CHAPTER

7
Acquired and Developmental
Disturbances of the Teeth
and Associated Oral Structures
▲ Ralph E. McDonald, David R. Avery, and James K. Hartsfield, Jr.

CHAPTER OUTLINE

COMMON DISTURBANCES IN Hypoplasia Associated with Lead Hypodontia (Oligodontia) and

CHILDREN Poisoning (Plumbism) Cancer
ALVEOLAR ABSCESS Hypoplasia Caused by Local Infection Ectodermal Dysplasias
CELLULITIS and Trauma INTRINSIC DISCOLORATION OF
DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES OF Hypoplasia Associated with Cleft Lip TEETH (PIGMENTATION OF
THE TEETH and Palate TEETH)
Odontoma Hypoplasia Caused by X-Radiation Discoloration in Hyperbilirubinemia
Fusion of the Teeth and Chemotherapy Discoloration in Porphyria
Germination Hypoplasia Resulting from Rubella Discoloration in Cystic Fibrosis
Dens in Dente (Dens Invaginatus) Embryopathy Discoloration in Tetracycline Therapy
EARLY EXFOLIATION OF TEETH Treatment of Hypoplastic Teeth Bleaching of Intrinsic Tooth
Hypophosphatasia Hypoplasia Caused by Fluoride Discoloration
Cherubism (Familial Fibrous (Dental Fluorosis) MICROGNATHIA
Dysplasia) Enamel Microabrasion to Remove ANOMALIES OF THE TONGUE
Acrodynia Superficial Enamel Discolorations Macroglossia
Hypophosphatemia (Familial or PRE-ERUPTIVE “CARIES” (PRE- Ankyloglossia (Tongue-Tie)
X-linked Hypophosphatemic ERUPTIVE CORONAL RESORPTION Fissured Tongue and Geographic
Rickets or Vitamin D–Resistant OR PRE-ERUPTIVE INTRACORONAL Tongue (Benign Migratory
Rickets) RADIOLUCENCY) Glossitis)
Cyclic Neutropenia (Cyclic TAURODONTISM Coated Tongue
Hematopoiesis) INHERITED DENTIN DEFECTS White Strawberry Tongue
Other Disorders Dentinogenesis Imperfecta Black Hairy Tongue
ENAMEL HYPOPLASIA (Hereditary Opalescent Dentin) Indentation of the Tongue Margin
Hypoplasia Resulting from Dentin Dysplasia (Crenation)
Nutritional Deficiencies AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA Median Rhomboid Glossitis (Central
Hypoplasia Related to Brain Injury ENAMEL AND DENTIN APLASIA Papillary Atrophy of the Tongue)
and Neurologic Defects AGENESIS OF TEETH Trauma to the Tongue with Emphasis
Hypoplasia Associated with Anodontia on Tongue Piercing
Nephrotic Syndrome Hypodontia (Oligodontia) ABNORMAL LABIAL FRENUM
Hypoplasia Associated with Hypodontia and Palatally Displaced Frenectomy
Allergies Canines

COMMON DISTURBANCES IN CHILDREN Periodontal disturbances are also common. Although

Dental care services have become more readily available
to children, and caries prevention programs have become
more effective. There has been a steady decline in the
incidence and prevalence of dental caries in permanent
teeth among U.S. children (see Chapter 10). However,
according to the first Surgeon General’s report on oral
health in America published in May 2000, dental caries is
the single most common chronic childhood disease.1
severe forms of periodontal disease are rare in children,
all experience at least mild gingivitis on occasion. Both
caries and periodontal disease are, for the most part,
acquired and preventable disturbances of the teeth and
jaws. Other chapters of this book are devoted to a more
in-depth discussion of the cause, prevention, and man-
agement of dental caries (see Chapters 10, 17, 18, and 19)
and periodontal disturbances (see Chapters 11 and 20).

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