Dictionary

Microscope: an optical instrument used for viewing very small

objects, such as mineral samples or animal or plant cells, typically magnified
several hundred times

Plant: a living organism of the kind exemplified by trees, shrubs, herbs,

grasses, ferns, and mosses, typically growing in a permanent site, absorbing
water and inorganic substances through its roots, and synthesizing nutrients in
its leaves by photosynthesis using the Green pigment chlorophyll.
Parts of the plant: The basic parts of most land plants are roots,
stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. The function of each plant parts is
described below. Roots anchor the plants in the soil and absorb nutrients and
water that are needed by the rest of the plant.

Parts of the cell: A cell consists of three parts: the cell membrane,

the nucleus, and, between the two, the cytoplasm. Within the cytoplasm lie
intricate arrangements of fine fibers and hundreds or even thousands of
miniscule but distinct structures called organelles.

Cell: Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things. The human
body is composed of trillions of cells. ... Cells have many parts, each with a
different function.Some of these parts, called organelles, are specialized
structures that perform certain tasks within the cell.
Nucleus: Central part of a material thing.
Roots: the part of a plant which attaches it to the ground or to a support,
typically underground, conveying water and nourishment to the rest of the
plant via numerous branches and fibres.
Leaves:The leaf is the vegetative and generally flattened organ of
vascular plants, specialized mainly for photosynthesis.

Flowers: the seed-bearing part of a plant, consisting of reproductive

organs (stamens and carpels) that are typically surrounded by a brightly
coloured corolla (petals) and a green calyx (sepals).
Fruits: the sweet and fleshy product of a tree or other plant that contains
seed and can be eaten as food.
Tissue: any of the distinct types of material of which animals or plants
are made, consisting of specialized cells and their products.

Xylem: the vascular tissue in plants which conducts water and dissolved
nutrients upwards from the root and also helps to form the woody element in
the stem.

Phloem: the vascular tissue in plants which conducts sugars and other
metabolic products downwards from the leaves.

human blood: Blood is a liquid connective tissue, which circulates

through capillaries, veins and arteries of all vertebrates. Its characteristic red
color is due to the presence of the hemoglobin pigment contained in red blood

cells.

bacteria: Bacteria are prokaryotic microorganisms that are a few

micrometers in size and various shapes, including spheres, rods, curved and
helical filaments.

animal cell: An animal cell is a type of eukaryotic cell that makes up

the various tissues of animals.

plant cell: A plant cell is the type of eukaryotic cell that many plant
tissues are composed of. Often, it is described with the features of a cell from

the parenchyma of a vascular plant.

eucaryotic cell: Eukaryotic cells are cells that contain a nucleus and
organelles, and are enclosed by a plasma membrane. Organisms that have
eukaryotic cells include protozoa, fungi, plants and animals. These organisms
are grouped into the biological domain Eukaryota. Eukaryotic cells are larger
and more complex than prokaryotic cells, which are found in Archaea
and Bacteria, the other two domains of life.

procaryotic cell: In biology and taxonomy, Eukaryota or Eukarya is

the domain that includes organisms made up of cells with a true nucleus. The
proper Castilianization of the term is eukaryotic or eukaryotic.

Mitochondria: Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles

responsible for supplying most of the energy necessary for cellular activity,
acting as the powerhouse of the cell and synthesizing ATP at the expense of

metabolic fuels.

Vacuole: A vacuole is a cellular organelle present in all eukaryotic plant

cells. It also appears in some prokaryotic and eukaryotic animal cells.

Osmosis: Osmosis or osmosis is a physical phenomenon related to the

movement of a solvent through a semi-permeable membrane. Such behavior
assumes a simple diffusion through the membrane, without wasting energy.

Hypotesis: For example someone performing experiments on plant

growth might report this hypothesis: "If I give a plant an unlimited amount of
sunlight, then the plant will grow to its largest possible size.

Big Bang: In cosmology, the Big Bang, also called The Big Bang, is
understood to be the beginning of the universe, that is, the initial point at
which matter, space and time were formed. According to the standard
cosmological model, the Big Bang took place about 13.8 billion years ago.
Active transport: In cell biology, active transport is the movement
of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a
region of higher concentration, against the concentration gradient. Active
transport requires cellular energy to achieve this movement.

Passive transport: Passive transport is a movement of

biochemical, atomic, or molecular substances through cell membranes without
the need for energy overload. Unlike active transport, it does not require an
input of cellular energy, because it is a change driven by the growth of the
entropy of the system

Meristem: Within plant tissues, meristematic tissues are responsible for

plant growth. Its cells are small, polyhedral in shape, thin-walled, and small,
abundant vacuoles. It is characterized by always staying young and little

differentiated
Energy: The term energy has different meanings and definitions, related
to the idea of a capacity to act, arise, transform or set in motion. In physics,
energy is defined as the ability to do work. In technology and economics,
"energy" refers to a natural resource.

Cell Wall: The cell wall is a strong and rigid layer that supports
osmotic forces and growth, and is located on the outside of the plasma
membrane in cells of plants, fungi, algae, bacteria and archaea.
Golgi aparatus: The Golgi apparatus is an organelle present in all
eukaryotic cells that belongs to the endomembrane system.

Theory: A theory is a logical-deductive system made up of a set of

proven hypotheses, a field of application and some rules that allow the
extraction of consequences from the hypotheses.

Cosmos: Universe or set of things that exist, especially conceived as an

ordered whole, as opposed to chaos

hyperonic: Tonicity is a measure of the effective osmotic pressure
gradient; The water potential of two solutions separated by a semipermeable
cell membrane. In other words, tonicity is the relative concentration of solutes
dissolved in solution that determine the direction and extent of diffusion.

Diffusion: Diffusion is an irreversible physical process, it consists of

the net flow of atoms, ions or other species within a material, the particles
move from a region of high concentration to an area of low concentration until
obtaining a uniform distribution.
Isotonic: An isotonic medium or solution is one in which the
concentration of solute is the same outside and inside a cell. In hematology,
solutions that have the same salt concentration as red blood cells are said to be
isotonic.

Endopaslmatic reticulum: in biology, a continuous

membrane system that forms a series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm of
eukaryotic cells and serves multiple functions, being important particularly in
the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins.
Autropich: An autotroph is an organism that can produce its own food
using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals. Because autotrophs
produce their own food, they are sometimes called producers. Plants are the
most familiar type of autotroph, but there are many different kinds of
autotrophic organisms.