KINGDOM MONERA

Irma Erika Herawati

HUBUNGAN EVOLUSIONER
 Cyanobacteria
Bakteri
• Prokariotik (ganggang hijau biru)
•Ciri umum seperti Bakteri
• Mikroskopik
• memiliki Pigmen fotosintetik
• uniseluler (Fikosianin & klorofil a)
• Reproduksi Pembelahan Biner
• Memiliki Plasmid
• Hidup bebas atau parasit Bersifat autotrof.
pada organisme lain
• Umumnya tidak berklorofil
Digolongkan Ganggang.
KINGDOM MONERA
MONERA
Kelompok I Kelompok II Kelompok III
(Bakteri saprobik) (Bakteri (Bakteri
autotrof) patogenik)
• Bakteri aerobik • Jenis – jenis • Beberapa
heterotrof, cyanobacteria bakteri
misalnya asosiatif
Pseudomonas, • Bakteri hijau oportunnis
mampu tik dari
– ungu sulfur
kelompok
mengikat
Gram (+)
nitrogen • Bakteri dan Gram
kemoautotrof (-)
• Bakteri
anaerobik
heterotrof,
mampu
berfermentasi
menghasilkan
gas metan dan
asam laktat
 CYANOBACTERIA (CHLOROXYBACTERIA)
BLUE GREEN ALGAE OR BLUE GREEN BACTERIA

Classified both under International Code of

Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) and under Bacterial
Code of Nomenclature

Traditionally:
1. Order Chroococcales
2. Order Oscillatoriales
3. Order Nostocales
4. Order Stigonematales
 Cyanobacteria: Traditional taxonomic
classification in orders
Unicells, as individual cells
1. Order Chroococcales or
colonies. Spores may occur,
never akinetes or heterocysts
Uniseriate trichomes, never
2. Order Oscillatoriales akinetes or heterocysts
unbranched or false-braching
Uniseriate trichomes, with
3. Order Nostocales akinetes and heterocysts.
Unbranched or false-
braching
Uni- or multiseriate trichomes,
4. Order Stigonematales with akinetes and heterocysts.
True branching
Cyanophyta
• Lyngbya majuscula  anti tumor
• Spirulina plantensis (syn. Arthrospira
plantensis) and Aphanizomenon flos-
aquae  food suplemen
Filum Cyanophyta
• Phyllum : Cyanophyta (blue-green algae)
Lyngbya majuscula
• Class : Cyanophyceae
• Ordo : Oscillatoriales
• Family : Oscillatoriceae
• Genus : Lyngbya
• Species : Lyngbya majuscula

In vivo antitumor effects in human xenografts (T/C 21% at 6.7

mg/kg IP daily x 5, NCI H522 non-small cell lung carcinoma; 2/6
animal deaths) as well as an interesting profile in hollow fiber
assays (NCI Total Score = 8 with a Cell Kill = 4)
Filum Cyanophyta

Scytonema endholithicum Hyella stella: a Cyanobacterium that lives

in Marine Limestone
Antitumor lyngbyabellin A dari
cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula
Antitumor lyngbyabellin A dari
cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula
 Filum
Schizophyta
 Filum Schizophyta

• Pseudomonas bromotilus (marga

Alteromonas) menghasilkan antibiotik
turunan pirol dengan 5 atom Br.
• Pigmen dari P. Magnesiorubra
• Chainia purpugena menghasilkan
antibiotic benzoantrakuinon jika
medianya mengandung Laminaria
(Phaeophyta)
• Marine Pseudomonas sp menghasilkan
antibiotic 2-n-pentil-4-kuiolinol