Professional Documents
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G.R. No. L-11897 October 31, 1964 Barrera, J.:: Fernando A. Froilan, v. Pan Oriental Shipping Company
G.R. No. L-11897 October 31, 1964 Barrera, J.:: Fernando A. Froilan, v. Pan Oriental Shipping Company
In the absence of stipulation to the contrary, the ownership of the thing sold passes
to the vendee upon the actual or constructive delivery thereof (Art. 1477, new
Civil Code). It is for this reason that Froilan was able to constitute a mortgage on
the vessel in favor of the Administration, to secure payment of the unpaid balance
of the purchase
There is no gainsaying the fact that there was continuous violation by Froilan of
the terms of said contract of sale. The records conclusively show that
notwithstanding the numerous opportunities given him, Froilan had been remiss in
the fulfillment of his obligations thereunder. Nevertheless, the lower court upheld
his allegation that the Administration may not legally rescind the contract without
filing the corresponding complaint in court.
DOCTRINE
The ruling is based on Art. 1431, which provides that through estoppel an admission or
representation is rendered conclusive upon the person making it, and cannot be denied or
disproved as against the person relying thereon.
FACTS
The parties involved were De la Rama Steamship Co. Inc., as the Plaintiff Appellee, National
Development Company as defendant-appellant.
This case is an appeal to the decision of the Court of First Instance of Manila by the
above-mentioned parties. The lower court upheld Froilan's (and Compañia Maritima's)
right to the ownership and possession of the FS-197. It was ruled that Froilan's violations
of the conditions of the contract of sale in his favor did not automatically deprive him of
his right of ownership of the vessel, which passed to him upon execution of the contract,
but merely gave rise to the Shipping Administration's right either to foreclose the
mortgage or rescind the contract by court action. As the Shipping Administration failed to
avail itself of any of these remedies, Froilan's right of ownership remained unaffected.
The court also dismissed (1) defendant's counterclaims against plaintiff Froilan and
intervenor Compañia Maritima, on the ground that it (defendant) was a possessor in bad
faith, and consequently, not entitled to damages; (2) plaintiff's counterclaims against
defendant, for the reason that the same should have been directed against intervenor
Republic of the Philippines; and (3) defendant's counterclaims said intervenor Republic,
on the ground that the order dismissing the complaint in intervention had already become
final and it was materially impossible for the latter to secure possession of the vessel.
From this decision, Pan Oriental brought the instant appeal.
Issue:
Did the lower court erred in its decision deciding in favor of Froilan?
Ruling:
1. No. The ruling of the lower court that under the contract of sale with mortgage,
ownership of the vessel passed to Froilan, upon delivery of the property to the
latter, must be sustained. It is to be noted that unlike in the charter contract where
In the absence of stipulation to the contrary, the ownership of the thing sold passes
to the vendee upon the actual or constructive delivery thereof (Art. 1477, new
Civil Code). It is for this reason that Froilan was able to constitute a mortgage on
the vessel in favor of the Administration, to secure payment of the unpaid balance
of the purchase
There is no gainsaying the fact that there was continuous violation by Froilan of
the terms of said contract of sale. The records conclusively show that
notwithstanding the numerous opportunities given him, Froilan had been remiss in
the fulfillment of his obligations thereunder. Nevertheless, the lower court upheld
his allegation that the Administration may not legally rescind the contract without
filing the corresponding complaint in court.
In the absence of any decree of legal separation or annulment, Jose and Rosario remained
legally married despite their de facto separation. For Jose to be eligible to adopt Jed and
2. No, the relationship established by the adoption is limited to the adopting parents and
does not extend to their other relatives, except as expressly provided by law. The adopted
child cannot be considered as a relative of the ascendants and collaterals of the adopting
parents, nor of the legitimate children which they may have after the adoption except that
the law imposes certain impediments to marriage by reason of adoption. Neither are the
children of the adopted considered as descendants of the adopter
Hence, there can be no dual relationship between the parties.
Ruling:
1. No. Alvin Clouse is not a former Filipino citizen but a natural born citizen of the
United States of America and that Evelyn Clouse was no longer a Filipino citizen. She
lost her Filipino citizenship when she was naturalized as a citizen of the United States in
1988.
Article 184 par. 3 of the Family Code expressly enumerates the persons who are not
qualified to adopt, viz.:
Ruling:
1. No. Well known is the rule of statutory construction to the effect that a statute clear
and unambiguous on its face need not be interpreted; stated otherwise the rule is that only
statutes with an ambiguous or doubtful meaning may be the subject of statutory
2. No, the relationship established by the adoption is limited to the adopting parents and
does not extend to their other relatives, except as expressly provided by law. The adopted
child cannot be considered as a relative of the ascendants and collaterals of the adopting
parents, nor of the legitimate children which they may have after the adoption except that
the law imposes certain impediments to marriage by reason of adoption. Neither are the
children of the adopted considered as descendants of the adopter
Hence, there can be no dual relationship between the parties.