AVC 113 GRAPHICS 1

INTRODUCTION:
The principal methods by which thoughts of a person can be conveyed to
another by means of oral or written words and second, by means of pictures or
drawings. As the saying goes ‘one picture is better than a thousand words”
Literature or written speech has its pros and cons. It feeds the imagination, but
with differences in the visual interpretation as how the words describe it. No two
people interpret in the same way on information or how it was describe to them
in words alone. Visual conceptions may be interpreted differently. Drawings
supplement speech in describing objects, giving it a more precise picture which
may vary a little in interpretation.
Graphics is the process of drafting and represents the design developed,
explained to others, and finally a well translated description of the finished object
produced. It is a graphical representation of the design thru drawings maybe
larger, same size or smaller than the object described.
Drawings are used to develop, explain in detail the designer’s creation and be
well represented. It is used to present it to (in architecture) the client, to
understand, criticize and approve drawings and to explain details of shapes and
sizes, materials, and workmanship to the person who will work for the finished
product.
Graphical representation is very important to people with varied interest like in
ARCHITECTURE, City planning, engineering, interior design, industrial,
landscape and so many others. Many of these discipline uses graphics,
professionals and draftsman, need to be able to draw well in order to explain
their designs clearly.
Since this is Architecture the art and science of designing buildings and non-
building structures (interior). The style of design and method of construction of
buildings and other physical structures. A unifying or coherent form, structure
and designers creation. Drawings are used to develop, present, interpret and
explain in the details the designer’s creations.
OBJECTIVES:
The study of visual communication(drawings), typography,
alphabet of lines and their applications and the use and care of
instruments, geometric construction, use of architect’s scale,
mensuration and dimensioning. Emphasis is given to the study of
the theory of projection with analysis of the relationship between
points, lines and planes in space. Includes exercises on surface
development and graphic presentation.

Module1:
Instruments for Drafting: the quality of the equipment used
determines to a great extent the quality of the student’s work.
Essential equipment for drafting.

 Set of drawing instruments

 Drawing boards (at home)
 T-square (30 in or 0.90m)
 30x60 deg triangle (10”)
 45x45 deg triangle (10”)
 Triangular metric scale (architect’s scale)
 Pencil (mongol,F or H)
 Erasers
 Drafting tape or paper tape
 Paper
  Cutter
 Adjustable triangle (optional)
 Drafting pens with compass
(Can be explained during Google classroom scheduled session)

Module 2:
Lettering on Drawings:
Lettering is a necessary part of practically every architectural drawing. It is used
for titles, subtitles, names of areas or elements and notes or specifications.
Varying in size from very large size for title to the smallest readable size for
minor notes or labels as to emphasis in the drawing labels.
Architectural lettering differs greatly from other types of lettering used on
engineering drawings. Legible, Well-formed letters and numerals do more for a
drawing than
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 used guidelines in lettering (to be discussed further in the plate proper)

 Choose one style of lettering and practice the formation of the letters until
you master it, (see fig 1)
 Make letters bold and distinctive, avoid a delicate, fine touch
 Practice spacing by lettering words and sentences, not alphabets
 Form a habit of lettering whenever possible, as you take notes, titles or
write name on title block for every plate given.
 Practice capital or uppercase letters on the alphabet. Small letters or
lowercase are rarely used in architectural work.
(Students will used graphing paper on this exercise to practice lettering of
the alphabets and numerals)
Module 3 (plate proper)
Plate 1 Alphabet of Lines (architectural line weights)
Objective: alphabet of lines is a tool and guide used to represent the
designer's creation and to give emphasis on the drawing work for the purpose of
understanding and proper execution of the work
Floor plan lines (see fig.2) shows the common lines used on architectural works:

 Object or visible lines- lines are used to show the main outline of the
building, including exterior walls, interior partitions. Porches, patios,
driveways and walls. These lines should be the outstanding lines on the
drawings.
 Dimension lines- are thin lines unbroken lines upon which building floor
plans, elevations and object dimensions are placed. (used H pencil or 0.1
drafting pen)
 Extension lines- are lines extend from the object, floor plans, and
elevations together with the dimension lines to permit dimensioning.
Drawn lightly
 Hidden lines- are thin broken lines used to show areas which are not
visible on the surface or view but exist behind the plane of projection.
 Centre lines- are series of short-long broken thin lines that denotes
symmetry in objects such as doors, windows or object, can be used in lieu
of the extension lines for dimensioning purposes.
 Cutting plane-lines- are series of broken heavy lines or two-short and one
long broken line used to denote area to be sectioned.
 Sections lines- are thin lines used to draw the section lining in sectional
drawings. A different material is used for each bldg... Materials. Drawn
lightly as not to compete with the object line.
 Break lines- are lines used when an area cannot be drawn or should not
be drawn entirely... A ruled line with free hand break is used for long break
line. A heavy freehand irregular breaks for the short break line.
 Leader line- is thin lines used to connect a note or dimension to a part of
an object. Floor plans, bldg. elevations and sections. Sometimes curve to
eliminate confusion with the other lines.
 Phantom lines- are thin lines used to indicate alternate positions of
moving parts in a floor plan like furniture’s, or objects, adjacent positions,
of related parts.
 Fixture lines- are light lines used to outline the shape of kitchens, laundry,
and bathroom fixtures r built-in furniture’s.
 Lettering guidelines- are light lines used in doing lettering or labels in all
drawings works.