ST.

SOLDIER PUBLIC SCHOOL

Jesal Park, Bhayandar (East)
STD: VIII SUBJECT: MATHS
Ls. 4. ALTITUDE AND MEDIANS OF A TRIANGLE
Altitude:
The perpendicular segment drawn from a vertex of a
triangle on the side opposite to it is called an altitude of
the triangle.

In ∆ABC, seg AD is an altitude on the base BC.

Note: The three altitudes in a triangle are concurrent.

Orthocentre: The point of concurrence of all the altitudes

of a triangle is called the orthocentre of the triangle. It is
denoted by the letter ‘O’.
→ The orthocentre of a right angled triangle is the vertex
of the triangle.
→ The orthocentre of a obtuse angled triangle is in the
exterior of the triangle.
→ The orthocentre of a acute angled triangle is in the
interior of the triangle.
Median:
The segment joining the vertex and midpoint of the
opposite side is called a median of the triangle.

In ∆ABC, Seg AD is the median on the base HF.

Note: The 3 medians of a triangle are concurrent.

Centroid: The point of concurrence of all the medians of a

triangle is called the centroid. It is denoted by letter ‘G’.
→For all types of triangle, the location of G is in the
interior of the triangle.
→The centroid divides each median in the ratio 2:1.

Practice Set 4.1

1) Solution:
In ∆ LMN, Seg LX is an altitude
and Seg LY is the median.
7) Fill in the blanks.
Point G is the centroid of ∆ABC
1) If 𝑙 (𝑅𝐺 ) = 2.5 then
𝑙 (𝐺𝐶 ) =_____
Solution:
𝑙(𝑅𝐺) = 2.5 -------(given)
The centroid divides each median in the ratio 2:1.
𝑙 (𝐺𝐶 ): 𝑙(𝑅𝐺) = 2:1
𝑙(𝐺𝐶) 2 𝑙(𝐺𝐶) 2
∴ = ∴ =
𝑙(𝑅𝐺) 1 2.5 1
∴ 𝑙(𝐺𝐶) = 2 × 2.5
= 5 units
Ans) If 𝑙 (𝑅𝐺 ) 𝑖𝑠 2.5 units then 𝑙 (𝐺𝐶 ) = 5 units .

2) If 𝑙 (𝐵𝐺 ) = 6 then 𝑙 (𝐵𝑄 ) =_____

Solution:
𝑙 (𝐵𝐺 ) = 6 ------ (given)
The centroid divides each median in the ratio 2:1.
𝑙 (𝐵𝐺 ): 𝑙(𝐺𝑄) = 2:1
𝑙(𝐵𝐺) 2 6 2
∴ = ∴ =
𝑙(𝐺𝑄) 1 𝑙(𝐺𝑄) 1
∴ 6 = 2 × 𝑙 (𝐺𝑄 )
6
∴ 𝑙 (𝐺𝑄 ) = ∴ 𝑙 (𝐺𝑄 ) = 3 units
2
∵ 𝑙 (𝐵𝑄 ) = 𝑙 (𝐵𝐺 ) + 𝑙 (𝐺𝑄 ) ------- (B-G-Q)
∴ 𝑙 (𝐵𝑄 ) = 6 + 3
= 9 units
Ans) If 𝑙 (𝐵𝐺 ) 𝑖𝑠 6 units then 𝑙 (𝐵𝑄 ) = 9 units .

3) If 𝑙 (𝐴𝑃) = 6 units then 𝑙 (𝐴𝐺 )=____ and 𝑙 (𝐺𝑃)=____

Solution:
𝑙 (𝐴𝑃) = 6 units ------ (given)
Let 𝑙(𝐴𝐺 ) be 𝑥 & 𝑙 (𝐺𝑃) be (6 − 𝑥)
𝑙 (𝐴𝐺 ): 𝑙(𝐺𝑃) = 2:1
The centroid divides each median in the ratio 2:1.
𝑙(𝐴𝐺) 2 𝑥 2
∴ 𝑙(𝐺𝑃)
= 1
∴ 6−𝑥
= 1
∴ 𝑥 = 2(6 − 𝑥)
∴𝑥 = 12 − 2𝑥
∴𝑥 + 2𝑥 = 12
∴3𝑥 = 12
12
∴𝑥 = 3
∴𝑥 = 4
∴ 𝑙 (𝐴𝐺 ) = 𝑥 = 4 units
𝑙 (𝐺𝑃) = 6 − 𝑥
=6–4
= 2 units
Ans) If 𝑙(𝐴𝑃) = 6 units then 𝑙 (𝐴𝐺 )= 4 units and 𝑙 (𝐺𝑃)=
2 units.