Preschooler – 3 to 6 years of age  Tonsils inc in size

 IgG and IgA increases

I. Psychosexual Stage – (Freud): Phallic
PRE SCHOOL
II. Psychosocial Stage – (Erickson):
Initiative vs. Guilt  HR 85 bpm
III. Cognitive Stage – (Piaget): Stage II  BP 100/60
(Preconceptual Intuitive Stage) of the  4.5 - 5 kg/yr
Preoperational Thought Period – reasons can  2 - 3.5 in/yr
be given for beliefs and actions but still  Frequent voiding
considered prelogical and termed as
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENTAL
Preoperational Intuitive Thinking
MILESTONES
IV. Kohlberg – Preconventional Level 1
I. Gross
Stage 2
 3 years old
V. Play
- climbs stairs
A. Type: Associative or Cooperative
- can pedal a bicycle - walks backwards,
B. Age-appropriate toys
uses scissors, helps dress himself
1. Watercolors; fingerprints; clay
 4 years old
2. Playground equipment (swing, seesaw,
- climbs & jumps well; Uses alternate steps
slide)
when climbing stairs; can tie own shoes;
3. Materials for cutting/pasting throws ball overhead; brushes teeth
4. Simple jigsaw puzzles; Lego - can verbalize number sequence Ex. Tel
nos.
5. Picture/coloring books
 5 years old
6. Tricycle
- runs & hops well; jumps rope; skips; heel
7. Housekeeping toys
to toe walk
VI – Greatest Fears:
- skips and runs
1. Castration fear/ Body mutilation
FINE MOTOR
2. Fear of the dark
 3 years old
VII – SIGNIFICANT FIGURE: Basic
Family - copies circle

PRE SCHOOL  4 - 4 1/2 years old

 Future body build apparent - imitates cross - draws man w/ 3 parts -

copies square
 Increased skeletal growth
 5 yo - may have permanent teeth  5 years old
- copies triangle - Common fears ‟ dark, mutilation,
separation
- writes alphabet
- Telling tales
LANGUAGE
- Imaginary friends & playmates are
 3 ½ years old common
- gives full name, sex -They are very creative and curious, that is
- counts to 3 or more why their favorite word is “why”?

 4 years old -- they enjoy offensive language

- exaggerates and boasts; telling tall tales; -- age of sibling rivalry

difficulty sharing -- questions about sex should be answered
 5 y/o honestly at the level of their understanding.

- talks constantly -- MASTURBATION is common in some –

do not make a fuss about it or punish the
PERSONAL/SOCIAL child; just give toys to play as substitute
 3 ½ years old REACTIONS/CONCERNS IN ILLNESS
AND NURSING INTERVENTIONS
- dresses w/ supervision
- fear of the dark – allow dim light and
- separates more easily from mother
parent to sit beside child
 4 years old
- Fear of body mutilation - Prepare for and
- buttons up explain procedure; reassure
 4 ½ years old - Fear of injury, pain and the unknown -
Encourage expressive play/medical play
- dresses w/o supervision
- Fear of separation/abandonment – relate
 5 y/o time and space to familiar situations
- uses a knife
CONCERNS
- They love to watch adults & imitate their
behavior
- Oedipus and electra complex
- gender roles ‟ need exposure to parents of
opposite sex
- Socialization ‟ capable of sharing
- Discipline ‟ “time out”