Republic of the Philippines

Sto. Tomas College of Agriculture, Science and Technology

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The Study of Visceral Organ of Broiler Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) with
Comparison to Commercial Feed Stuff and Formulated Feeds Stuff

Redillas, Ferdjaymer T.
Rodriguez, April Joy P.

May 2020
Introduction

Over the last few decades, broiler chicken performance has improved
considerably, mainly as a result of selection for improved feed conversion and rapid rate
of growth. The growth period was considerably reduced (to 5 or 6 weeks) and the
proportion of breast muscle in the chicken body/carcass increased with a decrease in
heart percentage (Schmidt, et al., 2009).

The selection of broiler chickens for rapid growth has a considerable influence on
the development of muscle tissue and of the circulatory, digestive and nervous systems.
In a study by Schmidt et al. (2009), the liver matured earlier and jejunal and ileal
sections of the intestine were 20% longer in a modern broiler line compared to a
heritage line unselected since the early 2 0th century. In another study, (Lumpkins et al.
2010) showed that different genetic lines of broiler chickens have varying rates of
intestinal development. Relatively shorter and lighter jejunum, ileum and duodenum
were found in modern HY (high-yield) and MP (multipurpose) strains than in slow-
growing ACR chickens.

Based on a review of the literature on digestive tract morphology and

morphometry in birds, (Xander, 2012) found considerable individual variation in
digestive tract structure, which is the result of numerous factors. One of the most
important is the type and amount of food ingested. Others include body size, species,
breed, sex, age, health, and physiological status of the birds. Changes in digestive tract
structure mainly concern the weight, length, and width of the different segments.

The purpose of the study is to determine the body weight and dimensions, body
conformation, length of the digestive tract or its visceral organs and the measure of its
segment lines.
Objectives of the Study

 To measure the Visceral Organ of Broiler Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)

with Comparison to Commercial Feed Stuff and Formulated Feeds Stuff To
determine the weight of Visceral Organ of Broiler Chicken (Gallus gallus
domesticus) with Comparison to Commercial Feed Stuff and Formulated Feeds
Stuff
 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The use of local ingredients in reducing the cost of feed is widely utilized.
However, their use for poultry is limited because of high crude fiber content. This is due
to poultry has limitation to digest crude fiber, such as cellulose and hemicelluloses (Yosi
et al., 2016).

Local ingredient is widely used as an inoculum in fermentation processes of

poultry feedstuff (Khempaka et al., 2014).

In addition (Sandi et al., 2016), the local feed ration ingredient is also used as a
feed supplement in poultry rations that can stimulate the growth process (Yalçın et al.,
2013). The use of ingredient such as ipil-ipil leaf meal, molasses, and corn meal in the
feed has been widely studied and has a significant effect on performance and
physiological responses to poultry, such as increasing the immune response.

Consequently, aeration and mass transfer processes in the metabolism of

microbes are inhibited. By knowing the optimal moisture content in the fermentation
process of locally sourced rations, it is expected that the growth of S. cerevisiae to be
better so that the nutritional digestibility of the ration is increasing. It is known that the
high nutrient digestibility will affect the activity of visceral organs and digestive tract,
which can be measured by weight changes (Hetland et al., 2009).

In addition, this will also affect the increase of erythrocyte numbers, hemoglobin
and hematocrit (Huff et al., 2010), as well as stimulate the immune system to generate
more antibodies (Shant et al., 2013). Based on this, further studies to find out the effect
of feeding the local ration with different moisture content on chicken’s performances
need to be implemented.
 Materials and Method

Facilities and Equipment

Measuring tape
Stainless cutting knife
Stainless Strainer
Weighing Scale
 Result and Discussion

At the end of 42 days, two broiler were randomly selected from each replicate
and subjected to carcass and body organ evaluation. The feed was withheld for 6 hours
before slaughter to ensure emptying of the digestive tract. Carcass and body organ
responses were evaluated in terms of dressing percentage, breast, thigh, abdominal fat,
gizzard, proventriculus, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, bursa, gallbladder,
intestine, and lung weights, and for the shank and intestine lengths. The carcass and
body organ weights were taken on a fresh basis. Dressing percentage (DP) was
calculated by dividing dressed weight, without viscera, by live weight and multiplied by
100. The weight of the abdominal fat pad was expressed as DP (without visceral
weight), while the weights of other body organs (gizzard, proventriculus, heart, liver,
kidney, spleen, pancreas, bursa, gall bladder, lungs, and intestine) were taken as a
percentage of dressing weight (with visceral weight). Intestinal length was measured (in
centimeters) from the start of the duodenal loop to the ileocaecal junction.
 Conclusion and Recommendation

Organ weights of the proventriculus, heart, liver, pancreas, gall bladder, lungs,
and intestinal and shank lengths were measured and found to be non-significant. In
contrast, weights (% of dressed weight) of gizzard, kidney, spleen and bursa
significantly changed. Gizzard weight was increased linearly with increasing levels from
0.17 to 0.44% (P ≤ 0.05; main effect). Therefore, the researchers must continue to
gather data in accordance of using commercial feed stuff than the normal formulated
feed stuff.

Reference:
Hetland, H., B. Svihus and M. Choct, 2005. Role of insoluble fiber on gizzard activity in
layers. J. Applied Poult. Res., 14: 38-46. DOI: 10.1093/japr/14.1.38

Huff, G.R., W.E. Huff, M.B. Farnell, N.C. Rath and F. Solis de los Santos et al., 2010.
Bacterial clearance, heterophil function and hematological parameters of transport-
stressed turkey poults supplemented with dietary yeast extract. Poult. Sci., 89: 447-456.
DOI:10.3382/ps.2009-00328

Yosi, F., S. Sandi, Miksusanti, N. Rofiq and Sutejo, 2016. Nutrient digestibility in
pegagan ducks fed diet containing locally sourced ingredients fermented with yeast
inoculum. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 15: 103-110. DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2016.103.110