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Chemical Analysis of Wood Charcoal: Standard Test Method For
Chemical Analysis of Wood Charcoal: Standard Test Method For
Chemical Analysis of Wood Charcoal: Standard Test Method For
for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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D1762 − 84 (2013)
6.2.1 All of the selected sample shall be ground; no part of NOTE 3—Individual nichrome wire baskets to hold the crucibles are
the sample shall be rejected. The sample shall be pulverized convenient.
NOTE 4—If the sparking sample does not check the results of its
rapidly in a mill. Long grinding times shall be avoided because nonsparking duplicate within 60.5 %, the analysis shall be repeated.
of generated heat which will cause loss of volatile material.
Excessive grinding will produce a large amount of fine 7.4 Ash—Place the lids and the uncovered crucible used for
particles smaller than a No. 100 (150-µm) sieve. These fine the volatile matter determination, and containing the sample in
particles contribute to errors of being swept out of the crucible the muffle furnace at 750°C for 6 h. Cool the crucibles with lids
during the rapid evolution of gases in the determination of in place in a desiccator for 1 h and weigh. Repeat burning of
volatile matter. Particles that will be retained on a No. 20 the sample until a succeeding 1-h period of heating results in a
(850-µm) sieve shall not be used. Samples with the following loss of less than 0.0005 g.
sieve analysis have been found satisfactory: 8. Calculation and Report
Passing Sieve Retained on Sieve Sample, %
8.1 Calculate the percentage of moisture in the sample as
... No. 20 (850-µm) 0 follows:
No. 20 (850-µm) No. 40 (425-µm) 14.5
No. 40 (425-µm) No. 60 (250-µm) 18.7 Moisture, % 5 @ ~ A 2 B ! /A # 3 100 (1)
No. 60 (250-µm) No. 80 (180-µm) 7.0
No. 80 (180-µm) No. 100 (150-µm) 3.4 where:
No. 100 (150-µm) ... 56.4 A = grams of air-dry sample used, and
6.2.2 The ground sample shall be well mixed and stored in B = grams of sample after drying at 105°C (7.2).
an airtight container. 8.2 Calculate the percentage of volatile matter in the sample
as follows:
7. Procedure
Volatile matter, % 5 @ ~ B 2 C ! /B # 3 100 (2)
7.1 Make duplicate determinations.
where:
7.2 Moisture—Heat the muffle furnace to 750°C and place
previously ignited porcelain crucibles (Note 1) and covers in C = grams of sample after drying at 950°C (7.3).
the furnace for 10 min. Cool the crucibles in a desiccator for 1 8.3 Calculate the percentage of ash in the sample as follows:
h. Weigh the crucibles and add to each approximately 1 g, Ash, % 5 ~ D/B ! 3 100 (3)
weighed to the nearest 0.1 mg, of the ground sample. Place the
samples in the oven at 105°C for 2 h. Place the dried samples where:
in a desiccator for 1 h and weigh (Note 2). D = grams of residue (7.4).
NOTE 1—In practice, a crucible from a previous determination is used. 8.4 Report all results to the first decimal place. Values for
NOTE 2—The sample shall be considered oven-dry when the decrease in duplicate determinations should agree within the following:
weight of consecutive weighings is 0.0005 g or less. Succeeding drying
Permissible Differences
periods shall be not less than 1 h. Constituent Determined
Between Duplicates, %
7.3 Volatile Matter—Heat the muffle furnace to 950°C.
Moisture 0.1
Preheat the crucibles used for the moisture determination, with Volatile matter 0.5
lids in place and containing the sample, as follows: with the Ash 0.1
furnace door open, for 2 min on the outer ledge of the furnace
(300°C) and then for 3 min on the edge of the furnace (500°C) 9. Precision and Bias
(Note 3). Then move the samples to the rear of the furnace for 9.1 There is currently no data available with which to
6 min with the muffle door closed. Watch the samples through develop a precision and bias statement.
a small peep-hole in the muffle door. If sparking occurs, results
will be in error (Note 4). Cool the samples in a desiccator for 10. Keywords
1 h and weigh. 10.1 ash; charcoal; moisture; volatile matter
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Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Thu May 3 15:10:04 EDT 2018
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