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Financial Statement Analysis
Financial Statement Analysis
Britannia Industries Limited is one of the oldest existing companies in India. Founded in
1982, it is an Indian food and beverage company. It is headquartered in Kolkata. It is a part of
Wadia Group headed by Nusli Wadia. Britannia Industries Limited sells bakery and dairy
products through Britannia and Tiger brands throughout India and in more than 60 countries
across the world. The At present, 90% of Britannia's annual revenue of Rs 22 billion comes
from biscuits. Britannia is one of India's 100 Most Trusted brands listed in The Brand Trust
Report. Britannia has an estimated market share of 38%.
Financial Statements
Balance sheet
12 12 12
months months months
SHAREHOLDER'S FUNDS
NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
Long Term Borrowings 766.06 61.92 84.57
CURRENT LIABILITIES
ASSETS
NON-CURRENT ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS
OTHER ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
CONTINGENT LIABILITIES,
COMMITMENTS
BONUS DETAILS
NON-CURRENT INVESTMENTS
Non-Current Investments Quoted 0.00 0.00 0.00
Market Value
CURRENT INVESTMENTS
Income Statement
PROFIT & LOSS ACCOUNT MAR 20 MAR 19 MAR 18
OF BRITANNIA
INDUSTRIES (in Rs. Cr.)
12 12 12
months months months
INCOME
EXPENSES
TAX EXPENSES-
CONTINUED OPERATIONS
OTHER ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
12 12 12
months months months
1. Ratio analysis
A. Liquidity Ratio
Interpretation
a. Current Ratio: The current ratio measures the company's ability to pay short-
term and long-term obligations. The current ratio of Britannia declined during
FY 2019 and further declined during FY 2020. A decline in this ratio is
attributable to an increase in short-term debt of the company. Regardless of
the reasons, a decline in this ratio means a reduced ability to generate cash.
Acceptable current ratios vary from industry to industry and are generally
between 1 and 3 for healthy businesses. This means that Britannia would be
able to pay off its obligation if it came due at that point.
b. Quick Ratio: The quick ratio is an indicator of a company's short-term liquidity
position and measures a company's ability to meet its short-term obligations with
its most liquid assets. The quick ratio is more conservative than the Current Ratio
because it excludes inventories from current assets. The quick ratio of Britannia
declined during FY 2019 and further declined during FY 2020. A low or
decreasing quick ratio generally suggests that a company is over-leveraged,
struggling to maintain or grow sales, paying bills too quickly or collecting
receivables too slowly.
c. Absolute Quick Ratio: Absolute Quick Ratio is an even more rigorous liquidity
ratio than quick ratio. It measures the availability of cash and cash equivalents to meet
the short-term commitment of the firm. The absolute quick ratio of Britannia
declined during FY 2019 and further declined during FY 2020. The company’s
absolute quick ratio for FY 2020 is less than 1. This represents that the company’s
day-to-day cash management in a very poor light. It also shows an increase in
current liabilities of the company which led to a decrease in the ratio.
Interpretation
a. Debt-Equity Ratio: The debt-to-equity ratio is a financial ratio indicating the relative
proportion of shareholders' equity and debt used to finance a company's assets. The
Debt-Equity ratio of Britannia increased during FY 2019 and further increased during
FY 2020. An increase in this ratio suggests that the company has been aggressive in
financing its growth with debt. The company has increased its debt component for FY
2020 which lead to increase in this ratio. Generally, an idea debt-equity ratio should
be between 1 to 1.5. The ratio for Britannia is very low. A low debt-to-equity ratio
indicates a lower amount of financing by debt via lenders, versus funding through
equity via shareholders.
b. Debt Ratio: Debt Ratio is a financial ratio that indicates the percentage of a
company's assets that are provided via debt. The Debt ratio of Britannia increased
during FY 2019 and further increased during FY 2020. This is due to increase in long
term borrowings of the company. The debt ratio of Britannia is 0.2 for FY2020 which
suggests that for every 1 unit of asset, 0.2 units of asset will be funded by debt. The
firm's debt ratio is 0.2 which is under limits. The firm has 5 times of assets in
comparison to its liabilities. So, the bank can think of approving their loan as the
existing debt in the firm is not very high. Hence it will be easier for the company to
borrow money from the market.
c. Shareholder’s Equity Ratio: The shareholder equity ratio indicates how much of a
company's assets have been generated by issuing equity shares rather than by taking
on debt. The Shareholder’s equity ratio of Britannia declined during FY 2019 and
further declined during FY 2020. This shows that more of company’s assets have
been funded by debt or other methods of funding rather than equity. The shareholder’s
equity ratio for FY 2020 is 0.013895 which shows that for every Re 1 of Tangible
assets, Re 0.013 is funded by equity. Since the company’s shareholder’s equity ratio is
low, the shareholder’s will not be in a strong position at the time of liquidation.
d. Fixed Assets to long term ratio:
e. Interest Coverage Ratio: The interest coverage ratio is used to determine how easily
a company can pay its interest expenses on outstanding debt. The interest coverage
ratio of Britannia declined during FY 2018-19 and further had a rapid decline during
FY 2019-2020. This is due to decrease in the operating profit of the company during
FY 2019-2020. Moreover, it is also because of the high increase in borrowings of the
company which led to increase in interest. An interest coverage ratio of 21.56 times in
FY 2019-20 suggests that the company will be able to pay its interest obligation 10
times. A decrease in this ratio suggests decrease in operational efficiency of the
company. However, it is not very low suggesting that the company is still
operationally efficient and will have no problem paying its interest expenses during
that particular year.
f. Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio:
C. Profitability Ratios
a. Inventory Turnover Ratio: Inventory turnover is a ratio showing how many times a
company has sold and replaced inventory during a given period. The inventory turnover
ratio of Britannia had a slight decrease during FY 2018-19 and then an increase
during FY 2019-2020. This is due to increase in inventory in FY 2019 and
decrease in the same during FY 2020. The ratio for FY 2020 is 17.34 which
suggests that the company has been able to convert its inventory into sales 17.34
times a year. It is high which further suggests that the company is optimally
utilizing its inventory.
b. Inventory Conversion Period: Inventory conversion period is the number of days
withing which inventory is converted into sales. The inventory conversion period of
Britannia had a slight increase during FY 2019 and then a decrease during FY
2020. The period is high for the company which would increase the time to
complete the cash conversion cycle. It means, there will be more liquidity risk in
that level of inventory.
c. Debtors Turnover Ratio: Debtor's Turnover Ratio is an accounting measure used
to measure how effective a company is in extending credit as well as collecting
debts. The debtor’s turnover ratio of Britannia decreased at a great extent during
FY 2019 and then slightly increased during FY 2020. This is due to increase in
Trade receivables in FY 2019 and decrease in the same in FY 2020. The two main
causes of a declining ratio are changes to the company's credit policy and
increasing problems with collecting receivables on time. The debtor’s turnover
ratio even though declined is still high which suggests that the company has been
efficient in converting its debtors to cash.
d. Debtors Conversion Period: Debtor’s conversion period is the average number of days
debtors is converted into cash. The debtor’s conversion period of Britannia increased
during FY 2019 and remained unchanged during FY 2020. The increase in the
period occurred due to increase in Trade receivables for FY 2019. The period for
the company is low suggesting that the company can easily convert its debtors
into cash and hence is efficient.
e. Creditors Turnover Ratio:
f. Assets Turnover Ratio: The asset turnover ratio measures the value of a company's sales
or revenues relative to the value of its assets. The asset turnover ratio of Britannia
slightly decreased during FY 2019 and further decreased during FY 2020. This is
due to increase in the total assets of the company during FY 2019 and 2020. The
asset turnover ratio for FY 2020 is 1.74 which means that for every Re 1 worth of
asset, Re 1.74 worth of revenue is generated. The ratio for FY 2020 is low which
suggests that the company is failing to employ its assets to generate revenue.
g. Working Capital Turnover Ratio: The working capital turnover ratio indicates how
effectively a company uses the available funds for streamlined production of goods or
services. In other words, it shows the number of times a company is able to convert its
working capital into sales. The working capital turnover ratio of Britannia increased
during FY 2019 and further had a rapid increase during FY 2020. This is due to
increase in current assets of the company. The working capital ratio for FY 2020
is high suggesting that the company is operationally efficient in converting its
working capital into cash.
h. Operating Expense Ratio:
i. Operating Cycle:
A. Net Profit: The net profit increased by 17% in FY 2019 and by 4% in FY 2020.
Hence it can be seen that that percentage increase in net profit for FY 2020 was
much less than that of FY 2019. This can be due to high increase in the finance
cost of the company during FY 2020.
B. Cash from Operating Activity: The cash flow from operating activities
decreased by 7% in FY 2019 and increased by 28% in FY 2020. Hence it can be
seen that there is a significant increase in cash flow from operating activities in
FY 2020. The decrease in FY 2019 is due to decrease in the short term borrowings
of the firm whereas the increase in the cash flow from operating activities during
FY 2020 is due to the significant increase in long term borrowings i.e., the current
liabilities of the company. Moreover, it can also be due to the increase in fixed
assets which has led to an increase in depreciation and amortization expenses in
FY 2020.
C. Cash from Investing Activity: The cash flow from investing activity decreased
by 11% in FY 2019 and increased by 79% during FY 2020. Hence it can be seen
that there is a huge increase in cash flow from investing activity in 2020. This is
due to a high increase in long term investment which would further lead to an
increase in dividend received.
D. Cash from Financing Activity: The cash flow from financing activity increased
by 52% in FY 2019 and decreased by 112% in FY 2020. Hence it can be seen that
there is a huge decrease in cash flow from financing activity during FY 2020.
E. Net increase/decrease in cash and cash equivalents: The net cash and cash
equivalents decreased by 181% in FY 2019 and by 134% in FY 2020.
3. Comparative Statement Analysis
Absolute
BALANCE SHEET OF BRITANNIA INDUSTRIES (in Rs.
Mar-20 Mar-19 Mar-18 change in
Cr.)
2019
12 12 12
months months months
EQUITIES AND LIABILITIES
SHAREHOLDER'S FUNDS
827.07
NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
0
Long Term Borrowings 766.06 61.92 84.57
-22.65
0.1
-16.1
CURRENT LIABILITIES
0
203.44
TOTAL CAPITAL AND LIABILITIES 7,842.23 6,241.82 5,187.92
1053.9
ASSETS 0
NON-CURRENT ASSETS
0
Tangible Assets 1,730.84 1,550.31 1,209.43
340.88
Intangible Assets 8.37 7.62 7.97
-0.35
-115.22
678.84
CURRENT ASSETS
0
-76.6
359.58
0
NON-CURRENT INVESTMENTS
0
Non-Current Investments Quoted Market Value 0 0 0
504.89
CURRENT INVESTMENTS
0
-106.92