Andrology Lecture 3 Male Reprod Organs Scrotum

FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY OF MALE
DOMESTCIC ANIMALS- BASIC
STRUCTURES AND SCROTUM
Prof. Dr. G.N Purohit
MVSC, PhD, MNVAS
Head Dept. Veterinary (Gynecology & Obstetrics)
College of veterinary & Animal Science, Bikaner, Raj.
India.
Email: gnpobs@gmail.com
Dr. GN Purohit - Confidential - Content & Video Not Permitted for Commercial Purposes
About Me : Professor G N Purohit, MVSc,Ph.D, MNVAS
Dean Post Graduate Studies
and University Head, Department of
Veterinary Gynecology and Obstetrics,
Veterinary College, Bikaner, Rajasthan,
India
Todays Topic –Male Reproductive Organs
■ <Topic 1>Testis and other structures
■ <Topic 2>Testicular descent
■ <Topic 3> Scrotum
Embryonic development of the male reproductive tract
The male
reproductive
tract
develops
from the
Wolffian
duct and
body or
mesonephri
c tubules.
The male reproductive
organs consist of
two testes which are present
in the scrotum ,
ducts, accessory sex
glands , penis and prepuce.
The Testes- Function Spermatozoa- Male
gamete
Male sex hormone

(androgens).
SCROTUM
The scrotum is a bi-lobed sac

or pouch (derived from the
skin and fascia) and is the
external part of male
reproductive system which
encloses the testis.
Structures help in fluid portion of semen and transport of semen from
testes to the vagina of female
The ducts that Accessory
Copulatory
transport the organ
sex glands
sperms from
testes include Penis enclosed
in the prepuce Prostrate
Epididymis
Seminal Vesicles
Ductus
Deferens Bulbourethral
glands
Urethra
Testicular descent
Testis during the fetal life is located in the abdominal cavity,
they pass through the abdominal inguinal canal, and inside
the scrotum
Enlargement of the gubernaculum and its

disappearance play an important role in testicular
descent
Intra-abdominal pressure in the fetus also

determines testis descent
Androgen from fetal testis favors testis descent
■ Time of testicular descent
– Stallion - 9 -11 months of gestation
– Cattle -3 ½ - 4 months of gestation
– Sheep and goat -2 ½-3 months of gestation
– Swine -3 months of gestation
– Dogs- 5 days after birth
■ Failure of testis to descent into the scrotum is called

as cryptorchidism.
■ The retained testis is called as

cryptorchid testis.
SCROTUM
Location of scrotum
■ The scrotum is located between the
thighs except in boar and tom cat.
■ In boar and tom cat, it is located

caudal to the thighs, caudal and
ventral to the ischiatic arch.
■ Scrotum is externally composed of

skin which is relatively devoid of hair
except in ram (male sheep) and buck
(male goat) and tom cat (male cat).
Structure of Scrotum
 Beneath the scrotal skin is the
dartos muscle, which consists of
fibroelastic tissue and unstripped
cremaster muscle.
 Dartos muscle divides the
scrotum in to two halves.
 It is closely attached with the
tunica vaginalis and scrotal
ligament which is a remnant of
gubernaculum.
Scrotal ligament
 The Testis and

epididymis are fixed in
scrotum by means of
scrotal ligament which is
attached near the tail of
the epididymis and
mesorchium.
 The Scrotal ligament is

absent in bulls.
The Scrotum has the following 8 layers from
externally
■ Epidermis – outermost layer
■ Dermis
■ Dartos muscle
■ Connective tissue
■ Parietal layer of vaginal process
(PVP)
■ Cavity of vaginal process (CV)
■ Visceral layer of vaginal process
(VVP)
■ Tunica albuginea
Seminiferous Tubules
 The Tunica albuginea penetrate
the testicular parenchyma to join
at mediastinum.
 These fibrous septa divide the
testicular parenchyma into
lobules.
 The lobules are having the highly
coiled seminiferous tubules.
 About 75% of the testicular mass
is composed of seminiferous
tubules.
Blood supply to scrotum
External pudental artery and also Internal pudental
artery in boar and cat.
Nerve supply to scrotum
Genital nerve which is a branch of genito-femoral
nerve arising from second to fourth lumbar nerve
and perineal nerve.
Smooth muscle of the scrotum is supplied by the
spermatic plexus from pelvic plexus.
Functions of scortum
It encloses the male gonad
It provides suspensory attachment of testes with
remaining animal body.
It protects the testes from adverse stress
conditions.
It serves as a thermic chest of male gonad.
It maintains gonadal temperature through
thermo regulatory mechanism for optimum
spermatogenesis
■ The Scrotum, cremaster muscle and pampiniform
plexus maintain the testicular temperature.
The scrotum becomes flaccid and
elongated due to relaxation of the
dartos and cremaster muscle, under
hot climate in order to create more
surface area for heat loss. It
becomes contracted and wrinkled
during cold climate bringing the
testicles closer to the body and
reducing the surface area.
Re-cap – What we learned
■ The male reproductive organs comprise of testes (that produce the sperm and
androgens), the ducts (epididymis, ductus deferns and urethra), accessory sex
glnads (prostrate, seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands) and the copulatory
organ (penis).
■ The testes descent into the scrotal sac at different times after birth in domestic
animals.
■ The scrotum is a pouch of skin outside the body in which the testes are located.
■ The scrotum is located between the thighs in most domestic animals except the
boar and tom cat in which they are located caudal to the thighs
■ The scrotum is devoid of hair except in the ram, buck and tom cat.
■ The testes are fixed in the scrotum by scrotal ligament which is absent in the bull.
■ The scrotum has muscle and becomes loose during summer and contracted during
winter to maintain the testicular temperature.
Contact me
Prof. Dr. G.N Purohit
MVSC, PhD, MNVAS
Head Dept. Veterinary (Gynecology & Obstetrics)
College of veterinary & Animal Science, Bikaner, Raj.India.
Email:gnpobs@gmail.com
Linked in : linkedin.com/in/dr-govind-narayan-purohit-13a04a17
YouTube Channel link : https://www.youtube.com/user
/gnpobs61/videos
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FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY AND

Male sex hormone

The scrotum is a bi-lobed sac

Enlargement of the gubernaculum and its

Intra-abdominal pressure in the fetus also

Androgen from fetal testis favors testis descent

■ Failure of testis to descent into the scrotum is called

■ The retained testis is called as

■ In boar and tom cat, it is located

■ Scrotum is externally composed of

 The Testis and

 The Scrotal ligament is

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