PLANT REPRODUCTION GRADE - 5

DEFINITION – Reproduction is the process by which a living organism produces more of its
own kind.
Reproduction in plants take place through seeds, stem, roots or leaves.
KINDS OF PLANT REPRODUCTION:
1. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS
FERTILIZATION – The process in which the male and female gametes fuse together to
form a zygote is called fertilization.
Pollen grains when fall from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the same kind of
Flower, pollen tube is developed from pollens which carries male reproductive cells
through the style of the pistil to the ovules present in the ovary now male and female
cells fuse together to form a zygote.
After fertilization :
• All the parts of the flower except the ovary becomes dry and fall off.
• Zygote → Embryo → Baby plant
• Fertilized ovules → Seeds
• Ovary → Fruit.
2. GERMINATION – It is the process in which seed grows into a young plant or seedling.
CONDITIONS NECESSARY FOR SEED GERMINATION:
Adequate light Air Water Warmth
SEEDLING: Young plant that comes out from the seed develops root and a shoot. Tiny
leaves develop on the shoot and start making food. The seedling grows to become a
new plants.
DISPERSAL OF SEEDS
SEED DISPERSAL - The process by which seeds are scattered away from the parent plant
is termed as seed dispersal.
 NEED FOR SEED DISPERSAL
• For proper growth and survival of the parent plant as well as the new plants.
• To avoid growing close to the parent plants.
• To get proper light, air, water, nutrients in the soil and space to grow.
DIFFERENT WAYS OF SEED DISPERSAL
1. DISPERSAL BY WIND:
Seeds are light weight and can be carried away to other places by wind. Eg. Dandelion
seeds have hair like structures. Maple seeds have wing like structures.
2. DISPERSAL BY WATER:
Seeds of plants that grow in or near water. Fibrous covering helps them to float in water
easily. Eg. Fruit of coconut palm
3. DISPERSAL BY ANIMALS:
Some animals and birds eat fruits, berries and nuts along with their seeds. The seeds
pass through their bodies undigested and are dispersed to other areas. Some seeds have
hooks, spines or stiff hairs which get stick to the bodies of animals and birds and are
carried away to different places.
4. DISPERSAL BY EXPLOSION OF FRUITS: Fruits like pea and balsam burst open forcefully
when they dry liberating their seeds.
OTHER WAYS OF REPRODUCTION
3. VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION: It takes place from Stem, leaves and roots
STEMS – Stem of potato, ginger, onion, rose, sugarcane, money plant and hibiscus
grow into new plants.
POTATO & GINGER -- Have special structure called bud can grow into a new plant.
ONION –It has a special structure called bulb from which new plant can develop.
4. REPRODUCTION FROM LEAVES
Buds along the margin of Bryophyllum leaves grow into new plants when they fall onto
moist soil.
5. REPRODUCTION FROM ROOTS
Carrot, turnip and sweet potato grow to develop shoots when kept in water for
 sometime. Shoots later grow into new plant.
SPORES:
Spores are special structures for reproduction in plants, which do not bear flowers and
seeds. Eg. Mosses and ferns reproduce through spores.

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