Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Loading N Unloading of Tanker PDF
Loading N Unloading of Tanker PDF
Loading N Unloading of Tanker PDF
S. S. SAWANT
IOCL (PL)
TYPES OF OIL TANKERS (SIZE)
10/11/2012 3
LOADING / UNLOADING THROUGH
SHIP TO SHIP LIGHTERAGE (STS)
SPM SYSTEM
SPM SYSTEM
SINGLE POINT MOORING (SPM)
IT IS ANCHORED TO
SEABED AND IS
CONNECTED TO SUBSEA
PIPELINE THROUGH
SUBSEA HOSES.
MARINE HOSES
CRITICAL LINK BETWEEN TANKER, SBM, AND OFFSHORE
PIPELINE FOR DISCHARGING CARGO
SPM SYSTEM
UNDERBUOY HOSE STRINGS
SHORE TANKAGES
SPM – ADVANTAGES
• Confirm from the tanker that the pilot ladder or gangway is secured
properly before boarding.
CARGO TRANSFER
Pumping should begin slowly at first until it has been
verified that oil is reaching the designated tanks and that
the whole system is operating satisfactorily.
The hose strings and the area around the SPM buoy
should be inspected from the mooring launch for any
leakage.
When it has been firmly established that the total system
is operating correctly, the pumping rate may be
increased.
SAFETY IN TANKER / SBM OPERATIONS
CARGO TRANSFER
Hourly ship–shore comparison of quantity discharged is to be
carried out
During shore tank change over, close cargo monitoring is
required.
Monitoring of cargo, cargo discharge plan, IG pressure & O2
content.
During tanker loading / unloading operation, round-the-clock
watch keeping is to be maintained on the SPM, its floating hoses
and tanker manifold.
MONITORING OF SPM POSITION
12’ O CLOCK
01’ O CLOCK
11’ O CLOCK
02’ O CLOCK
10’ O CLOCK
CARGO TRANSFER
Keep a constant watch on the prevailing weather conditions and
weather forecast reports. Wind criteria normally is 30 knots, stop
loading/discharging at 35 knots, disconnect hoses at 40 Knots
and cast off from the terminal beyond that.
Hoses may get trapped under the ships bulbous bow and even
be pushed further down in adverse weather condition if one is not
careful. Ships hull has barnacles / hard marine growth which can
spear/cut the hoses and cause pollutions.
Keep a tug boat ready with divers to clear the hoses if required,
SAFETY IN TANKER / SBM OPERATIONS
CARGO TRANSFER
Load on the mooring hawsers is to be regularly monitored and to
keep load on both hawsers nearly equal.
Pull back operation through pull back tug is to be monitored
round-the-clock especially during rough / choppy weather and
during change of tide.
TANKER PUL BACK OPERATION
Safety in Tanker and SPM operations