Electric Vehicle Boot Camp-Day 1

INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRIC VEHICLES

1. What is an Electric vehicle?

2. History of Electric vehicles?

 Types of Electric vehicles
Hybrid Electric Vehicles :
Combined conventional internal combustion engine with an electric propulsion system. The internal combustion
engine does most of the work, while the electric motor assists the engine, with its main purpose being to increase the
fuel economy.

PHEVs (plug-in hybrid electric vehicles):

use batteries to power an electric motor, plug into the electric grid to charge, and use a petroleum-based or alternative
fuel to power the internal combustion engine.

BEV: They are fully-electric vehicles with rechargeable batteries and no gasoline engine. Battery electric vehicles
store electricity onboard with high-capacity battery packs. Their battery power is used to run the electric motor and all
onboard electronics.
Functionality of key components of HEV, PHEV, & BEV
Operating modes and Basic architecture of EVs
Electric Vehicle Boot Camp-Day 2
Introduction to vehicle propulsion
1. What is a vehicle propulsion system?

2. What are the important components of Electric

propulsion system?
Electric motors:

converts the electric energy into mechanical energy to propel the vehicle, or vice versa, to enable
regenerative braking and/or to generate electricity for charging the on-board energy storage.
The power Inverter/ converter :
It is used to supply the electric motor with proper voltage and current.
Brush less motor to remove
electrical noise and improvised
version
Series Wound DC motor and basic electrical layout

1. Field coil to generate a magnetic field

with a coil of wire through which the
current flows
Brushless DC motors

1.The Rotor of a BLDC motor is a permanent magnet

2.The coil of the stator is given DC power to make the coil an electromagnet
3.So, it’s the interaction of permanent magnet and electromagnet
4. So let’s say, coil A is south pole and rotor is north pole, the rotor rotates anti-clockwise when coil A is
energized
5.Then coil B is energized, and the rotor rotates further anti-clockwise, so the rotor continues to rotate as
the coils are energized resulting in torque and power output.
Induction motors
Electric Vehicle Boot Camp-Day 3
INTRODUCTION TO EV BATTERY
Questions:
1. What is an Electrochemical battery
2. A guide to understand battery specifications
A typical electro chemical Battery cell

A Few important Battery specifications:

1. Cell, modules, and pack
2. C-and E-rates (remember capacity is different from c-rate)

A six 2V cells in series for a

typical lead acid battery A Few important Battery specifications related to Battery Condition:
1. State of Charge (SOC %) -> How close to full

2. Depth of Discharge (DOD %)-> How close to empty

Easy calculation for battery capacity:
Amp -hours are a measure of how much energy a battery can store. A 600 amp-hour battery can (in theory) deliver a
current of 20 amperes for 30 hours. (20 amperes times 30 hours = 600 amp-hours .) Or 100 amperes for 6 hours
Electro chemical reactions:

Discharging:

Charging at anode (-ve charge and Cathode (+ve charge) :

Discharging Charging Overall reaction

Gibbs free energy: The energy associated with a chemical reaction that can be used to do work.
H=Enthalpy( total heat content of the system)
T=Temperature
S=Entropy (unavailability of a system's thermal energy for
conversion into mechanical work)

Electro chemical reaction for Li-Ion batteries: While the battery is discharging and providing an electric current, the anode
releases lithium ions to the cathode, generating a flow of electrons from anode to cathode. When charging, the opposite
happens
Specific Energy:
The specific energy of a battery is a measure of how much energy a battery contains in comparison to its weight, and is
typically expressed in Watt-hours/kilogram
The Energy Density:
The energy density of a battery is a measure of how much energy a battery contains in comparison to its volume, and is
typically expressed in Watt-hours/liter (W-hr/l)
Li-Ion Battery
Advantages:
1.Size and Weight
2.High Voltage
3.High energy density and Lower rate of self-discharge
4.Better cycle life

1. Cathode Chemistries (with LFP,NMC,LCO,LMO)

2. Anode chemistries (wit LTO)
Few other basic concepts related to Li-ion:
1.BMS
2.Thermal Management of Li-Ion
3. Packaging and recycling