Assignment No.

1. Examples of processors and its speed.

PROCESSOR SPEED
Pentium III 450–600MHz

Athlon 450–600MHz

Pentium Pro 150–200MHz

K6-3 350–450MHz

Duron 550–700+MHz

Celeron 300–600+MHz

Pentium II Xeon 400–450MHz

Pentium III Xeon 500–1000+MHz

https://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=130978&s
eqNum=4
2. Examples of Operating systems, year introduced and
features.
● Windows XP​- is an ​operating system​ produced by ​Microsoft​ as
part of the ​Windows NT​ family of operating systems. It was the
successor to both ​Windows 2000​ for professional users
and ​Windows Me​ for home users. It was released to manufacturing
on August 24, 2001, and broadly released for retail sale on October
25, 2001.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_XP

● Windows NT-​ is a family of ​operating systems​ produced

by ​Microsoft​, the first version of which was released on July 27,
1993. It is a
processor-independent, ​multiprocessing​ and ​multi-user​ operating
system.
​https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_NT

● Windows 7​- is an ​operating system​ that was produced

by ​Microsoft​ and released as part of the ​Windows NT​ family of
operating systems. It was ​released to manufacturing​ on July 22,
2009, and became generally available on October 22 of the same
year,​[9]​ and is the operating system for use on personal
computers, including home and
business ​desktops​, ​laptops​, t​ ablet PCs​ and ​media center​ PCs.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_7

● Windows 8​- is an ​operating system​ that was produced

by ​Microsoft​, released as part of the ​Windows NT​ family of
operating systems. The product was ​released to manufacturing​ on
August 1, 2012, and ​generally to retail​ on October 26, 2012.​[6]​ It is
the successor to ​Windows 7​.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_8

● Windows 10-​ is a series of o​ perating systems​ developed

by ​Microsoft​ and released as part of its ​Windows NT​ family of
 operating systems. It is the successor to ​Windows 8.1​, released
nearly two years earlier, and was ​released to manufacturing​ on
July 15, 2015, and broadly released for the general public on July
29, 2015.

3. Brands of printers and description.

❖ Canon​- Our sleek and innovative PIXMA printers are designed to
fit right into your home and your lifestyle, with more smart
connection options than ever before. With stunning print quality,
easy to use software, enhanced connectivity and beautiful designs,
the extensive PIXMA inkjet printer range includes models to suit
both homes and small businesses. From single function printers to
productive All-In-One printers, PIXMA creates high quality
documents and photos, fast. The Wi-Fi®1 models offer easy
wireless printing from PCs, smartphones, tablets and desktops.
Meanwhile PIXMA ​Professional Photo Printers​ are the perfect
match for exceptional photography. To find out which Canon printer
is best for you visit our ​PIXMA Printer Buying Guide​.

https://shop.usa.canon.com/shop/en/catalog/printers-all-in-ones#:~
:text=a%20low%20price.-,MAXIFY's%20innovative%20technology
%20makes%20using%20your%20printer%20easier%20and%20m
ore,printing%20at%20a%20low%20price.

❖ Epson​- Designed for simplicity, Epson Ink Tank System Printers

are easy-to-use, provide incredible results and are ideal for your
everyday tasks – quality printing, copying and scanning anything
from photos to homework assignments and business needs​.

https://www.epson.com.ph/For-Home/Printers/Ink-Tank/c/itfr#:~:tex
t=Designed%20for%20simplicity%2C%20Epson%20Ink,homework
%20assignments%20and%20business%20needs​.
❖ Panasonic​- ​Panasonic's versatile All-in-One Laser Printers and
Multi Communication Centers boost the efficiency of business
work. The outstanding, high-speed, duplexing models in these
series provide the functional performance that SMB (Small and
Medium Business) users or enterprise users demand by
incorporating only the most frequently used functions from larger,
more expensive MFPs.
https://panasonic.net/cns/office/products/aio/

❖ Samsung​- This single-function Samsung ML 2161 Laser Printer

delivers you quick and easy printing solutions for your office as well
as home at the same time saving a lot of money for you. It boasts a
one touch screen print function and takes less than 8.5 seconds to
get the first print out for you. Powered by 300 MHz processor, the
laser printer supports a number of media types and offers you
complete piece of mind.
http://www.sulekha.com/printer/samsung-ml-2161-laser-printer-pric
es-and-specifications#:~:text=Processor%20and%20Memory%3A,
Print%2​0Performance%3A&text=High%20resolution%20printing%20
of%20​this,presentations%20are%20sharp%20and%20impressive.

❖ S​harp​- ​Sharp multifunctional MFPs and printers are designed to

make device setup easier and faster. These are not your typical
all-in-one copier, printing, faxing and scanning devices. Precision
engineered to help increase workflow efficiency and provide
exceptional image quality, Sharp MFPs are easier to operate,
control, monitor, manage and maintain, helping take your business
to the next level of productivity and performance.
https://amalaserline.com/printing-equipment/sharp-mfps/#:~:text=T
he%20Sharp%20multifunctional%20printer%20(MFP,copying%2C
%20faxing%20and%20scanning%20needs​.

4. Examples of Application software and its description and uses. 

 Office Applications Software- ​Office Productivity Software​, ​Business
Application Suites​, ​Businessware
DEFINITION: OOXML (Office Open Extended Markup Language),
also called Open XML, is a file format for documents, spreadsheets
and presentations that is intended for use with the 2007 and later
versions of the Microsoft Office suite. According to Microsoft, OOXML
is freely available and can be implemented by anyone using a recent
version of Windows.

Microsoft Excel​- Microsoft Excel is a software program produced by

Microsoft that allows users to organize, format and calculate data with
formulas using a spreadsheet system.
This software is part of the Microsoft Office suite and is compatible with
other applications in the Office suite. Like other Microsoft Office products,
Microsoft Excel can now be purchased through the cloud on a subscription
basis through Office 365.
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/5430/microsoft-excel#:~:text=Microsoft
%20Excel%20is%20a%20software,applications%20in%20the%20Office%20suite​.

Microsoft PowerPoint- is a powerful presentation software developed

by Microsoft. It is a standard component of the company’s Microsoft
Office suite software, and is bundled together with Word, Excel and
other office productivity tools. The program uses slides to convey
information rich in multimedia

Participants should be able to:

o Customize Color Schemes
o Add Animation effects
o Use the Slide, Notes and Hand-out Masters
o Create, Edit and Import Charts
o Create and Edit Tables
 o Manage Hyperlinks
o Create Custom Shows
o Export Outlines & Presentation Slides to Word
https://eitsc.com/workshops/using-advanced-features-of-ms-po
werpoint/

Microsoft Outlook is a ​personal information manager​ from ​Microsoft​,

available as a part of the ​Microsoft Office​ suite. Though primarily
an ​email client​, Outlook also includes such functions
as ​calendaring​, ​task managing​, ​contact
managing​, ​note-taking​, ​journal logging​, and ​web browsing​.
It can be used by individuals as a ​stand-alone application​; or by
organizations as a ​multi-user software​, through ​Microsoft Exchange
Server​ or ​SharePoint​, for such shared functions
as ​mailboxes​, ​calendars​, f​ olders​, data aggregation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Outlook#:~:text=Microsoft%
20Outlook%20is%20a%20personal,journal%20logging%2C%20and%2
0web%20browsing​.

5. Examples of supercomputers, year introduced and where it is used and located. 

▪ Jaguar​ is located at the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge

Leadership Computing Facility in Tennessee, and retains the top
spot in the latest ranking. Jaguar was upgraded last year, helping it
post a 1.75 pet flop performance speed running the Linpack
benchmark. The upgrade of Jaguar's Cray XT5 from four-core to
six-core processors, funded with $19.9 million under the Recovery
Act, will enable scientific simulations for exploring solutions to
climate change and the development of new energy technologies.
Jaguar now uses 37,376 six-core AMD Istanbul processors.

▪ The ​Roadrunner​ system at Los Alamos first appeared

at the top of the June 2008 TOP500 list, it was the
world’s first supercomputer to achieve a top
performance of more than 1 petaflop/s (1015 floating
point operations per second). This time around,
 Roadrunner recorded a performance of 1.04 pet flops,
dropping from 1.105 pet flop/s in June 2009 due to a
repartitioning of the system.

▪ Kraken​,​ another upgraded Cray XT5 system at the

National Institute for Computational Sciences (NICS),
claimed the No. 3 position with a performance of 832
teraflops. Kraken is used to enhance the efficiency of
biofuels, develop more effective climate and weather
modeling, and analyze disorders that throw the heart
out of rhythm. The NICS is a partnership between the
University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Lab.

▪ The ​Jugene​ supercomputer is housed at the Juelich

Supercomputing Centre built on IBM BlueGene/p technology. With
its 72,000 processors, Jugene is used for very compute-intensive
simulations in materials science, environmental research and
particle physics. See ​Pingdom​ for additional photos and data on
Jugene.

▪ Landing in the number 6 position in this year's Top 500 was

the ​Pleiades​ supercomputer at NASA's Ames Research Center in
Mountain View, Calif. Pleiades is an SGI Altix ICE system with
14,080 Intel Xeon quad-core processors. That comes to 56,320
cores in 110 racks, running at 544 teraflops. NASA says Pleiades
features the world's largest InfiniBand interconnect network, which
requires nearly 24 miles of cabling.

▪ Tianhe-1​ (meaning River in Sky) system installed at

the National Super Computer Center in Tianjin, China
and to be used to address research problems in
petroleum exploration and the simulation of large
aircraft designs. The Tianhe-1 is a hybrid design with
Intel Xeon processors and AMD GPUs used as
accelerators. Each node consists of two AMD GPUs
attached to two Intel Xeon processors. There's no public
 domain art of Tianhe-1, but you can visit ​China Defense
Mashup​ to view their photos.

https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/the-top-five-superco
mputers-illustrated

6. Examples of mainframes, year introduced and where it is used and

located.

IBM System z13

Launched on January 13, 2015,​[16]​[17]​ the z13 is based on the ​z13 chip​, a 5 GHz
octa-core processor. A z13 system can have a maximum of 168 Processing Unit
(PU) cores, 141 of which can be configured to the customer's specification to run
applications and operating systems, and up to 10144 GiB (usable) of ​redundant
array of independent memory​ (RAIM). Each PU can be characterized as a ​Central
Processor​ (CP), Integrated Firmware Processor (IFP), ​Integrated Facility for
Linux​ (IFL) processor, ​z Integrated Information Processor​ (zIIP), Internal ​Coupling
Facility​ (ICF) processor, additional System Assist Processor (SAP) or as a spare.
The ​z Application Assist Processor​ (zAAP) feature of previous zArchitecture
processors is now an integrated part of the z13's zIIP.​[18]
The z Systems z13s (2965 series) was introduced on February 17, 2016​[19]
The z13 and z13s are the last z Systems servers to support running an operating
system in ESA/390 architecture mode.

IBM System z14

The dual frame z14, launched in July 2017,​[10]​ and the single frame z14, launched
in April 2018,​[11]​ are based on the ​z14 chip​, a 10-core processor running at
5.2 GHz.​[12]​[13]​ A z14 system can have a maximum of 240 Processing Unit (PU)
cores, 170 of which can be configured to the customer's specification to run
applications and operating systems, and up to 32 TB usable ​redundant array of
independent memory​ (RAIM), some of which can be configured as Virtual Flash
Memory (VFM). Each PU can be characterized as a ​Central Processor​ (CP),
Integrated Firmware Processor (IFP), ​Integrated Facility for Linux​ (IFL)
processor, ​Integrated Information Processor​ (zIIP), Internal ​Coupling Facility​ (ICF)
processor, additional System Assist Processor (SAP) or as a spare. The focus of the
IBM Z systems are pervasive encryption as the z14 processor has plenty of
hardware assisted cryptography features (AES, DES, TDES, SHA, Random number
generator