CONDITIONAL SENTENCES / IF CLAUSES

A conditional sentence has two clauses: the “If Clause” and the answer to the “If Clause”
There are three types:
1. Type 1 = possible future
(If + Present) + (Present Future)
Examples:
A: What are doing here?
B: I have been here for almost 1 hour waiting for Dina.
A: She is out now. She has to collect the assignment. I don’ know what tine she
Will be here. I will give your message if she is here.
B: Thank you for your help.

- If it rains, I shall stay at home.

- He will help you if you ask him
- If you pass, I will give you a bicycle

The “If Clauses” relate to the future time. The “If Clauses” relating to the future time are
answered by the Future Tense.

Unless is if not

1. If you don’t do this, you will not be in class.

Unless you do this, you will not be in class.
2. He will be sorry if he doesn’t do what I have told him.
He will be sorry unless he does what I have told him.
Can you explain these sentences?
If the children are naughty, they are punished.
I will give you a bicycle if you pass.
I will give you a bicycle when you pass.

2. Type 2 = Unreal Present / it is not true now.

(If + Past) + (Past Future/Would)
 Examples:

X: Who is absent today?

Y: Duma Sir.
X: If she were here, I would give her the result of the speech contest.
Is she sick?
Y: Yes. She needs to take a rest.

If he worked hard, he would be promoted.

There would be no wars if people loved one another.
You would pass if you studied regularly.
If the walls were not high, we would see the trees in the garden.

The meaning of this type is different from the fact. It is imaginary.

If he worked hard means he doesn’t work hard. There is no promotion for him then.

If the walls were not high means they are high. We cannot see the trees in the garden.

If people love one another means they don’t. There are wars then.

3. Type 3 = Unreal Past/ It was not true in the past.

(If + Past Perfect) + (Past Future Perfect)
Past Perfect: S + had + V 3 + 0
Past Future Perfect: S + would have + V 3 + O

Examples:

P: Did you join the seminar last week?

Q: No, I was sick at that time. Why?
P: It was so interesting. The speaker was our friend, Fasya.
If you had been there, you would have met him.
Q: Yes, you are right. If I had not been sick, I would have met him.

This would not have happened if you had been there.

If you had done your homework, you would not have been punished.
If it had not rained, I would have been here on time.

In type 3, all of the “If Conditions“ did not really happen and therefore the answers of
these conditions were not fulfilled.
If you had done your homework means you did not do your homework.
You would not have been punished means you were punished.
If it had not rained means it rained.
I would have been here on time means I was not here on time.

Exercises.
I. Give the correct form of the verbs in the brackets so that they agree with their
conditions. Underlines the verbs you fill in.
1. If he goes to the cinema early, he (get) the tickets.
2. If it (rain), we will not able to play tennis.
3. What would you buy if father (give) you twenty dollars?
4. If you went out in the rain without an umbrella, you (get) wet.
5. If I had had enough money, I (buy) a camera.
6. He (catch) the train if he had arrived at the station five minutes earlier.
7. Our teacher would get angry if we (not do) our homework.
8. We would be able to overtake that bus if our driver (drive)faster.
9. He (see) the mistake if he had checked his paper carefully.
10. If I (know) his address I would have given it to you.
11. Father (punish) me if I did not study.
12. She will the train if she (not leave) early.
13. If mother (see) Henry, she will give him your message.
14. Tari will visit Bandung with her friends if her father (allow) her to do so.
15. If he drank the medicine regularly, he (get) better soon.
16. She (visit)you if she had known you were ill.
17. If everybody had done their homework, the (punish) them.
18. If the weather is fine this evening, we will (take) a walk.
19. If the tailor (finish) my coat in time I will go to the party.
20. I would have come sooner if I (know) you were here.
21. If he had the time, he (help) you.
22. This cup would have fallen if I (not catch) it.
23. If the manger is not in, I (return) later.
24. We will not pass unless (study) harder.
25. Unless it (rain) soon, the crops will suffer.

II. Complete the following with your own words.

1. The coffee will get cold if ….
2. I would have come yesterday if ….
3. Unless the doctor arrives soon, the patient ….
4. If he worked harder ….
5. If I were you, ….
6. She will help me with my homework if ….
7. If we had known he was away, ….
8. We would have a vacation if ….
9. If someone had not warned me, ….
10. I would lend you the money you require if ….