">Cacao</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">Cassava</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_coffee_production" title="List of countries
by coffee production">Coffee</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cotton#Leading_producer_countries"
title="Cotton">Cotton</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_by_country" title="Fishing industry by
country">Fish</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Milk#Production_worldwide" title="Milk">Milk</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_beet#Production_statistics" title="Sugar beet">Sugar
beet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sugarcane#Production" title="Sugarcane">Sugar cane</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sunflower_seed#Cultivation" title="Sunflower seed">Sunflower
seed</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tea#Production" title="Tea">Tea</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_industry#Production_by_country_or_region" title="Tobacco
industry">Tobacco</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wine-producing_countries" class="mw-redirect"
title="List of wine-producing countries">Wine</a></li></ul>
style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_irrigated_land_area" title="List of
countries by irrigated land area">Irrigation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Land_use_statistics_by_country" title="Land use statistics by
country">Land use</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div
class="hlist" style="text-align:center">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_rankings" title="List of international
rankings">List of international rankings</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_top_international_rankings_by_country" title="List of
top international rankings by country">List of top international rankings by
country</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lists_by_country" title="Lists by country">Lists by
country</a></li></ul>
</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Veganism_and_vegetarianism"
style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse
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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li
class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Veganism_and_vegetarianism"
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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Veganism"
title="Veganism">Veganism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism"
title="Vegetarianism">vegetarianism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row"
class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perspectives</th><td class="navbox-list
navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-
scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a
href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a></th><td class="navbox-list
navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal-free_agriculture" title="Animal-free
agriculture">Animal-free agriculture</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fruitarianism" title="Fruitarianism">Fruitarianism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Veganism#History" title="Veganism">History</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Low-carbon_diet" title="Low-carbon diet">Low-carbon
diet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Raw_veganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Raw veganism">Raw
veganism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_nutrition" title="Vegan nutrition">Nutrition</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_organic_gardening" title="Vegan organic gardening">Vegan
organic gardening</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_studies" title="Vegan studies">Vegan studies</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-
weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism"
title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even"
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_vegetarianism" title="Economic
vegetarianism">Economic vegetarianism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_vegetarianism" title="Environmental
vegetarianism">Environmental vegetarianism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_vegetarianism" title="History of
vegetarianism">History</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lacto_vegetarianism" title="Lacto vegetarianism">Lacto
vegetarianism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Orthopathy" title="Orthopathy">Orthopathy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ovo_vegetarianism" title="Ovo vegetarianism">Ovo
vegetarianism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ovo-lacto_vegetarianism" title="Ovo-lacto vegetarianism">Ovo-
lacto vegetarianism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_cuisine" title="Vegetarian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Diet_Pyramid" title="Vegetarian Diet
Pyramid">Vegetarian Diet Pyramid</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_ecofeminism" title="Vegetarian
ecofeminism">Ecofeminism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_nutrition" title="Vegetarian
nutrition">Nutrition</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_by_country" title="Vegetarianism by country">By
country</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-
weight:normal;">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarians" title="List of
vegetarians">Vegetarians</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegans" title="List of vegans">Vegans</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_vegetarian_characters" title="List of
fictional vegetarian characters">Fictional characters</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_festivals" title="List of vegetarian
festivals">Vegetarian festivals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_organizations" title="List of vegetarian
organizations">Vegetarian organizations</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_restaurants" title="List of vegetarian
restaurants">Vegetarian restaurants</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegan_media" title="List of vegan media">List of vegan
media</a></li></ul>
class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethics</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a
href="/wiki/Secular_ethics" title="Secular ethics">Secular</a></th><td
class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-
width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">Animal rights</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare" title="Animal welfare">Animal welfare</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carnism" title="Carnism">Carnism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_vegetarianism" title="Environmental
vegetarianism">Environmental vegetarianism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_eating_meat" title="Ethics of eating meat">Ethics of
eating meat</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Meat_paradox" class="mw-redirect" title="Meat paradox">Meat
paradox</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sentientism" title="Sentientism">Sentientism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Speciesism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tirukkural" class="mw-redirect"
title="Tirukkural">Tirukkural</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-
weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_religion" title="Vegetarianism and
religion">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-
align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_vegetarianism" title="Buddhist
vegetarianism">Buddhism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Christian_vegetarianism" title="Christian
vegetarianism">Christianity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church"
title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Hinduism" title="Diet in Hinduism">Hinduism</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sattvic_diet" title="Sattvic diet">Sattvic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" class="mw-redirect"
title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jain_vegetarianism" title="Jain vegetarianism">Jainism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_vegetarianism" title="Jewish
vegetarianism">Judaism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pythagoreanism#Vegetarianism"
title="Pythagoreanism">Pythagoreanism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ital" title="Ital">Rastafari</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Sikhism" title="Diet in Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li></ul>
class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Food, drink</th><td class="navbox-list
navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agar" title="Agar">Agar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Agave_nectar" class="mw-redirect" title="Agave nectar">Agave
nectar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_burger" title="Coconut burger">Coconut burger</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_milk" title="Coconut milk">Coconut milk</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">Fruits</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Grain" title="Grain">Grains</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cereal" title="Cereal">cereals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Legume" title="Legume">legumes</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Meat_analogue" title="Meat analogue">Meat analogue</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_meat_substitutes" title="List of meat
substitutes">List of meat substitutes</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Miso" title="Miso">Miso</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mochi" title="Mochi">Mochi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mock_duck" title="Mock duck">Mock duck</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nutritional_yeast" title="Nutritional yeast">Nutritional
yeast</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Plant_cream" title="Plant cream">Plant cream</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Plant_milk" title="Plant milk">Plant milk</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Quinoa" title="Quinoa">Quinoa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Quorn" title="Quorn">Quorn</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_gluten_(food)" title="Wheat gluten (food)">Seitan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soy_yogurt" title="Soy yogurt">Soy yogurt</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tempeh" title="Tempeh">Tempeh</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu">Tofu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tofurkey" title="Tofurkey">Tofurkey</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_cheese" title="Vegan cheese">Cheese</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegepet" title="Vegepet">Vegepet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable" title="Vegetable">Vegetables</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_hot_dog" title="Vegetarian hot dog">Hot dog</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_and_non-vegetarian_marks" title="Vegetarian and non-
vegetarian marks">Vegetarian mark</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_sausage" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetarian
sausage">Sausage</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_beer" title="Vegetarianism and
beer">Beer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_wine" title="Vegetarianism and
wine">Wine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Veggie_burger" title="Veggie burger">Veggie burger</a></li></ul>
href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_organizations" title="List of vegetarian
organizations">Groups</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_festivals"
title="List of vegetarian festivals">events</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-
scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-
weight:normal;">Vegan</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Vegan_Society" title="American Vegan
Society">American Vegan Society</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Beauty_Without_Cruelty" title="Beauty Without Cruelty">Beauty
Without Cruelty</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Food_Empowerment_Project" title="Food Empowerment Project">Food
Empowerment Project</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Go_Vegan" title="Go Vegan">Go Vegan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Compassionate_Living" title="Movement for
Compassionate Living">Movement for Compassionate Living</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Our_Hen_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Hen House">Our Hen
House</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Physicians_Committee_for_Responsible_Medicine" title="Physicians
Committee for Responsible Medicine">Physicians Committee for Responsible
Medicine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Plamil_Foods" title="Plamil Foods">Plamil Foods</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Vereniging_voor_Veganisme" title="Nederlandse
Vereniging voor Veganisme">Nederlandse Vereniging voor Veganisme</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_Awareness_Foundation" title="Vegan Awareness
Foundation">Vegan Awareness Foundation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegan flag">Vegan
flag</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_Ireland:_The_Vegan_Society_of_Ireland" title="Vegan
Ireland: The Vegan Society of Ireland">Vegan Ireland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_Outreach" title="Vegan Outreach">Vegan Outreach</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_Prisoners_Support_Group" title="Vegan Prisoners Support
Group">Vegan Prisoners Support Group</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_school_meal" title="Vegan school meal">Vegan school
meal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Vegan_Society" title="The Vegan Society">The Vegan
Society</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Food_Institute" title="The Good Food Institute">The
Good Food Institute</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Veganuary" title="Veganuary">Veganuary</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Veganz" title="Veganz">Veganz</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/World_Vegan_Day" title="World Vegan Day">World Vegan
Day</a></li></ul>
weight:normal;">Vegetarian</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Vegetarian_Society" title="Boston Vegetarian
Society">Boston Vegetarian Society</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Vegetarian_Association" title="Christian Vegetarian
Association">Christian Vegetarian Association</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/European_Vegetarian_Union" title="European Vegetarian
Union">European Vegetarian Union</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/French_Vegetarian_Society" title="French Vegetarian
Society">French Vegetarian Society</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hare_Krishna_Food_for_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Hare
Krishna Food for Life">Hare Krishna Food for Life</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/International_Vegetarian_Union" title="International Vegetarian
Union">International Vegetarian Union</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Veg" title="Jewish Veg">Jewish Veg</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Meat-free_days" title="Meat-free days">Meat-free days</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meatless_Monday" title="Meatless Monday">Meatless
Monday</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Friday_Fast" title="Friday Fast">Friday Fast</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?
title=North_American_Vegetarian_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new"
title="North American Vegetarian Society (page does not exist)">North American
Vegetarian Society</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Age" title="Order of the Golden Age">Order
of the Golden Age</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ProVeg_Deutschland" title="ProVeg Deutschland">ProVeg
Deutschland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ProVeg_Nederland" title="ProVeg Nederland">ProVeg
Nederland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Swissveg" title="Swissveg">Swissveg</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Vegetarian_Association" title="Toronto Vegetarian
Association">Toronto Vegetarian Association</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Federal_Union" title="Vegetarian Federal
Union">Vegetarian Federal Union</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Society" title="Vegetarian Society">Vegetarian
Society</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Society_(Singapore)" title="Vegetarian Society
(Singapore)">Vegetarian Society (Singapore)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Veggie_Pride" title="Veggie Pride">Veggie Pride</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Viva!_Health" title="Viva! Health">Viva! Health</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/World_Esperantist_Vegetarian_Association" title="World
Esperantist Vegetarian Association">World Esperantist Vegetarian
Association</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/World_Vegetarian_Day" title="World Vegetarian Day">World
Vegetarian Day</a></li></ul>
class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_and_vegan_companies" title="List of
vegetarian and vegan companies">List of vegetarian and vegan
companies</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books, reports</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-
left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/An_Essay_on_Abstinence_from_Animal_Food,_as_a_Moral_Duty"
title="An Essay on Abstinence from Animal Food, as a Moral Duty">An Essay on
Abstinence from Animal Food, as a Moral Duty</a> (1802)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_Cookery" title="Vegetable Cookery">Vegetable
Cookery</a> (1812)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/A_Vindication_of_Natural_Diet" title="A Vindication of
Natural Diet">A Vindication of Natural Diet</a> (1813)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Reasons_for_not_Eating_Animal_Food" class="mw-redirect"
title="Reasons for not Eating Animal Food">Reasons for not Eating Animal
Food</a> (1814)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Moral_Inquiries_on_the_Situation_of_Man_and_of_Brutes"
title="Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes">Moral Inquiries on
the Situation of Man and of Brutes</a> (1824)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nature%27s_Own_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature's
Own Book">Nature's Own Book</a> (1835)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fruits_and_Farinacea" title="Fruits and Farinacea">Fruits and
Farinacea</a> (1845)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/What_is_Vegetarianism%3F" title="What is Vegetarianism?">What
is Vegetarianism?</a> (1886)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shelley%27s_Vegetarianism" title="Shelley's
Vegetarianism">Shelley's Vegetarianism</a> (1891)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Behind_the_Scenes_in_Slaughter-Houses" title="Behind the
Scenes in Slaughter-Houses">Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses</a>
(1892)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Why_I_Am_a_Vegetarian" title="Why I Am a Vegetarian">Why I Am
a Vegetarian</a> (1895)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Figs_or_Pigs%3F" title="Figs or Pigs?">Figs or Pigs?</a>
(1896)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Thirty-nine_Reasons_Why_I_Am_a_Vegetarian" title="Thirty-nine
Reasons Why I Am a Vegetarian">Thirty-nine Reasons Why I Am a Vegetarian</a>
(1903)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Meat_Fetish" title="The Meat Fetish">The Meat
Fetish</a> (1904)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/A_Fleshless_Diet" class="mw-redirect" title="A Fleshless
Diet">A Fleshless Diet</a> (1910)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Benefits_of_Vegetarianism" title="The Benefits of
Vegetarianism">The Benefits of Vegetarianism</a> (1927)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Talents_(cookbook)" title="Ten Talents (cookbook)">Ten
Talents</a> (1968)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Diet_for_a_Small_Planet" title="Diet for a Small Planet">Diet
for a Small Planet</a> (1971)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Farm_Vegetarian_Cookbook" title="The Farm Vegetarian
Cookbook">The Farm Vegetarian Cookbook</a> (1975)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Laurel%27s_Kitchen" title="Laurel's Kitchen">Laurel's
Kitchen</a> (1976)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Moosewood_Cookbook" title="Moosewood Cookbook">Moosewood
Cookbook</a> (1977)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fit_for_Life" title="Fit for Life">Fit for Life</a>
(1985)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Diet_for_a_New_America" title="Diet for a New America">Diet
for a New America</a> (1987)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Sexual_Politics_of_Meat" title="The Sexual Politics of
Meat">The Sexual Politics of Meat</a> (1990)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Cooking_for_Everyone" title="Vegetarian Cooking
for Everyone">Vegetarian Cooking for Everyone</a> (1997)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_China_Study" title="The China Study">The China
Study</a> (2004)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Skinny_Bitch" title="Skinny Bitch">Skinny Bitch</a>
(2005)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Livestock%27s_Long_Shadow" title="Livestock's Long
Shadow">Livestock's Long Shadow</a> (2006)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Bloodless_Revolution_(book)" title="The Bloodless
Revolution (book)">The Bloodless Revolution</a> (2006)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Eating_Animals" title="Eating Animals">Eating Animals</a>
(2009)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Why_We_Love_Dogs,_Eat_Pigs,_and_Wear_Cows" title="Why We Love
Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows">Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows</a>
(2009)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Animal_(De)liberation" title="Animal (De)liberation">Animal
(De)liberation</a> (2016)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_End_of_Animal_Farming" title="The End of Animal
Farming">The End of Animal Farming</a> (2018)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Meat_Atlas" title="Meat Atlas">Meat Atlas</a>
(annual)</li></ul>
style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meet_Your_Meat" title="Meet Your Meat">Meet Your
Meat</a> (2002)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Peaceable_Kingdom_(film)" title="Peaceable Kingdom
(film)">Peaceable Kingdom</a> (2004)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Earthlings_(film)" title="Earthlings
(film)">Earthlings</a> (2005)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/A_Sacred_Duty" title="A Sacred Duty">A Sacred Duty</a>
(2007)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fat,_Sick_and_Nearly_Dead" title="Fat, Sick and Nearly
Dead">Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead</a> (2010)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Planeat" title="Planeat">Planeat</a> (2010)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Forks_Over_Knives" title="Forks Over Knives">Forks Over
Knives</a> (2011)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegucated" title="Vegucated">Vegucated</a> (2011)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Live_and_Let_Live_(2013_film)" title="Live and Let Live (2013
film)">Live and Let Live</a> (2013)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cowspiracy" title="Cowspiracy">Cowspiracy</a> (2014)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/What_the_Health" title="What the Health">What the
Health</a> (2017)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carnage_(2017_film)" title="Carnage (2017
film)">Carnage</a> (2017)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_(documentary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominion
(documentary)">Dominion</a> (2018)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Game_Changers" title="The Game Changers">The Game
Changers</a> (2018)</li></ul>
style="width:1%">Magazines</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naked_Food" title="Naked Food">Naked Food</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Satya_(magazine)" title="Satya (magazine)">Satya</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Times" title="Vegetarian Times">Vegetarian
Times</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/VegNews" title="VegNews">VegNews</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Animals%27_Agenda" class="mw-redirect" title="The
Animals' Agenda">The Animals' Agenda</a></li></ul>
style="width:1%">Academics, physicians</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-
weight:normal;">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elisa_Aaltola" title="Elisa Aaltola">Elisa Aaltola</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carol_J._Adams" title="Carol J. Adams">Carol J. Adams</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Balluch" title="Martin Balluch">Martin Balluch</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Neal_D._Barnard" title="Neal D. Barnard">Neal D.
Barnard</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/David_Benatar" title="David Benatar">David Benatar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rynn_Berry" title="Rynn Berry">Rynn Berry</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Best" title="Steven Best">Steven Best</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Bonnardel" title="Yves Bonnardel">Yves Bonnardel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/T._Colin_Campbell" title="T. Colin Campbell">T. Colin
Campbell</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Deckers" title="Jan Deckers">Jan Deckers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sue_Donaldson" title="Sue Donaldson">Sue Donaldson</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mylan_Engel" title="Mylan Engel">Mylan Engel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gidon_Eshel" title="Gidon Eshel">Gidon Eshel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Caldwell_Esselstyn" title="Caldwell Esselstyn">Caldwell
Esselstyn</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Allen_Fox" title="Michael Allen Fox">Michael Allen
Fox</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gary_L._Francione" title="Gary L. Francione">Gary L.
Francione</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Fuhrman" title="Joel Fuhrman">Joel Fuhrman</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Greta_Gaard" title="Greta Gaard">Greta Gaard</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giroux" title="Valéry Giroux">Valéry Giroux</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Greger" title="Michael Greger">Michael Greger</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/A._Breeze_Harper" title="A. Breeze Harper">A. Breeze
Harper</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Horta" title="Oscar Horta">Oscar Horta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Melanie_Joy" title="Melanie Joy">Melanie Joy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Klaper" title="Michael Klaper">Michael Klaper</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aph_Ko" title="Aph Ko">Aph Ko</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lepeltier" title="Thomas Lepeltier">Thomas
Lepeltier</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Linzey" title="Andrew Linzey">Andrew Linzey</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Clair_Linzey" title="Clair Linzey">Clair Linzey</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Reed_Mangels" title="Reed Mangels">Reed Mangels</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/John_A._McDougall" title="John A. McDougall">John A.
McDougall</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/James_E._McWilliams" title="James E. McWilliams">James E.
McWilliams</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Norris_(activist)" title="Jack Norris (activist)">Jack
Norris</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/David_Olivier" title="David Olivier">David Olivier</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Ornish" title="Dean Ornish">Dean Ornish</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/David_Pearce_(philosopher)" title="David Pearce
(philosopher)">David Pearce</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Regan" title="Tom Regan">Tom Regan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Schwartz" title="Richard H. Schwartz">Richard H.
Schwartz</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Singer" title="Peter Singer">Peter Singer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/David_Sztybel" title="David Sztybel">David Sztybel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kim_A._Williams" title="Kim A. Williams">Kim A.
Williams</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Corey_Lee_Wrenn" title="Corey Lee Wrenn">Corey Lee
Wrenn</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Wright_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Laura Wright
(academic)">Laura Wright</a></li></ul>
weight:normal;">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Alcott" title="William Alcott">William
Alcott</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Allinson" title="Thomas Allinson">Thomas
Allinson</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/William_Axon" title="William Axon">William Axon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/George_Bedborough" title="George Bedborough">George
Bedborough</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bell_(animal_rights_activist)" class="mw-redirect"
title="Ernest Bell (animal rights activist)">Ernest Bell</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Bircher-Benner" title="Maximilian Bircher-
Benner">Maximilian Bircher-Benner</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bonnejoy" title="Ernest Bonnejoy">Ernest
Bonnejoy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Duncan_Bulkley" title="Lucius Duncan Bulkley">Lucius
Duncan Bulkley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/J._L._Buttner" title="J. L. Buttner">J. L. Buttner</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Carton" title="Paul Carton">Paul Carton</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/George_Cheyne_(physician)" title="George Cheyne
(physician)">George Cheyne</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Clubb" title="Henry S. Clubb">Henry S. Clubb</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Cocchi" title="Antonio Cocchi">Antonio Cocchi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Forward" title="Charles W. Forward">Charles W.
Forward</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Narasinh_Narayan_Godbole" title="Narasinh Narayan
Godbole">Narasinh Narayan Godbole</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Gompertz" title="Lewis Gompertz">Lewis Gompertz</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Haig_(physician)" title="Alexander Haig
(physician)">Alexander Haig</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hare" title="Edward Hare">Edward Hare</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Hecquet" title="Philippe Hecquet">Philippe
Hecquet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_Holbrook" title="Martin Luther Holbrook">Martin
Luther Holbrook</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Jennings" title="Isaac Jennings">Isaac Jennings</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/John_Harvey_Kellogg" title="John Harvey Kellogg">John Harvey
Kellogg</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_H._Kress" title="Daniel H. Kress">Daniel H.
Kress</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/William_Lambe" title="William Lambe">William Lambe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_McCollum" title="Elmer McCollum">Elmer McCollum</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Willis_Miller" title="Harry Willis Miller">Harry Willis
Miller</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_Moore" title="J. Howard Moore">J. Howard
Moore</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_D._Mussey" title="Reuben D. Mussey">Reuben D.
Mussey</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Newman" title="Francis William Newman">Francis
William Newman</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Oldfield" title="Josiah Oldfield">Josiah
Oldfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rollo_Russell" title="Rollo Russell">Rollo Russell</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stephens_Salt" title="Henry Stephens Salt">Henry Stephens
Salt</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Thacher_Trall" title="Russell Thacher Trall">Russell
Thacher Trall</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Williams_(humanitarian)" title="Howard Williams
(humanitarian)">Howard Williams</a></li></ul>
class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_and_vegan_symbolism" title="Vegetarian and vegan
symbolism">Vegetarian and vegan symbolism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegan_media" title="List of vegan media">List of vegan
media</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Juice_fasting" title="Juice fasting">Juice fasting</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_and_vegan_dog_diet" title="Vegetarian and vegan dog
diet">Vegetarian and vegan dog diet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegaphobia" title="Vegaphobia">Vegaphobia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Semi-vegetarianism" title="Semi-vegetarianism">Semi-
vegetarianism</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macrobiotic_diet" title="Macrobiotic diet">Macrobiotic
diet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pescetarianism"
title="Pescetarianism">Pescetarianism</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bioenergy"
mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bioenergy"
title="Template:Bioenergy"><abbr title="View this template"
href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bioenergy" title="Template talk:Bioenergy"><abbr
title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-
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href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Template:Bioenergy&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template"
shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div
id="Bioenergy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bioenergy"
title="Bioenergy">Bioenergy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-
group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Biofuels"
title="Category:Biofuels">Biofuels</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_fuel" title="Alcohol fuel">Alcohol fuel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Algae_fuel" title="Algae fuel">Algae fuel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bagasse" title="Bagasse">Bagasse</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Babassu_oil" title="Babassu oil">Babassu oil</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Butanol_fuel" title="Butanol fuel">Biobutanol</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel">Biodiesel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Biogas" title="Biogas">Biogas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Biogasoline" title="Biogasoline">Biogasoline</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bioliquids" title="Bioliquids">Bioliquids</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Corn_stover" title="Corn stover">Corn stover</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ethanol_fuel" title="Ethanol fuel">Ethanol</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellulosic_ethanol" title="Cellulosic
ethanol">cellulosic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Common_ethanol_fuel_mixtures" title="Common ethanol fuel
mixtures">mixtures</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Methanol_fuel" title="Methanol fuel">Methanol</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stover" title="Stover">Stover</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corn_stover" title="Corn stover">Corn
stover</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Straw" title="Straw">Straw</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cooking_oil" title="Cooking oil">Cooking oil</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil_fuel" title="Vegetable oil fuel">Vegetable oil
fuel</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Eichhornia_crassipes#Bioenergy" title="Eichhornia
crassipes">Water hyacinth</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wood_gas" title="Wood gas">Wood gas</a></li></ul>
href="/wiki/Category:Energy_crops" title="Category:Energy crops">Energy from foodstock</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">Barley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">Cassava</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_oil#Industry" title="Coconut oil">Coconut oil</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">Grape</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">Hemp</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">Maize</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oat" title="Oat">Oat</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">Palm oil</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">Potato</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rapeseed" title="Rapeseed">Rapeseed</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">Rice</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sorghum_bicolor" title="Sorghum bicolor">Sorghum
bicolor</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Soybean</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">Sugarcane</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_beet" title="Sugar beet">Sugar beet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Helianthus_annuus" title="Helianthus annuus">Sunflower</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">Wheat</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yam_(vegetable)" title="Yam (vegetable)">Yam</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Camelina_sativa#Biodiesel_and_jet_fuel" title="Camelina
sativa">Camelina sativa</a></li></ul>
href="/wiki/Category:Non-food_crops" title="Category:Non-food crops">Non-food energy crops</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arundo" title="Arundo">Arundo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Andropogon_gerardi" title="Andropogon gerardi">Big
bluestem</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Camelina" title="Camelina">Camelina</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Triadica_sebifera" title="Triadica sebifera">Chinese
tallow</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lemnoideae" title="Lemnoideae">Duckweed</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jatropha_curcas" title="Jatropha curcas">Jatropha
curcas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Millettia_pinnata" title="Millettia pinnata">Millettia
pinnata</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Miscanthus_giganteus" title="Miscanthus giganteus">Miscanthus
giganteus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Panicum_virgatum" title="Panicum virgatum">Switchgrass</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Salicornia#Industrial_use"
title="Salicornia">Salicornia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wood_fuel" title="Wood fuel">Wood fuel</a></li></ul>
style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist"
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bio-energy_with_carbon_capture_and_storage" title="Bio-
energy with carbon capture and storage">BECCS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bioconversion_of_biomass_to_mixed_alcohol_fuels"
title="Bioconversion of biomass to mixed alcohol fuels">Bioconversion</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Biomass_heating_system" title="Biomass heating system">Biomass
heating systems</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Biorefinery" title="Biorefinery">Biorefinery</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fischer%E2%80%93Tropsch_process" title="Fischer–Tropsch
process">Fischer–Tropsch process</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_biotechnology" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial
biotechnology">Industrial biotechnology</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pellet_fuel" title="Pellet fuel">Pellets</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pellet_mill" title="Pellet mill">mill</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pellet_stove" title="Pellet stove">stove</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sabatier_reaction" title="Sabatier reaction">Sabatier
reaction</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_depolymerization" title="Thermal
depolymerization">Thermal depolymerization</a></li></ul>
style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellulosic_ethanol_commercialization" title="Cellulosic
ethanol commercialization">Cellulosic ethanol commercialization</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Energy_content_of_biofuel" title="Energy content of
biofuel">Energy content of biofuel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Energy_crop" title="Energy crop">Energy crop</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Energy_forestry" title="Energy forestry">Energy
forestry</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Energy_returned_on_energy_invested" class="mw-redirect"
title="Energy returned on energy invested">EROEI</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Food_vs._fuel" title="Food vs. fuel">Food vs. fuel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Issues_relating_to_biofuels" title="Issues relating to
biofuels">Issues</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_biofuel" title="Sustainable biofuel">Sustainable
biofuel</a></li></ul>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nuts"
mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nuts"
title="Template:Nuts"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none
shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a
href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nuts" title="Template talk:Nuts"><abbr title="Discuss
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title=Template:Nuts&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template"
shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nuts"
style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nut_(food)" title="Nut
(food)">Nuts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"
style="width:1%">True, or <a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut
(fruit)">botanical nuts</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acorn" title="Acorn">Acorn</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Beech" title="Beech">Beech</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fagus_grandifolia" title="Fagus grandifolia">American
beech</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fagus_sylvatica" title="Fagus sylvatica">European
beech</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Brosimum_alicastrum" title="Brosimum
alicastrum">Breadnut</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aleurites_moluccanus" title="Aleurites
moluccanus">Candlenut</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chestnut" title="Chestnut">Chestnut</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castanea_sativa" title="Castanea sativa">Sweet
chestnut</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hazelnut" title="Hazelnut">Hazelnut</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corylus_americana" title="Corylus americana">American
hazel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Corylus_cornuta" title="Corylus cornuta">Beaked hazel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Corylus_avellana" title="Corylus avellana">European
hazel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Corylus_maxima" title="Corylus maxima">Filbert</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Corylus_heterophylla" title="Corylus heterophylla">Asian
hazel</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Elaeocarpus_bancroftii" title="Elaeocarpus bancroftii">Johnstone
River almond</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kola_nut" title="Kola nut">Kola nut</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Brachychiton" title="Brachychiton">Kurrajong</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pachira_aquatica" title="Pachira aquatica">Malabar
chestnut</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Elaeis_guineensis" title="Elaeis guineensis">Palm nut</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hicksbeachia_pinnatifolia" title="Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia">Red
bopple nut</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Beilschmiedia_bancroftii" title="Beilschmiedia
bancroftii">Yellow walnut</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a
href="/wiki/Drupe" title="Drupe">Drupes</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-
even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">Almond</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Semecarpus_australiensis" title="Semecarpus
australiensis">Australian cashew nut</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Areca_nut" title="Areca nut">Betel nut</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shorea" title="Shorea">Borneo tallow nut</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Breadfruit" title="Breadfruit">Breadfruit</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cashew" title="Cashew">Cashew</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gevuina" title="Gevuina">Chilean hazel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">Coconut</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Durian" title="Durian">Durian</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coula_edulis" title="Coula edulis">Gabon nut</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hickory" title="Hickory">Hickory</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carya_tomentosa" title="Carya tomentosa">Mockernut
hickory</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pecan" title="Pecan">Pecan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carya_ovata" title="Carya ovata">Shagbark hickory</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carya_laciniosa" title="Carya laciniosa">Shellbark
hickory</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Irvingia_gabonensis" title="Irvingia gabonensis">Irvingia
gabonensis</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jackfruit" title="Jackfruit">Jack nut</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Karuka" title="Karuka">Karuka</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pandanus_julianettii" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandanus
julianettii">Planted karuka</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pandanus_brosimos" title="Pandanus brosimos">Wild
karuka</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mongongo" title="Mongongo">Mongongo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Panda_oleosa" title="Panda oleosa">Panda oleosa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Caryocar_nuciferum" title="Caryocar nuciferum">Pekea
nut</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Canarium_ovatum" title="Canarium ovatum">Pili nut</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pistachio" title="Pistachio">Pistachio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">Walnut</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juglans_nigra" title="Juglans nigra">Black walnut</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Juglans_cinerea" title="Juglans cinerea">Butternut</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Juglans_regia" title="Juglans regia">English walnut</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Juglans_ailantifolia" title="Juglans
ailantifolia">Heartnut</a></li></ul></li></ul>
href="/wiki/Gymnosperm" title="Gymnosperm">Gymnosperms</a></th><td
class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-
0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycad" title="Cycad">Cycad</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macrozamia" title="Macrozamia">Burrawang
nut</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ginkgo_biloba" title="Ginkgo biloba">Ginkgo nut</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Araucaria" title="Araucaria">Araucaria</a> spp.
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Araucaria_bidwillii" title="Araucaria bidwillii">Bunya
nut</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Araucaria_araucana" title="Araucaria araucana">Monkey-puzzle
nut</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pine_nut" title="Pine nut">Pine nut</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinus_gerardiana" title="Pinus gerardiana">Chilgoza
pine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pinus_edulis" title="Pinus edulis">Colorado pinyon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pinus_koraiensis" title="Pinus koraiensis">Korean pine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pinus_cembroides" title="Pinus cembroides">Mexican
pinyon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pinus_monophylla" title="Pinus monophylla">Single-leaf
pinyon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stone_pine" title="Stone pine">Stone
pine</a></li></ul></li></ul>
href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a></th><td
class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-
0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_nut" title="Brazil nut">Brazil nut</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Macadamia" title="Macadamia">Macadamia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macadamia_tetraphylla" title="Macadamia
tetraphylla">Macadamia nut</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Macadamia_integrifolia" title="Macadamia
integrifolia">Queensland macadamia nut</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lecythis" title="Lecythis">Paradise nut</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Peanut" title="Peanut">Peanut</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sterculia_quadrifida" title="Sterculia quadrifida">Peanut
tree</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Soybean</a></li></ul>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers"
style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-
spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col"
class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-
size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon
identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row"
class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Glycine max</th><td
class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-
left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikidata"
title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <a
href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11006" class="extiw"
title="wikidata:Q11006">Q11006</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies"
title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <a
href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Glycine_max" class="extiw"
title="wikispecies:Glycine max">Glycine max</a></li>
<li>APA: <a rel="nofollow"
class="external text" href="http://floraofalabama.org/Plant.aspx?
id=1965">1965</a></li>
<li>APDB: <a rel="nofollow"
class="external text" href="http://www.ville-
ge.ch/musinfo/bd/cjb/africa/details.php?
langue=an&id=63712">63712</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index"
title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <a rel="nofollow"
href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/116654">116654</a></li
>
<li>BioLib: <a rel="nofollow"
href="https://www.biolib.cz/cz/taxon/id39935">39935</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ecocrop"
title="Ecocrop">Ecocrop</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external
text" href="http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropView?
id=1150">1150</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life"
title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <a rel="nofollow"
href="https://eol.org/pages/641527">641527</a></li>
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href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/171391">171391</a></li>
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of China">FoC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?
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Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external
text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/5359660">5359660</a></li>
href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources
Information Network">GRIN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external
text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?
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Index">IPNI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=496786-1">496786-
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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Soybean&action=show-
download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as
PDF</a></li><li id="t-print"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soybean&printable=yes"
title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable
version</a></li></ul>
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<h3 id="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label">
In other projects
</h3>
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li class="wb-otherproject-link
wb-otherproject-commons"><a
href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Glycine_max"
hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-
otherproject-species"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Glycine_max"
hreflang="en">Wikispecies</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-
wikiquote"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Soybean"
hreflang="en">Wikiquote</a></li></ul>
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<nav id="p-lang" class="vector-menu vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-
lang-label" role="navigation"
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<h3 id="p-lang-label">
Languages
</h3>
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-als"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sojabohne" title="Sojabohne
– Alemannisch" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am"><a
href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8A%A9%E1%88%AA_%E1%8A
%A0%E1%89%B0%E1%88%AD" title="አኩሪ አተር – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am"
class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-ar"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84_
%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="‫ – فول الصويا‬Arabic" lang="ar"
hreflang="ar" class="interlanguage-link-target">‫<العربية‬/a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an"><a
href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_max" title="Glycine max – Aragonese"
lang="an" hreflang="an" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast"><a
href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_max" title="Glycine max – Asturian"
lang="ast" hreflang="ast" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S
%C3%B3ha" title="Sóha – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az"><a
href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soya" title="Soya – Azerbaijani" lang="az"
hreflang="az" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban"><a
href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedel%C3%A9" title="Kedelé – Balinese"
lang="ban" hreflang="ban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn"><a
href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC
%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="সয়াবিন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn"
class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-zh-min-nan"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%CC%82g-t
%C4%81u" title="N̂g-tāu – Chinese (Min Nan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan"
class="interlanguage-link-target">Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-ba"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8F" title="Соя
– Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be"><a
href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C
%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Соя культурная – Belarusian" lang="be"
hreflang="be" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old"><a href="https://be-
tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C
%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Соя культурная – Belarusian
(Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask"
class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh"><a
href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AC
%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="सोआबीन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh"
class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-bg"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8F" title="Соя
– Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar"><a
href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sojaboanl" title="Sojaboanl – Bavarian"
lang="bar" hreflang="bar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo"><a
href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD
%A6%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="སྲན་སེར། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo"
class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-bs"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soja" title="Soja – Bosnian"
lang="bs" hreflang="bs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br"><a
href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soja" title="Soja – Breton" lang="br"
hreflang="br" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca"><a
href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soia" title="Soia – Catalan" lang="ca"
hreflang="ca" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb"><a
href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utaw" title="Utaw – Cebuano" lang="ceb"
hreflang="ceb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/S
%C3%B3ja_lu%C5%A1tinat%C3%A1" title="Sója luštinatá – Czech" lang="cs"
hreflang="cs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy"><a
href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soia" title="Soia – Welsh" lang="cy"
hreflang="cy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da"><a
href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sojab%C3%B8nne" title="Sojabønne – Danish"
lang="da" hreflang="da" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de"><a
href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sojabohne" title="Sojabohne – German" lang="de"
hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty"><a
href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8"
title="भटमास – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" class="interlanguage-link-
target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et"><a
href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sojauba" title="Sojauba – Estonian" lang="et"
hreflang="et" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE
%A3%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Σόγια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el"
class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-es"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_max" title="Glycine
max – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798
badge-goodarticle" title="good article badge"><a
href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sojfabo" title="Sojfabo – Esperanto" lang="eo"
hreflang="eo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu"><a
href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soja" title="Soja – Basque" lang="eu"
hreflang="eu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa"><a
href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="‫ – سویا‬Persian"
lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target">‫<فارسی‬/a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><a
href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soja" title="Soja – French" lang="fr"
hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/P
%C3%B3naire_soighe" title="Pónaire soighe – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga"
class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-gl"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soia" title="Soia – Galician"
lang="gl" hreflang="gl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan"><a
href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E8%B1%86" title="黃豆 – Gan Chinese"
lang="gan" hreflang="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu"><a
href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AC
%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A8" title="સોયાબીન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu"
class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-hak"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B2ng-theu" title="Vòng-
theu – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" class="interlanguage-link-target">
客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko"><a
href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%A9_(%EC%A2%85)" title="콩 (종) – Korean"
lang="ko" hreflang="ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha"><a
href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waken_suya" title="Waken suya – Hausa"
lang="ha" hreflang="ha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy"><a
href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%A1" title="Սոյա –
Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi"><a
href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC
%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="सोयाबीन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi"
class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-hsb"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soja" title="Soja – Upper
Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr"><a
href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soja_(biljna_vrsta)" title="Soja (biljna vrsta)
– Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io"><a
href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyo" title="Soyo – Ido" lang="io"
hreflang="io" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo"><a
href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soya" title="Soya – Iloko" lang="ilo"
hreflang="ilo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><a
href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedelai"
title="Kedelai – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia"><a
href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soja" title="Soja – Interlingua" lang="ia"
hreflang="ia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os"><a
href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B9%C3%A6" title="Сойæ –
Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is"><a
href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sojabaun" title="Sojabaun – Icelandic"
lang="is" hreflang="is" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it"><a
href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_max" title="Glycine max – Italian"
lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he"><a
href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94" title="‫ – סויה‬Hebrew"
lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target">‫<עברית‬/a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhel
%C3%A9" title="Dhelé – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp"><a
href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soojaa" title="Soojaa – Kabiye" lang="kbp"
hreflang="kbp" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn"><a
href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE_
%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86" title="ಸೋಯಾ ಅವರೆ – Kannada" lang="kn"
hreflang="kn" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk"><a
href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B
%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B1%D2%B1%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D2%9B" title="Қытайбұршақ –
Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw"><a
href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soya" title="Soya – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw"
hreflang="rw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kinyarwanda</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw"><a
href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soya" title="Soya – Swahili" lang="sw"
hreflang="sw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr"><a
href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soja" title="Soja – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr"
hreflang="gcr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku"><a
href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soya" title="Soya – Kurdish" lang="ku"
hreflang="ku" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la"><a
href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_max" title="Glycine max – Latin"
lang="la" hreflang="la" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv"><a
href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soja" title="Soja – Latvian" lang="lv"
hreflang="lv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt"><a
href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauruotoji_soja" title="Gauruotoji soja –
Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn"><a
href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soia" title="Soia – Lingua Franca Nova"
lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca
Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu"><a
href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%B3jabab" title="Szójabab – Hungarian"
lang="hu" hreflang="hu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai"><a
href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8"
title="भटमास – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" class="interlanguage-link-
target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk"><a
href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Соја –
Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml"><a
href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AC
%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="സോയാബീൻസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml"
hreflang="ml" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr"><a
href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC
%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="सोयाबीन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr"
class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-ms"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kacang_soya" title="Kacang
soya – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa
Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min"><a
href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedelai" title="Kedelai – Minangkabau"
lang="min" hreflang="min" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/U
%C3%B2ng-d%C3%A2u" title="Uòng-dâu – Min Dong Chinese" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo"
class="interlanguage-link-target">Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-
link interwiki-mn"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80_
%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Шар буурцаг – Mongolian"
lang="mn" hreflang="mn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my"><a
href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%B2%E1%80%95%E1%80%AF
%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA" title="ပဲပု ပ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my"
class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-nl"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sojaboon" title="Sojaboon –
Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne"><a
href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8"
title="भटमास – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" class="interlanguage-link-
target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja"><a
href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BA" title="ダイズ –
Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語
</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr"><a
href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soojabuan" title="Soojabuan – Northern
Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no"><a
href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyab%C3%B8nne" title="Soyabønne – Norwegian
Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk
bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn"><a
href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyab%C3%B8nne" title="Soyabønne – Norwegian
Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk
nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc"><a
href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B2ja" title="Sòja – Occitan" lang="oc"
hreflang="oc" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz"><a
href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soya" title="Soya – Uzbek" lang="uz"
hreflang="uz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa"><a
href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%AC
%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8" title="ਸੋਇਆਬੀਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa"
class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-pnb"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7_
%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86" title="‫ – سویا بین‬Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb"
class="interlanguage-link-target">‫<پنجابی‬/a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-jam"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayabiin" title="Sayabiin –
Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl"><a
href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soja_warzywna" title="Soja warzywna – Polish"
lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><a
href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soja" title="Soja – Portuguese" lang="pt"
hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro"><a
href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soia" title="Soia – Romanian" lang="ro"
hreflang="ro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu"><a
href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suya" title="Suya – Quechua" lang="qu"
hreflang="qu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><a
href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8F" title="Соя – Russian"
lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy"><a
href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/bayduh" title="bayduh – Sakizaya" lang="szy"
hreflang="szy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa"><a
href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE
%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%83" title="सोयामाषः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa"
class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृ तम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-sco"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soya_bean" title="Soya bean
– Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq"><a
href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soja"
title="Soja – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple"><a
href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean – Simple English"
lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple
English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk"><a
href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3ja_fazu%C4%BEov%C3%A1" title="Sója
fazuľová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl"><a
href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soja" title="Soja – Slovenian" lang="sl"
hreflang="sl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb"><a
href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="‫ – سۆیا‬Central
Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" class="interlanguage-link-target">
‫<کوردی‬/a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr"><a
href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Соја –
Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски /
srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh"><a
href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soja" title="Soja – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh"
hreflang="sh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski /
српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su"><a
href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedel%C3%A9" title="Kedelé – Sundanese"
lang="su" hreflang="su" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi"><a
href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soijapapu" title="Soijapapu – Finnish"
lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv"><a
href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sojab%C3%B6na" title="Sojaböna – Swedish"
lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl"><a
href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balatong" title="Balatong – Tagalog" lang="tl"
hreflang="tl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta"><a
href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE
%85%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88" title="சோயா அவரை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta"
class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-tt"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8F" title="Соя
– Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Татарча/tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te"><a
href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%9A
%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81" title="సోయా చిక్కుడు
– Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" class="interlanguage-link-
target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th"><a
href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E
0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="ถั ่วเหลือง – Thai" lang="th"
hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr"><a
href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soya" title="Soya – Turkish" lang="tr"
hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk"><a
href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8F" title="Соя – Ukrainian"
lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur"><a
href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D9%BE%DA%BE%D9%84%DB
%8C" title="‫ – سویا پھلی‬Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" class="interlanguage-link-
target">‫<اردو‬/a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug"><a
href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%87%D8%B1" title="‫– دادۇر‬
Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" class="interlanguage-link-target">‫ ئۇيغۇرچە‬/
Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za"><a
href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duhhenj" title="Duhhenj – Zhuang" lang="za"
hreflang="za" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep"><a
href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soi" title="Soi – Veps" lang="vep"
hreflang="vep" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi"><a
href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%ADu_t%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Đậu
tương – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo"><a
href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyabon" title="Soyabon – Volapük" lang="vo"
hreflang="vo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro"><a href="https://fiu-
vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sojauba" title="Sojauba – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro"
class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-war"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soya" title="Soya – Waray"
lang="war" hreflang="war" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu"><a
href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%B1%86" title="大豆 – Wu Chinese"
lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi"><a
href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A2" title="‫– סויע‬
Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" class="interlanguage-link-target">
‫<יִידיש‬/a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue"><a href="https://zh-
yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E8%B1%86" title="黃豆 – Cantonese" lang="yue"
hreflang="yue" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><a
href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%B1%86" title="大豆 – Chinese"
lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul>
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Understanding Soy

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