1.

The first product of fertilization is:

5. All of the following are
a) Oocyte
steps of spermatogenesis
b) Zygote
except:
c) Macula
a) Spermatogonium divides by
d) Blastocyst mitotic division giving
2. All of the following concerning male spermatogonia.
testis are true except: b) Secondary spermatocyte
a) Contains 1-3 seminefrous gives 2 spermatids by mitotic
tubules (structural unit) division.
b) Divided into 250 lobes. c) Spermatids are converted to
c) Formed of Sertoli cells spermatozoa by
and spermatogonia spermiogenesis
d) Spermatogonia are supporting cells d) None of the above
and assist in the release of mature 6. Concerning oogenesis which
sperms of the following is not true:
3. Which of the following is the a) It is differentiation of an oogonia
narrowest part of the female present in the medulla into mature
uterine tube? ova.
a) Ampulla b) Oogenesis passes into two
b) Fimbriated end stages of maturation.
c) Interstitial part c) In the prenatal maturation process
d) Isthmus the oogonia is surrounded by
4. Which of the following is not follicular cells derived from the
considered one of the female epithelial covering of the ovary
external genitalia? d) Zona pellucid in the postnatal
a) Mons pubis maturation phase is secreted
b) Labia minora by granulose cells.
c) Vestibule 7. T or F: In oogenesis the primary
d) Uterus oocyte is arrested at the prophase of
the first meiotic division due to the
presence of the Meiosis stimulatory
factor.
8. Which of the following concerning 12. Concerning luteal phase of the
mature ovum is not true? ovarian cycle which of the
a) The ooplasm contains nutritive following is true:
material that nourishes the embryo. a) Occurs at about day 14
b) Nucleus of the ovum is called germinal b) Formation of the corpus luteum
spot while nucleolus is named occurs in this phase.
germinal vesicle. c) In this phase the corpus luteum
c) The ovum’s life span is 1-3 days. secretes estrogen hormone mainly.
d) The ovum has 2 d) All of the above
membranes surrounding 13. One of the following hormones
it. helps in maintaining the corpus
9. The sperm in comparison to the ovum luteum if fertilization occurs:
is:
a) Human chorionic
a) Larger in size
somatomammotropi
b) Has more abundant cytoplasm
n.
c) Less motile
b) Human chorionic gonadotropin
d) Has 2 types of chromosomes
c) Estrogen
10. Which of the following is not a
d) Progestrone
characteristic of the follicular stage 14. The only layer which is not shed
of the ovarian cycle?
during menstruation is:
a) Formation of the membrane granulosa
a) Stratum basale
.
b) Stratum compactum
b) Secretion of the zona pellucid
c) Stratum spongiosum
c) Formation of the follicular antrum
d) None of the above.
d) None of the above
15. All of the following are contents
11. One of the following is not a factor
of the menstrual flow except:
from the factors causing ovulation:
a) RBC and WBC
a) Increase in the levels of
b) Desquamated endometrium
luetenizing hormone.
c) Cervical mucus and vaginal cells.
b) Degeneration of the ovarian surface
d) None of the above
c) Increase in the intrafollcular pressure.
d) Muscular contraction of the ovarian
wall.
e) None of the above
16. The stage of the menstrual cycle 21. One the following is not a
that is under the influence of result of fertilization:
progesterone hormone is: a) Restoration of diploid number
a) Progestational phase of chromosomes
b) Proliferative phase b) Determination of the chromosomal
c) Menstural phase sex of the embryo
d) All of the stages c) Meiotic cell division of the zygote
17. HCG hormone is secreted by which d) A & C
of the following: 22. Embryonic stem cells are derived from:
a) Syncitiotrophoblast a) Inner cell mass
b) Cytotrophoblast b) Outer cell mass
c) Corpus luteum c) Zona pellucida
d) Corpus haemorragicum d) Morula
18. Fertilization is the process of formation 23. Implantation occurs at the …… day after
of a: fertilization:
a) Zygote a) 4th
b) Macula b) 5th
c) Blastocyst
c) 6th
d) None of the above d) 7th
19. Fertilization of an ovum occurs in: 24. Ectopic pregnancy is:
a) Ampulla of fallopian tube a) Abnormal fertilization
b) Isthmus of fallopian tube b) Normal fertilization
c) Infundibulum of fallopian tube c) Abnormal implantation
d) None of the above d) Normal implantation
20. Sperm must undergo the following
25. The type of placenta that lies in the
reaction/s to be able to fertilize an lower segment but does not
ovum: encroach on the internal os of the
a) Capacitaion cervical canal is:
b) Acrosome reaction a) Placenta paritalis
c) A & B b) Placenta marginalis
d) None of the above c) Placenta centralis
d) None of the above
26. One of the following is not a part of 30. Folding of the embryo occurs by the
the deciduas: end of the …… week:
a) Decidua basalis a) 2nd
b) Decidua centralis b) 3rd
c) Decidua paritalis c) 4th
d) Decidua marginalis d) 5th
27. One of the following changes does 31. Which of the following is a result of
not occur in the 2nd week of folding of the embryo?
development of the embryo: a) Embryo is constricted at the yolk sac
a) Trophoblast differentiate into 2 layers b) Brain forms most of the cephalic part of
b) Inner cell mass differentiate into 3 the embryo
layers c) Formation of the umbilical cord and the
c) Primary mesoderm splits into allantois
somatopleuric and d) Heart becomes ventral in position
splancopleuric primary e) All of the above
mesoderm 32. Which of the following is a
d) None of the above major characteristic of
28. One of the following structures is meiosis I?
not an Ectodermal derivative: a) Splitting of the centromere
a) Enamel of teeth b) Pairing of
b) Internal ear homologous
c) Lens of eye chromosomes
d) Urogenital system c) Reducing the amount of DNA
29. The urinary system is a derivative of to 1N
one of the following layers: d) Achieving the diploid
a) Paraximal mesoderm number of chromosomes
b) Intermediate mesoderm e) Producing primordial
c) Lateral mesoderm germ cells
d) None of the above
33. A normal somatic cell contains a total
of 46 chromosomes. What is the
normal complement of
chromosomes found in a sperm?
a) 22 autosomes plus a
sex chromosome
b) 23 autosomes plus a
sex chromosome
c) 22 autosomes
d) 23 autosomes
e) 23 paired autosomes
34. Which of the following describes
the number of chromosomes and
amount of DNA in a gamete?
a) 46 chromosomes, 1N
b) 46 chromosomes, 2N
c) 23 chromosomes, 1N
d) 23 chromosomes, 2N
e) 23 chromosomes, 4N
35. Which of the following chromosome
compositions in a sperm normally
results in the production of a genetic
female if fertilization occurs?
a) 23 homologous pairs
of chromosomes
b) 22 homologous pairs
of chromosomes
c) 23 autosomes plus an
X chromosome
d) 22 autosomes plus a
Y chromosome
e) 22 autosomes plus an
X chromosome
36. In the process of meiosis, DNA
replication of each chromosome
occurs, forming a structure
consisting of two sister chromatids
attached to a single centromere.
What is this structure?
a) A duplicated chromosome
b) Two chromosomes
c) A synapsed chromosome
d) A crossover chromosome
e) A homologous pair
37. A young woman enters puberty with
approximately 40,000 primary
oocytes in her ovary. About how
many of these primary oocytes will
be ovulated over the entire
reproductive life of the woman?
a) 40,000
b) 35,000
c) 400
d) 48
e) 12
38. How much DNA does a
primary spermatocyte
contain?
a) 1N
b) 2N
c) 4N
d) 6N
e) 8N
39. During meiosis, pairing of
homologous chromosomes occurs,
which permits large segments of
DNA to be exchanged. What is this
process called?
a) Synapsis
b) Nondisjunction
c) Alignment
d) Crossing over
e) Disjunction
40. During ovulation, the secondary
oocyte resides at what specific
stage of meiosis?
a) Prophase of meiosis I
b) Prophase of meiosis II
c) Metaphase of meiosis I
d) Metaphase of meiosis II
e) Meiosis is completed at the
time of ovulation
41. Concerning maturation of the
female gamete (oogenesis), when
do the oogonia enter meiosis I and
undergo DNA replication to form
primary oocytes?
a) During fetal life
b) At birth
c) At puberty
d) With each ovarian cycle
e) Following fertilization
42. When does a secondary oocyte
complete its second meiotic division
to become a mature ovum?
a) At ovulation
b) Before ovulation
c) At fertilization
d) At puberty
e) Before birth
43. How soon after fertilization occurs
within the uterine tube does the
blastocyst begin implantation?
a) Within minutes
b) By 12 hours
c) By day 1
d) By day 2
e) By day 7
44. Which of the following events is
involved in cleavage of the zygote
during week 1 of development?
a) A series of meiotic
divisions forming
blastomeres
b) Production of highly
differentiated
blastomeres
c) An increased
cytoplasmic content of
blastomeres
d) An increase in size
of blastomeres
e) A decrease in size
of blastomeres
45. Which of the following structures
must degenerate for blastocyst
implantation to occur?
a) Endometrium in
progestational phase
b) Zona pellucida
c) Syncytiotrophoblast
d) Cytotrophoblast
e) Functional layer of
the endometrium
46. Which of the following is the origin of
the mitochondrial DNA of all human
adult cells?
a) Paternal only
b) Maternal only
c) A combination of paternal
and maternal
d) Either paternal or maternal
e) Unknown origin
47. Individual blastomeres were isolated
from a blastula at the 4-cell stage.
Each blastomere was cultured in vitro
to the blastocyst stage and
individually implanted into four
pseudopregnant foster mothers.
Which of the following would you
expect to observe 9 months later?
a) Birth of one baby
b) Birth of four genetically different
babies
c) Birth of four genetically identical
babies
d) Birth of four grotesquely
deformed babies
e) No births
48. In oogenesis, which of the following
events occurs immediately following
the completions of meiosis II?
a) Degeneration of the
zona pellucida
b) Sperm penetration of
the corona radiata
c) Formation of a
female pronucleus
d) Appearance of the blastocyst
e) Completion of cleavage
49. Which of the following components
plays the most active role in
invading the endometrium during
blastocyst implantation?
a) Epiblast
b) Syncytiotrophoblast
c) Hypoblast
d) Extraembryonic
somatic mesoderm
e) Extraembryonic
visceral mesoderm
50. Between which two layers is
the extraembryonic mesoderm
located?
a) Epiblast and hypoblast
b) Syncytiotrophoblast
and cytotrophoblast
c) Syncytiotrophoblast
and endometrium
d) Exocoelomic membrane
and syncytiotrophoblast
e) Exocoelomic membrane
and cytotrophoblast
51. During week 2 of development, e) Within the epiblast
the embryoblast receives its
nutrients via
a) Diffusion
b) Osmosis
c) Reverse osmosis
d) Fetal capillaries
e) Yolk sac nourishment
52. Which of the following are
components of the definitive chorion
?
a) Extraembryonic
somatic mesoderm
and epiblast
b) Extraembryonic somatic
mesoderm and
cytotrophoblast
c) Extraembryonic
somatic mesoderm
and
syncytiotrophoblast
d) Extraembryonic somatic
mesoderm, cytotrophoblast,
and syncytiotrophoblast
e) Extraembryonic visceral
mesoderm, cytotrophoblast,
and syncytiotrophoblast
53. At what location does the amniotic
cavity develop?
a) Between the
cytotrophoblast and
syncytiotrophoblast
b) Within the extraembryonic
mesoderm
c) Between the endoderm
and mesoderm
d) Within the hypoblast
54. At the end of week 2 of development
(day 14), what is the composition
of the embryonic disk?
a) Epiblast only
b) Epiblast and hypoblast
c) Ectoderm and endoderm
d) Ectoderm, mesoderm,
and endoderm
e) Epiblast, mesoderm,
and hypoblast
55. Which germ layers are present at the
end of week 3 of development (day 21
)?
a) Epiblast only
b) Epiblast and hypoblast
c) Ectoderm and endoderm
d) Ectoderm, mesoderm,
and endoderm
e) Epiblast, mesoderm,
and hypoblast
56. Which process establishes
the three definitive germ
layers?
a) Neurulation
b) Gastrulation
c) Craniocaudal folding
d) Lateral folding
e) Angiogenesis
 his face and
57. The first indication of gastrulation
in the embryo is
a) Formation of the primitive
streak
b) Formation of the notochord
c) Formation of the neural tube
d) Formation of
extraembryonic mesoderm
e) Formation of tertiary chorionic
villi
58. Intermediate mesoderm will give rise
to the
a) Neural tube
b) Heart
c) Kidneys and gonads
d) Somites
e) Notochord
59. The lateral mesoderm is divided
into two distinct layers by the
formation of the
a) Extraembryonic coelom
b) Intraembryonic coelom
c) Cardiogenic region
d) Notochord
e) Yolk sac
60. The epiblast is capable of forming
which of the following germ layers?
a) Ectoderm only
b) Ectoderm and mesoderm only
c) Ectoderm and endoderm only
d) Ectoderm,
mesoderm,
endoderm
e) Mesoderm and endoderm
only
61. A male newborn has a hemangioma
on the left frontotemporal region of
 scalp. The cells forming the
hemangioma are derived from which
of the following cell layers?
a) Ectoderm only
b) Mesoderm only
c) Endoderm only
d) Ectoderm and mesoderm
e) Endoderm and mesoderm
62. Which structure is derived from the
same embryonic primordium as the
dorsal root ganglia?
a) Gonads
b) Kidney
c) Pineal gland
d) Liver
e) Adrenal medulla
63. Which structure is derived from the
same embryonic primordium as the
kidney?
a) Gonads
b) Epidermis
c) Pineal gland
d) Liver
e) Adrenal medulla
64. Chromosomes move apart during
meiosis in which stage?
a) Leptotene
b) Zygotene
c) Pachytene
d) Diplotene
e) Diakinesis
65. Supporting cells of 69. Which of the following has a haploid
spermatogenesis are called: no. of chromosomes:
a) Spermatid
a. Primary spcrmatocyte
b) Secondary spermatocyte
b. Lst polar body
c) Sertoli cells
d) All of the above c. Primary oocyte
e) None of the above d. Secondary oocyte
66. When blood vessels appear in the e. Spermatid
core of the villus it is called: 70. All are derived from primordial germ
a. Primary villus cells, except:
b. Secondary villus a. Corona radiata
c. Tertiary villus b. Ovum
d. Definitive villus c. 2nd polar body
e. None of the above d. Spermarid
67. Structure not forming placental e. 1st polar body
barrier is:
71. Acrosome cap is derived from:
a. Fibrinoid tissue
a. Mitochondria
b. Connective tissue
b. Golgi apparatus
c. Cytotrophoblast
c. Microtubules
d. Syncytiotrophoblast
d. ER
e. Endothelium of maernal
e. Nucleus
blood vessels
72. Which of the following is derived
68. Gastrulation is:
from granulosa cells:
a. Differentiation of blastocyst
a. 1st polar body
into bilaminar disc
b. Zona pellucida
b. Differentiation of morula into
c. 2nd polar body
blastocyst
d. Ovum
c. Differentiation of bilaminar disc
e. Corona radiata
into trilaminar disc
d. Folding of trilaminar disc
e. None of the above
73. True regarding ectopic pregnancies
76. True regarding ovulation are all, except:
are:
a. Ovulation entails rupture of
a. The implantation site is outside
secondary follicle
the uterine cavity b. Ovulation follows LH surge
b. 95% occur in fallopian tubes c. Ovulation precedes
c. Ruptured ectopic is associated increased progesterone
with shock secretion
d. Previous PID causes increased d. Oestrogen secretion
precedes ovulation
risk of ectopic pregnancy
e. None of the above
e. All of the above
77. All are true regarding 4th month
74. True regarding fertilization is/are: of gestation, except:
a. Occurs in ampulla of fallopian tube a. Large scale ossification occurs
b. Ovum is viable for 12-24 hrs after b. Hair follicles form
ovulation c. Fetus has high growth rate

c. Second polar body forms

d. Sexual dimorphism has
not occurred
after fertilization
e. Gonadal differentiation occurs
d. Fertilization induces
78. Following are true of embryonic
chemical changes in zona period, except:
pellucida, preventing a. Major organ systems
polyspermy are established
e. All of the above b. Lanugo hair appears
c. Sensitivity to teratogens high
75. True statement is/are, except:
d. Gastrulation and neurulation occur
a. Menstrual flow occurs on
e. Limb buds appear
degeneration of corpus
79. All are true about cytotrophoblast,
luteum
except:
b. Maintenance of endometrium
a. Cytotrophoblastic cells from
depends on availability of
a highly proliferative
oestrogen
epithelium
c. Secretory phase of
b. Cytotrophoblastic cells
endometrium depends on
have prominent nucleoli
progesterone
c. Abundant mitochondria
d. Missed period occurs due
d. Abundant smooth ER
to increased maternal
e. Glycogen granules seen
hCG
e. Initial phase of endometrial
cycle depends on oestrogen
80. All are true about d. Cytoplasm contain
syncytiotrophoblast except: abundant membrane bond
a. It develops from vcsiclcs
cytotrophoblast
e. Syncytiotrophoblast is an
b. Microvilli seen on outer surface invasive cell layer
c. Nuclei of this layer divide
constantly but not the
cytoplasm
Answers
1. B 33. A 65. C
2. D 34. C 66. C
3. C 35. E 67. E
4. D 36. A 68. C
5. B 37. C 69. E
6. A 38. C 70. A
7. F 39. D 71. B
8. B 40. D 72. E
9. D 41. A 73. E
10. D 42. C 74. E
11. E 43. E 75. B
12. B 44. E 76. E
13. B 45. B 77. D
14. A 46. B 78. B
15. D 47. C 79. D
16. A 48. C 80. C
17. A 49. B
18. A 50. E
19. A 51. A
20. C 52. D
21. C 53. E
22. A 54. B
23. C 55. D
24. C 56. B
25. A 57. A
26. B 58. C
27. B 59. B
28. D 60. D
29. B 61. B
30. B 62. E
31. E 63. A
32. B 64. D