T Girder My Data

OUT PUT DATA
S.N. Parameters Symbols Values

1 Flow (m /s)3
Q 201.31
2 Linear Water Way (m) W 67.39
3 Mean diameter of the Soil Particle (mm) d50 0.80
4 Silt Factor f 1.57
5 Mean Sour Depth (m) d 2.41
6 Contracted Water Way (m) L 113.50
7 Corrected Scour Depth (m) from HFL dcor 6.13
S.N. Parameters Value
1 Maximum flow (Q50) 201.31

2 HFL (Q50) 101.13
3 Freeboard (Fb) 1.20
Linear Water Way 67.39
4 Bottom of the bridge 102.33
5 Bed Level 99.13
6 Scour depth (dsc) 6.13
7 Foundation Level (Top) 95.00
8 Foundation Level (Botom) 93.80
9 Avg. Velocity of water current(m/s) 7.75
0
)
1
2
1
3
#REF!
LEVEL OF BRIDGE COMPONENTS
Reduced level of the bench mark 100.068
Lowest bed level of the river 99.13
HFL= 101.13
Current maximum depth of flood 1
Current maximum level of flood 100.13
Expected (calculated) maximum depth of flood 2.5
Expected (calculated) maximum level of flood 101.63
Proposed clearance under the girder 1.2
Level of the girder 102.83
Proposed depth of the girder 1.7
Thickness of surface finishing 0.04
So, level of finished road 104.57
Level of the maximum scour near abutment 97.43
Level of the top of the well cap 97.43
Thickness of well cap 1.2
Length of well 5 2.43
Level of Bottom of well foundation 95.00
Depth of foundation from H.F.L.
Hence the depth of the foundation Below LBL 4.13
Level of the maximum scour near pier 97.43
Level of the top of the Well 97.43
Thickness of pier well cap 1.2
Hence the depth of the foundation 93.8 93.80
Height of abutment 3.70
Height of pier at top of well 3.70
RL at the top of pier cap 102.33
Detailed Engineering Design of Amarpati Bridge Design Calculation VOLUME-III
A. Design of Superstructure
1.0 Design Data
1.1. Materials and its Properties:
Concrete: M25
Reinforcement: Fe500
Basic Permissible Stresses of Concrete as per IRC : 21-2000:
Permissible direct compressive stress, sco = 6.25 MPa
Permissible flexural compressive stress, sc = 8.33 MPa
Maximum Permissible shear stress, tmax = 1.9 MPa
Basic Permissible Stresses of Reinforcing Bars as per IRC : 21-2000:

Permissible Flexural Tensile stress, sst = 240 MPa
Permissible direct compressive stress, sco = 205 MPa
Self weight of materials as per IRC : 6-2000:

Concrete (cement-Reinforced) = 2.4 t/m3
Macadam (binder premix) = 2.2 t/m3
1.2. Geometrical Properties:

Effective Span of Bridge = 15.00 m
Total length of span = 15.65 m
Numbers of span = 1
Width of expantion Joint = 50 mm
Total length of Bridge = 15.7 m
Nos. of longitudinal Girder = 3
Spacing of Girder = 2.5 m
Rib width of main girder = 400 mm
Overall depth of main girder = 1500 mm
Depth of kerb above deck slab = 200 mm
Nos. of cross girder = 6
Spacing of cross girder = 3m
Rib width of cross girder = 300 mm
Overall depth of cross girder = 900 mm
Deck slab thickness = 200 mm
Deck slab thickness at edge = 200 mm
Thickness of wearing coat = 75 mm
Fillet size (horizontal) = 200 mm
Fillet size (vertical) = 200 mm
Bridge Width:
Carriageway width = 7.5 m
Kerb width = 0.6 m
Total Width = 8.7 m
Total depth of Kerb = 0.4 m
Vehicle Property
Tyre Length = 0.5 m
Tyre Width = 0.5 m
NREC Jawagal-10, Lalitpur Page 5

8700
600 7500 600
2500 400
2.0 Design of Slab

2.1 Design of Cantilever slab: The cantilever slab is designed by effective width method.
Thickness of slab = 275 mm at junction with rib

200 mm at end
Self weight of Railing = 70 kg/m (assumed)
Impact factor = 21.43 % (for IRC class A loading)
1.21

600
100
1
1050
200 2
3
200 4
275
5
1650
Beam edge
Dead Load Bending Moment and Shear Force:

S.No. Item Load / m run (kg) Distance from Moment
1 Railing/Parapet (1) 70 70 edge
1.6 m 112.00 kg-m
2 Kerb (2) 0.60x0.20x2400 = 240 1.35 m 486.00 kg-m
3 Wearing Coat (3) 1.05x0.075x2400 = 189 0.525 m 95.29 kg-m
4 Slab (4) 1.65x0.20x2400 = 792 0.825 m 3618.45 kg-m
(5) 0.50x0.08x1.65x2400 = 148.5 0.566 m 288.66 kg-m
Total 1439.5 kg 4600.40 kg-m
Dead load Shear force at the face of rib = 1439.5 kg

Dead load Bending Moment at the face of rib = 4600.40 kg-m

Live Load Bending Moment and Shear Force:

IRC Class A Loading:
Effective load in the longitudnal direction = 5.7 t
Average thickness of cantilever slab = 237.5 mm
Distance of C.G. of load from face of rib = 650 mm
Effective width of slab = 1.2 x + bw
= 1.43 m
Load per meter width of slab = 3.99 t/m

Dispersion width along span of cantilever 0.5+2*(0.075+0.2375)
= 1.125 < 2.3 m
Dispersion width in the cantilever slab 0.5+(0.075+0.2375) +0.025 = 0.8375 m
Portion of load in cantilever slab 3.99x0.8375/1.125= 2.97 t
Maximum Bending moment 3.99x0.8375/2 1.243 t-m
Bending moment including impact = 1.509 t-m
Total bending moment = 6109.25 kg-m
Design of Section:
Modular Ratio, m = 10.0
Neutral axis depth factor, n = (msc)/(msc+sst) = 0.2577
Lever arm factor, j = (1-n/3) = 0.9141
Moment of resistance coefficient, R = ½ x n x j x sc = 0.9810
Therefore, required effective depth of slab

M
d= = 249.6 mm
Rb
effective depth of slab, provided = 229 mm < d req. Not O.K.
thus provide effective depth ,d= 250 mm
M
Area of steel required, Ast = = 1113.9 mm2
 st  j d
Provide f 16 mm bars @ 125 mm c/c, giving area of steel = 1610 mm2
> required. OK
Distribution Steel:
Distribution steel is to be provided for 0.3 times live load moment plus 0.2 times dead
load moment.
Moment = 1372.7 kg-m
Effective depth = 234 mm
Area of steel required, Asd = 267.4 mm2
Half reinforcement is to be provided at top and half at bottom.
Provide f 12 mm bars @ 250 mm c/c at both top and bottom, giving area of
steel = 452 > required. OK
Check for min. area of Steel:

Min. area of steel @ 0.12 % = 330 mm2 < Provided. O.K.

Design for Shear:

Live load shear including impact = 3603.23 kg
Dead load shear = 1439.5 kg
Total = 5042.73 kg
tanb = 0.033
Shear stress, M  tan 

V-
v  d = 0.17 N/mm2
bd
Percentage area of tension steel, pt = 0.70 %
Permissible shear stress, K ´t c 1.04 x 0.551 = 0.57 N/mm2

= > 0.17 OK
2.2 Design of Interior Panels: The slab panel is designed by Pigeaud’s method.
Long span of slab, Ls = 3m

Short span of slab, Bs = 2.5 m
Calculation of Bending moments
a) Due to Dead load:

Self weight of wearing coat = 165 kg/m2
Self weight of deck slab = 480 kg/m2
Total = 645 kg/m2
Since the slab is supported on all four sides and is continuous, Piegaud’s curves are used to
calculate bending moments.
Ratio, k = Bs/Ls = 0.83

As the panel is loaded with UDL,
u/Bs = ###
v/Ls = ###
Where, u & v are the dimensions of the loaded area.
From the Pigeaud’s curve,
M1 = 0.039
M2 = 0.02
Total dead load = 4837.5 kg
Moment along short span, MB = 203.18 kg-m
Moment along long span, ML = 125.05 kg-m
Considering effects of continuity,

Moment along short span, MB = 162.54 kg-m
Moment along long span, ML = 100.04 kg-m
b) Due to Live load:

IRC Class A Loading: For maximum bending moment one wheel of 5.7 t should be placed at the
centre of span and other at 1.2 m from it as shown.
Tyre contact length along short span, x = 0.5 m
Tyre contact length along long span, y = 0.25 m
Imaginary load W3 = W2 is placed on the other side of W1 to make loading symmetrical.

Due to loads W2 & W3 Bending moment at center of panel will be that due to load W1 and half.
Bending moment due to load W1:

Wheel load, W1 = 5700 kg
Loaded length, u = 0.5+2x0.08 = 0.66 m

Loaded width, v = 0.25+2x0.08 = 0.41 m

u/Bs = 0.26
v/Ls = 0.14
Y
M1 = 0.2
M2 = 0.14 W2
Moment along short span,

MB1 =
W1
X X
1259.7 kg-m
Moment along long span, W2
ML2 = 969.0 kg-m
Bending moment due to load W2: Fig. 4
Wheel load W2 = 5700 kg
W2
Intensity of loading, q =  21064.3 kg/m2
uv
Considering loaded area 0.66 x 2.81 m
Loaded area = u x (2 x 1.2 + v) = 1.855 m2
Total applied load = q x area = 39065.85 kg
Loaded length, u = 0.66 m
Loaded width, v = 2.81 m
u/Bs = 0.264
v/Ls = 0.937


M1 = 0.085
M2 = 0.069
MB2 = 3724.9 kg-m
Moment along long span,
ML2 = 3193.6 kg-m
Considering loaded area 0.66 x 1.99 m

Loaded area = u x (2 x 1.2 - v) = 1.313 m2
Total applied load = q x area = 27665.85 kg
Loaded length, u = 0.66 m
Loaded width, v = 1.99 m
u/Bs = 0.264
v/Ls = 0.663
M1 = 0.13
M2 = 0.068
MB3 = 3878.8 kg-m
Moment along long span,
ML3 = 2420.8 kg-m
Net bending moment,
MB =M M
B2 B3
 -76.9 kg-m
2
ML M
= M
L2 L3
 386.4 kg-m
2
Total Bending Moment due to load W1 & W2 will be,
MB = 1182.8 kg-m
ML = 1355.4 kg-m
Bending moment including impact and continuity,
MB = 1149.0 kg-m
ML = 1316.7 kg-m
Calculation of Shear Force
a) Due to Dead load:

Self weight of wearing coat = 165 kg/m2
Self weight of deck slab = 480 kg/m2
Total = 645 kg/m2
Dead load shear force = 806.25 kg

b) Due to Live load:

W1 W2
Fig. 5
Shear force due to load W1:
Dispersion width in the direction of short span
= 0.5 + 2 x (0.08+0.200) = 1.05 m
For maximum shear force, the load should be placed at distance of 0.525 m from web
of girder. In this position second load will be as shown.
 x
Effective width for first wheel = αx 1    bw
 l
Where x= ### m
bw = 0.4 m
For b/lo = 1.2 a= 2.6
Therefore, Effective width = 1.478 m
But distance between axel is 1.2 m and hence effective width overlaps.
Average effective width / wheel = 1.339 m
Load W1 = 5700 kg
Load per meter width of slab = 4256.4 kg/m
And shear force = 3362.5 kg
Shear force including impact = 4083.1 kg
Shear force due to load W2:

 x
Effective width for second wheel = αx 1    bw
 l
Where x= 0 m
bw = 0.4 m
For b/lo = 1.2 a= 2.6 bw 
Therefore, Effective width = 0.400 m < 1.2 m

Load W2 = 5700 kg
Effective load = 690.91 kg
Load per meter width of slab = 1727.3 kg/m
And shear force = 32.90 kg
Shear force including impact = 40.0 kg
Total shear force = 4123.0 kg

Design of Section:
Total Design Bending Moments,
MB = 1311.53 kg-m
ML = 1416.75 kg-m
Total Design Shear force,
S.F. = 4929.26 kg

Effective depth required,
M
d=  120.2 mm
Rb
Effective depth available = 154 mm O.K.
Area of steel required along short span,
M
Ast =  388 mm2
 st  jd
Check for minimum area of steel:
Min. area of steel @ 0.12 % = 240 mm2
Provide f 16 mm bars @ 250 mm c/c

Provided area of steel = 805 mm2 > required OK
Effective depth for long span = 142 mm

Area of steel required along long span,
M
Ast =  455 mm2
 st  jd
Provide f 16 mm bars @ 250 mm c/c
Provided area of steel = 805 mm2 > required OK
Check for shear:
Vustress,
tvshear
Nominal =  0.320 N/mm2
b  d
Provided percentage area of tensile steel = 0.52 %
Permissible shear stress, ´K´t c = 1.04 x 0.45 = 0.468 N/mm2

> required OK
3.0 Design of Longitudinal Girder
3.1 Calculation of dead load moment and shear force on longitudinal girder:
Total dead load of deck slab =2 x1439.5+645x(2.5+0.4) 4749.5 kg/m
Dead load of slab on each girder = 1583.17 kg/m
Dead load of main girder,
Web = (1500-200)/1000 x 400*2.4= 1248 kg/m
Fillet = =200/1000 x200 x 2.4 = 96 kg/m
Total dead load of beam = 1344 kg/m
Total dead load on longitudinal girder = 2927.167 kg/m
Dead load of cross girder,

Web 300/1000 x(900-200)/1000 x (2.5-400/1000)x2.4*1000 1058.4 kg
Fillet =200/1000x200/1000x(2.5-400/1000)x2.4x1000 201.6 kg
Total weight of cross girder on each main girder = 420.0 kg
785.4kg 785.4kg 785.4kg
Fig. 6
Shear Force due to Dead load:

At support =2927.17 x 15/2 + 420 x 6/2 23214 kg
At 1/8 span
th
=23213.75 - 15/8 x 2927.17 17725 kg
At 1/4 span
th
=23213.75 –15/4 x2927.17 = 12237 kg
At 3/8 span
th
=23213.75-3/8x15x2927.17-420 6328.4 kg

At ½ span =420/2 210.0 kg

Bending Moment due to Dead load:
At center of span (L/2) = =2927.17 x 15 ^2/8+1.5x 420 x 15 /2 = 87051.56 kg-m
At 3/8th span = =23213.75 x3/8 x15-2927.17 x (3/8 x 15)^2/2-420 x 15/ 83481.15 kg-m
At 1/4th span = =23213.75 x 15 /4 - 2927.17 x (15/4)^2/2) 66469.9 kg-m
At 1/8th span = =23213.75 x15/8-2927.17 x (15/8)^2/2) 38380.4 kg-m
3.2 Calculation of live load moment and shear force on longitudinal girder:
Impact factor for IRC Class A loading = =1.5/(6+15) 0.214
Distribution of live loads on longitudinal girder for bending moment:

IRC Class A Loading:
Fig.7
Reaction on the girder will be maximum when the eccentricity is maximum. Eccentricity will be maximum
when the loads are very near to the kerb. Position of loads for maximum eccentricity is shown in figure.
Reaction factor for considered girder A,
Center Line of the bridge from the edge of the kerb= 2.7 m
CG of the loading from the edge of the kerb= 2.4 m
Eccentricity of the loading= 0.3 m
RA = 4/3 x (1+3x2.5x0.3/((3-1)x2.5^2)) 1.573333 W

RB = 4/3 x (1+3x0x0.3/((3-1)x2.5^2)) 1.333333 W
RC = 4/3 x (1-3x2.5x0.3/((3-1)x2.5^2)) 1.093333 W
Then reaction factor, RA = 1.5733333 W

Then reaction factor, RB = 1.3333333 W
Then reaction factor, RC = 1.0933333 W
Bending Moment due to Live load:
The influence line diagram for bending moment is shown in figure.

Effective span of girder, le = 15.0 m
W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8
RA RB
Fig. 8

Fig. 8
Loads Values Loads Values

W1 2.7 t W5 6.8 t
W2 2.7 t W6 6.8 t
W3 11.4 t W7 6.8 t
W4 11.4 t W8 6.8 t
Distances Values Distances Values
X Varies X5 4.3 m
X1 Varies X6 3.0 m
X2 1.1 m X7 3.0 m
X3 3.2 m X8 3.0 m
X4 1.2 m X9 Varies
 x 
Ordinate of Bending Moment at considered section, Mx = 1  x
 L 
Calculation of bending moment at L/2, when load W4 is at L/2
Ordinate of Influence line at mid span = 3.75 m
Load Nos. Load Value Position from IL Ordinate Moment
Left support Component
W1 2.7 2.00 1.000 2.70
W2 2.7 3.10 1.550 4.19
W3 11.4 6.30 3.150 35.91
W4 11.4 7.50 3.750 42.75
W5 6.8 11.80 1.600 10.88
W6 6.8 14.80 0.100 0.68
W7 6.8 17.80 0.000 0.00
W8 6.8 20.80 0.000 0.00
Total = 97.11 t-m
Total Bending Moment including impact = 185.52 t-m
Calculation of bending moment at 3L/8, when load W4 is at 3L/8

W1 2.7 0.125 0.078 0.21

W2 2.7 1.225 0.766 2.07
W3 11.4 4.425 2.766 31.53
W4 11.4 5.625 3.516 40.08
W5 6.8 9.925 1.903 12.94
W6 6.8 12.925 0.778 5.29
W7 6.8 15.925 -0.347 -2.36
W8 6.8 18.925 0.000 0.00
Total = 89.76 t-m
Calculation of bending moment at 3L/8, when load W3 is at 3L/8

W1 2.7 1.325 0.828 2.24

W2 2.7 2.425 1.516 4.09
W3 11.4 5.625 3.516 40.08
W4 11.4 6.825 3.066 34.95
W5 6.8 11.125 1.453 9.88
W6 6.8 14.125 0.328 2.23
W7 6.8 17.125 -0.797 -5.42
W8 6.8 20.125 0.000 0.00
Total = 88.05 t-m


W1 2.7 -1.750 0.000 0.00

W2 2.7 -0.650 -0.488 -1.32
W3 11.4 2.550 1.913 21.80
W4 11.4 3.750 2.813 32.06
W5 6.8 8.050 1.738 11.82
W6 6.8 11.050 0.988 6.72
W7 6.8 14.050 0.238 1.62
W8 6.8 17.050 -0.513 -3.49
Total = 69.21 t-m


W1 2.7 -0.55 -0.413 -1.11

W2 2.7 0.55 0.413 1.11
W3 11.4 3.75 2.813 32.06
W4 11.4 4.95 2.513 28.64
W5 6.8 9.25 1.438 9.78
W6 6.8 12.25 0.688 4.68
W7 6.8 15.25 -0.063 -0.43
W8 6.8 18.25 -0.813 -5.53
Total = 69.21 t-m

W1 2.7 -3.625 0.000 0.00

W2 2.7 -2.525 0.000 0.00
W3 11.4 0.675 0.591 6.73
W4 11.4 1.875 1.641 18.70
W5 6.8 6.175 1.103 7.50
W6 6.8 9.175 0.728 4.95
W7 6.8 12.175 0.353 2.40
W8 6.8 15.175 -0.022 -0.15
Total = 40.14 t-m

W1 2.7 -2.425 0.000 0.00

W2 2.7 -1.325 0.000 0.00
W3 11.4 1.875 1.641 18.70
W4 11.4 3.075 1.491 16.99
W5 6.8 7.375 0.953 6.48
W6 6.8 10.375 0.578 3.93
W7 6.8 13.375 0.203 1.38
W8 6.8 16.375 -0.172 -1.17
Total = 46.32 t-m

Shear Force due to Live load: IRC Class A Load.

The influence line diagram for shear force is shown in figure.
Effective span of girder, le = 15.0 m
Loads Values Loads Values
P1 2.7 t P5 6.8 t
P2 2.7 t P6 6.8 t
P3 11.4 t P7 6.8 t
P4 11.4 t P8 6.8 t
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8
02
01
07
06
05
RA 03 04 RB
Fig. 9
Distances Values Distances Values

X Varies X5 4.3 m
X1 Varies X6 3.0 m
X2 1.1 m X7 3.0 m
X3 3.2 m X8 3.0 m
X4 1.2 m X9 Varies
 x
Ordinate of Shear Force at considered section, S.F. = 1  
 L
Calculation of shear force at x=0, i.e. at left support.
Load P1 is just right of left support
Load Nos. Load Value Position from Left IL Ordinate S.F.
support Component
P1 2.7 0 1 2.700
P2 2.7 1.1 0.927 2.502
P3 11.4 4.3 0.713 8.132
P4 11.4 5.5 0.633 7.220
P5 6.8 9.8 0.347 2.357
P6 6.8 12.8 0.147 0.997
P7 6.8 15.8 0.053 -0.363
P8 6.8 18.8 0.253 -1.723
Total = 21.82 t
Total Shear Force including impact = 41.69 t


support Component
P1 2.7 -1.1 0.000 0.000
P2 2.7 0 1.000 2.700
P3 11.4 3.2 0.787 8.968
P4 11.4 4.4 0.707 8.056
P5 6.8 8.7 0.420 2.856
P6 6.8 11.7 0.220 1.496
P7 6.8 14.7 0.020 0.136
P8 6.8 17.7 -0.180 -1.224
Total = 22.99 t

P1 2.7 support
-4.3 0.000 Component
0.000
P2 2.7 -3.2 0.000 0.000
P3 11.4 0 1.000 11.400
P4 11.4 1.2 0.920 10.488
P5 6.8 5.5 0.633 4.307
P6 6.8 8.5 0.433 2.947
P7 6.8 11.5 0.233 1.587
P8 6.8 14.5 0.033 0.227
Total = 30.95 t
Calculation of shear force at x = L/8 = 1.875 m

Load P3 is at 2.5m from left support
P1 2.7 support
0.000
P2 2.7 -1.325 0.000 0.000
P3 11.4 1.875 0.875 9.975
P4 11.4 3.075 0.795 9.063
P5 6.8 7.375 0.508 3.457
P6 6.8 10.375 0.308 2.097
P7 6.8 13.375 0.108 0.737
P8 6.8 16.375 -0.092 -0.623
Total = 24.70 t

P1 2.7 support
0.000
P2 2.7 -2.525 0.000 0.000
P3 11.4 0.675 0.045 0.513
P4 11.4 1.875 0.875 9.975
P5 6.8 6.175 0.588 4.001
P6 6.8 9.175 0.388 2.641
P7 6.8 12.175 0.188 1.281
P8 6.8 15.175 -0.012 -0.079
Total = 18.33 t

Calculation of shear force at x = L/4 = 3.75

Load P3 is at 5m from left support
P1 2.7 support
-0.55 -0.037 Component
-0.099
P2 2.7 0.55 0.037 0.099
P3 11.4 3.75 0.750 8.550
P4 11.4 4.95 0.670 7.638
P5 6.8 9.25 0.383 2.607
P6 6.8 12.25 0.183 1.247
P7 6.8 15.25 -0.017 -0.113
P8 6.8 18.25 -0.217 -1.473
Total = 18.45 t
Calculation of shear force at x = 3L/8 = 5.625

P1 2.7 support
1.325 0.088 Component
0.239
P2 2.7 2.425 0.162 0.437
P3 11.4 5.625 0.625 7.125
P4 11.4 6.825 0.545 6.213
P5 6.8 11.125 0.258 1.757
P6 6.8 14.125 0.058 0.397
P7 6.8 17.125 -0.142 -0.963
P8 6.8 20.125 0.000 0.000
Total = 15.20 t

Load P3 is at 10m from left support
P1 2.7 support
3.2 0.213 Component
0.576
P2 2.7 4.3 0.287 0.774
P3 11.4 7.5 0.500 5.700
P4 11.4 8.7 0.420 4.788
P5 6.8 13 0.133 0.907
P6 6.8 16 -0.067 -0.453
P7 6.8 19 0.000 0.000
P8 6.8 22 0.000 0.000
Total = 12.29 t
Design of Section:
Total Design Bending Moments and Shear Forces:
Section Bending Moments (tone-m) Shear Forces (tone) Total
Due to DL Due to LL Total Due to DL Due to LL
X = 0 for 2-lane 0 0 0 41.17595

X=0 0 0 0 23.21 59.14 82.35
X = L/8 38.3803711 88.50 126.88 17.73 47.20 64.92
X = L/4 66.4699219 132.22 198.69 12.24 35.26 47.49
X = 3L/8 83.4811523 171.48 254.96 6.33 29.04 35.37
X = L/2 87.0515625 185.52 272.57
X = L/2 for 2- 43.5257813 92.76 136.28 0.21 23.48 23.69
lane

Overall depth of beam, D = 1500.00

Rib width, bw = 400
Flange width of T-beam will be,
bf = bw + 1/5 x lo = 2.5 m > 2.5 m
Therefore width of flange, bf = 2.5 m
Allowing a distance of 175 mm from bottom of T-beam to the centre of gravity of rod,
Area of steel required,
M
Ast =  4688 mm2
 st  jd
Provide 32 no of f 25 mm bars, provided area of steel = 15708
mm2
Number of bars in each of row = 4 nos.
Number of row = 5 nos.
Width of web of beam = 400 mm
Side and bottom clear cover to bars = 50 mm
C.G. of the bottom row of bars from bottom = 72.5 mm
Clear distance between vertical bars = 25
C.G. of the Second row of bars from bottom = 122.5
C.G. of the third row of bars from bottom = 172.5
C.G. of the fourth row of bars from bottom = 222.5
C.G. of the bar group from bottom = 73.8 mm
< 175 mm O.K.
Check for stresses:

Calculation of depth of neutral axis:
Considering compressive force both in flange and web and equating moment of effective
area in of compression and tension sides about neutral axis, we get
½ ´ bw ´ xa2 + (bf – bw) ´ Df ´ (xa – Df/2) = m ´ Ast ´ (d – xa)
½ ´ 400 ´ xa2 + (2500 – 400) ´ 220 ´ (xa – 220/2) = 10 ´ 12868 ´ (1525 – xa)
200 xa2 + 590679.64 xa – 247056444 = 0
Solving, we get, xa = 382.7 mm
Let compressive stress in concrete at top of flange = s
And compressive stress in concrete at bottom of flange = s'
x  Df
Then, s’ = a   0.477 s
xa
Position of C.G. of compressive stress in flange from top, x1
  2 ' D f
=   88.2 mm
 ' 3
Compressive force in flange, C1 = ½ x 1.408 s x 2500 x 220
= 369345 s
Compressive force in rib, C2 = ½ x 0.408 s x (371.5 – 220)
= 44 s

C.G. of compressive force in rib from top, x2

= 1/3 ´ (xa – Df) + Df = 260.9 mm
Total compressive force, C = 369388.4 s
C.G. of total compressive force from top
C1  x1  C2  x2
  88.2 mm
C1  C2
Therefore, lever arm, jd = 1236.8 mm
d
Critical Neutral axis depth, nd =  371 mm > xa
1
 st
m c
Under reinforced section.

Actual stress in concrete at top fiber is given by
M = C ´ jd
331.31 ´ 107 = 387187.4 s ´ 1430.4
s= 2.98 < 8.33 O.K.
Check for minimum area of steel

Minimum area of tension steel in beam @ 0.2 % of web area
= 1200 mm2 < Ast provided O.K.
Design for shear:

70 . 54  10 4
Nominal shear stress, tv =  0.777 N/mm2 < tc,max =1.9 N/mm2 O.K.
400  1525
Assuming 8 nos. of f 20 will be continued up to support, then provided

percentage area of tension steel = 0.47 %
Permissible shear stress, t c = 0.64 N/mm2 < tv

Shear reinforcement is required. Shear reinforcement shall be provided to carry a shear of,
Vs = V - tc . bw . D = 72560 N
Assuming f 12 mm 2-legged vertical stirrups having area of steel, Asv = 226 mm2
Asv  σ st  d
Spacing, S =  991 mm c/c
Vs
As per minimum shear reinforcement requirements, maximum spacing,
Smax =  st  Asv
 339 mm c/c.
0.4  b w
Hence provide f 12 mm 2-legged vertical stirrups @ 125 mm c/c at support.

Design summary:
Area of steel required and provided at different sections of main girder are given in below:
Tension Reinforcement (Fe 415):
Section Design Moment Area of Steel Required Area of Steel Provided
No. Dia. Area
L/2 136.28 t-m 4688 21 28 12931 mm2
3L/8 127.48 t-m 4385 21 28 12931 mm2
L/4 99.35 t-m 3418 16 28 9852 mm2
L/8 63.44 t-m 2182 12 28 7389 mm2
Support 0.00 t-m 0 10 28 6158 mm2
Shear Reinforcement (Fe 415):

Section Design S.F. 2-legged vertical Stirrups 2-legged vertical Stirrups
required provided
L/2 11.85 t 12 f @ -326 12 f@ 125 mm
3L/8 17.69 t 12 f @ -443 12 f@ 125 mm
L/4 23.75 t 12 f @ -707 12 f@ 125 mm
L/8 32.46 t 12 f @ -4932 12 f@ 125 mm
Support 41.18 t 12 f @ 991 12 f@ 125 mm
4.0 Design of Cross Girder:
Dead Load
Overall Depth of cross girder = 900 mm
Width of cross girder = 300 mm
Self weight of cross girder = (1.3 - 0.22)´0.325´2400 +2´1/2´0.15´0.15´2400
= 600 kg/m
Dead load from slab =2*1/2*2.5*1.25*704 = 2015.625 kg
This load is assumed as uniformly distributed load per meter run = 806.25 kg/m
Total Dead load per meter run = 1406.25 kg/m
Assuming, cross girder as rigid, reaction on main girder
= 1171.9 kg
Dead load bending moment at center of span
= 1098.6 kg-m
Fig. 11
Live Load
Maximum bending moment occurs when one wheel of a vehicle lies at center of span. The critical
position for maximum bending moment is shown in figure. Deck Slab is assumed to be simply
supported between two cross girder.
Effective load coming on cross girder = 3.4  0.7 5.7  3.8  1.35  0.6
5.7  
5.0 5.0
= 10.67 t
7.2m

7.2m
Reaction on each longitudinal girder 6m
= 3.5567 t
Maximum bending moment at center
= 4.45 t-m 1.1m 1.1m
2.5m 2.5m
Bending moment including impact
= 5.40 t-m
Total bending moment = 6497.1 kg-m
Fig.12
Maximum shear force occurs when one wheel of a vehicle lies at near to support. The critical
position for maximum bending moment is shown in figure. Deck Slab is assumed to be simply
supported between two cross girder.
12 .82  1 .425
Maximum shear force =  6.1 t
2 .5
Shear force including impact = 7.4 t
Total shear force = 8557.0 kg
Cross girder is designed as T-Beam.

Assuming effective depth, d = 1300-100 = 800 mm
M
Area of tension steel required =  370 mm2
 st  j  d
Minimum area of tension steel in beam @ 0.2 % of web area = 540 mm2 > 370 mm2
Hence provide 4 nos. of f 16 mm bars having area of steel = 804 mm2
at end cross girder and 4 nos. of f 20 mm bars having area of steel = 1257
mm2 at intermediate cross girder.
Design for shear:

11343.4.4  10
Nominal shear stress, tv =  0.36 N/mm2 < tmax = 1.9 N/mm2 O.K.
325  1200
Provided percentage area of tension steel, p = 0.34 %
Permissible shear stress, t c = 0.30 N/mm2 > 0.36 N/mm2 O.K.
No shear reinforcement required. Provide minimum shear reinforcement.
As per minimum shear reinforcement requirements, maximum spacing of f 10 mm 2 legged
vertical stirrups,
Smax = 0.87fy  Asv
 473 mm
0.4  b w
Hence provide f 10 mm 2-legged vertical stirrups @ 150 mm c/c through out the length of
end cross girder and f 12 mm 2-legged vertical stirrups @ 150 mm c/c through out the
length of intermediate cross girder.

Permissible direct compressive stress, sco = 6.25 MPa
Permissible flexural compressive stress, sc = 8.33 MPa
Maximum Permissible shear stress, tmax = 1.9 MPa

Permissible Flexural Tensile stress, sst = 240 MPa
Self weight of materials as per IRC : 6-2000:


Effective Span of Bridge = 15 m
Total length of span = 15.65 m
Numbers of span = 1
Width of expantion Joint = 50 mm
Total length of Bridge = 15.7 m
Nos. of longitudinal Girder = 3
Spacing of Girder = 2.5 m
Rib width of main girder = 400 mm
Free Board = 1200 mm
Overall depth of main girder = 1500 mm
Depth of kerb above deck slab = 225 mm
Nos. of cross girder = 6
Spacing of cross girder = 3m
Rib width of cross girder = 300 mm
Overall depth of cross girder = 900 mm
Deck slab thickness = 200 mm
Thickness of wearing coat = 75 mm
Fillet size (horizontal) = 200 mm
Fillet size (vertical) = 200 mm
Bridge Width:
Carriageway width = 7.5 m
Kerb width = 0.6 m
Total Width = 8.7 m
Total depth of Kerb = 0.4 m
Total dead load from superstructure = 2927.1667 kg/m

Dead load of cross girder = 420 kg
Total dead load on each bearing = 15.48 t
Live load on each bearing = 59.14 t
Total load = 74.61 t
Horizontal Load on bearing = 15.01
Size of bearing required = 500 400 50
NREC Jawagal-10, Lalitpur

weight of each bearing = 0.0785 t
NREC Jawagal-10, Lalitpur

Detailed Engineering Design of Amarpati Bridge Design Calculation VOLUME - III
4.0 Design of Pier

4.1 Design Data:
Concrete: M25

Permissible direct compressive stress, s co = 5 N/mm2
Permissible flexural compressive stress, sc = 6.67 N/mm2
Maximum Permissible shear stress, t max = 1.8 N/mm2
Basic Permissible tensile stress, st = 0.53 N/mm2

Permissible Flexural Tensile stress, sst = 200 Mpa
Design of Data:
Modular Ratio = 10
Neutral axis depth factor, n = (msc)/( msc+sst) = 0.250
Lever arm factor, j = (1-n/3) 0.917
Moment of resistance coefficient, R= ½ x n x j x 0.765
Unit weight of materials as per IRC : 6-2000:

Water = 1.0 t/m3
Backfill = 1.6 t/m3
b4
b6 b10
4.2 Geometrical Properties: h3
center to center Span of bearing = 15.00 m h2
Total span length = 15.65 m b7
HFL = 101.13 m
LBL = 99.13 m
h1
Max. scor depth below HFL = 6.13 m

Depth of Superstructure = 1.5 m
Depth of Bearing & pad = 0.15 m b11 b1 b11
Ave. Velocity of water current = 7.75 m
h4
Pier shape, semi-circular, = 0.66 m

RL of max scour lev. = 97.43 m b8
Free board = 1.2 m
RL of Pier Cap required = 102.33 m b3
RL of Pier Cap provided = 102.77 m b5
Depth of foundation = 4.13 m
RL of foundation top = 97.43 m
Ht. of HFL from base of pier = 3.7 m b2
Ht. upto deck from GL = 4.85 m
Size of bearing l= 500 b = 400 mm
Expansion joit = 50 mm
C/C distance between girder = 2.5 m
b1 = 1.8
b2 = 1.8 b9
b3 = 3.7
SECTION A-A
NREC Jwagal-10, Lalitpur Page 29
b9
SECTION A-A
length of pier cap,b4 = 5.8
b5 = 2.5
b6 = 0.4
b7 = 2
b8 = 6.5 b4
b6 b10
b9 = 6.5
h1 = 3.70
b3
b5
b9
at fixed end, h2 = 0.60
b2
h3 = 0.15
h4 = 0.8 b7 b1 b11
at free end, h5 = 0.6
Calculations of loads and Moments b8
Due to dead Load
Dead load from superstructure = 46.43 t
Self wt. of bearing & expansion joint = 4t
PLAN
Total DL from superstructure = 50.43 t
Self wt. of pier
wt. of pier shaft = 26.26 t
wt.of pier cap = 5.76 t
Total DL on pier = 82.45 t
Due to LL Load - unequal loading
Class A wheel loading in longitudinal direction
For maximum load on pier, the arrangement of IRC class A loading will be as shown below:
Max. LL on pier from right side = (11.4*25+11.4*23.8+6.8*19.5+6.8*16.5+6.8*13.5+6.8*10.5)/25

= 38.57 t
impact factor = 1.214
Max LL including Impact = 46.84 t
LL / m length of pier = 26.02
LL from left side = (2.7*17.36+2.7*16.26)/20
= 4.54
LL including Impact = 5.51 t
LL / m length of pier = 3.06 t
Moment due to unequal loading of LL 51.66 t-m
In transverse direction
Max. LL including impact = 52.35 t
Eccentricity = 0.83 m
Moment due to LL = 43.45 t-m
Due to longitudinal Forces
Due to tractive effort or braking = 11.08 t
This act at = 1.2 m above deck level
or at a distance from base of pier = 7.15 m
Due to resistance in bearing due to temperature
It is possible that the frictional coefficients of two bearings on the pier may happen to be different due to

unequal efficiency of the bearings. For the severest effect, it is assumed that LL to be on the right span
and the frictional coefficients of bearings to be 0.25 and 0.225 on the right and left span respectively.

The total resistance offered by the right bearing = 0.25(0.5DL+max.LL)

= 18.01 t
The total resistance offered by the left bearing = 0.225(0.5DL+max.LL)
= 6.91 t
Unbalanced force at the bearing = 11.10 t
Unbalanced force due to temperature on DL only = 0.63 t
This force acts at the bearing level, i.e. at a distance from pier base = 4.45 m
Total longitudinal force due to Breaking & temperature 22.18 t

Moment due to longitudinal force = 128.62 t-m
Moment due to temperature on DL only = 2.81 t-m
Due to water current

For pier parrallel to direction of water current, the intensity of pressure is given by
Ic = 52KV2
where, K= 0.66 a constant depending on the geometry of pier
V= 7.75 velocity of current in m/sec
Ic = 2061.35 kg/m2
Height of HFL from base of pier = 3.7 m
Width of pier at HFL = 1.8 m
a.) water current force parallel to the pier = 13.73 t
And corresponding moment = 25.40 t-m
b.) Water current varying at 20 degree
Intensity parallel to the pier = 1937.03 kg/m2
Intensity perpendicular to the pier = 705.02 kg/m2
Force parallel to the pier 12.90 t
Force perpendicular to the pier 4.70 t
Moment parallel to the pier 23.87 t-m
Moment perpendicular to the pier 8.69 t-m
Due to wind force
The area of superstructure in elevation providing 25% for railing = 33.7453125 m2
a. height upto deck level from ground level = 4.85 m
Wind pressure at that height (refer. IRC:6-2000), P = 70.73 kg/m2
Wind force on superstructure = 2.39 t
Wind force against moving load 20.4 m long corresponding to IRC class A @ 300 kg/m
= 6.12 t
Total wind force = 8.51 t
b. Minimum force on deck at 450 kg/m 7.04 t
c. Minimum force with wind pressure of 225 kg/linear m in the plane of unloaded structure
7.59 t
Wind force to be considered = maximum of (a,b,c) = 7.59 t
Moment parallel to pier due to wind force acting at 1.5m above deck = 56.57 t-m
Due to Buoyancy
Force due to buoyancy on the pier shaft = 10.94 t
Due to seismic forces

A. Along longitudinal direction
Description Total Load (t) Seismic Load(t) Lever arm (m) Moment (t-m)
Superstructure DL 46.43 4.64 5.2 24.14
Pier cap 5.76 0.58 4 2.30
Pier Shaft 26.26 2.63 1.85 4.86
Total 78.45 7.84 31.30
B. Along Transverse direction

Moment due to dead load is taken to be same as that in longitudinal direction. In addition, seismic forces
and moments on LL including impact must be considered for transverse condition.
Total LL on pier = 52.35 t
Seismic force due to LL = 5.23 t

Lever arm = 7.15 m
Moment due to seismic force on LL = 37.43 t-m
Total Seismic force = 13.08 t

Total Moment due to seismic force = 68.73 t-m
Summary of Loads and Moments

Horizontal Force (t) Moment (t-m)
Description Vertical Load
Tran. Long. Tran. Long.
DL (Superstr.+pier) 78.45
LL (Unequal loading) 52.35 43.45 51.66
Longitudinal force
(Braking+Temp) 22.18 128.62
Water current at 20
degree skiew 12.90 4.70 23.87 8.69
Wind forces 7.59 56.57
Buoyancy 10.94
Seismic forces 13.08 7.84 68.73 31.30
The forces and moments due to seismicity are grater than those due to wind forces. As per standard
design practce, the seismic forces and moments will be adopted neglecting the effect due to wind forces.
Case A: DL+LL+LF+WC B: DL+LF+WC+B C: Case A + SF

Vertical load (t) 130.80 67.51 130.80
Horizontal Load (t) 26.88 26.88 34.72
Moment (t-m) 188.96 137.30 220.27
Design of pier shaft section

The pier section will be designed for the Case A and the section adequacy will be checked for both the
cases. As the moment of inertia of the pier along Y-Y axis is greater than along X-X axis, the design
needs to be done for stresses along the X-X axis only.
Design vertical load = 130.80 t
Design Moment = 188.96 t-m
Diameter of the pier shaft, D = 1.8 m
Effective diameter, d = 1695 mm
Check for position of eccentricity D/4<e<1.5D

0.45 < 1.44 < 2.70 O.K.
Length of pier, L = 4.3 m
Effective length of column, le =1.2xL = 5.16 m
Radius of gyration, r = 0.45 m
Ratio of effective length to radius of gyration = 11.5 < 12
< 50 Short column
Minimum area of steel = 0.8 %
Maximum area of steel = 8%
Assume percentage area of steel = 1%
Modular ratio. a = 10
Section modulus, W = 0.573 m3
Gross area of concrete, Ag = 2.545 m2
Net area of concrete, Ac = 2.519 m2
X-sectional area of steel, As = 25447 mm2
Therefore, direct stress, s co,cal = 0.47 N/mm2
Bending compressive stress, sc, cal = 3.30 N/mm2

Check
σ c o, cal σ , cal
i) Combined stress =  c  0.59 < 1.0 O.K.
σ co σc
ii) Resultant tension, s t, cal = 2.83 N/mm2 > 0.53 N/mm2
iii) Resultant compressive stress = 3.77 N/mm2 < 6.67 O.K.

iv) Tensile stress in steel = 37.72 N/mm2 < 200 O.K.
Provide 32 numbers 32 mm diameter bars giving area of steel= 25736 mm2
Spacing of bars = 140 mm > 25447 mm2 O.K.
Design for lateral tie:

Diameter of lateral tie >f L/4 = 8 mm
> 8 mm
Pitch of lateral tie < least lateral dimension of column = 1800 mm
< 12x dia of smallest longitudinal bar = 384 mm
Provide 10 mm dia lateral tie @ 150 mm c/c at ends and @ 200 mm c/c at
span with cross links.
Check for stresses in concrete and steel for case B


0.45 < 2.03 < 2.70 O.K.
Therefore, direct stress, sco,cal = 0.24 N/mm2
Check
σ c o, cal σ , cal
i) Combined stress =  c  0.41 < 1.0 O.K.
σ co σc
ii) Resultant tension, st, cal = 2.15 N/mm2 > 0.53 N/mm2

Check for stresses in concrete and steel for case C


0.45 < 1.68 < 2.70 O.K.
Therefore, direct stress, sco,cal = 0.47 N/mm2
Check
σ c o, cal σ c , cal
i) Combined stress =   0.45 < 1.0 O.K.
σ co σc
ii) Resultant tension, st, cal = 3.38 N/mm2 > 0.80 N/mm2


Design of pier cap:
Calculations of loads and Moments

Due to dead Load
Total DL from superstructure = 25.21 t
wt.of pier cap = 2.88 t
Total DL on pier = 28.09 t
Moment due to DL = 13.20 t-m
Due to live Load

Total live load including impact = 26.17 t
Moment due to LL = 12.30 t-m
Due to longitudinal Forces

Due to tractive effort or braking = 5.54 t
This act at = 1.2 m above deck level
or at a distance from center of cap = 3.15 m
Due to resistance in bearing due to temperature
Unbalanced force at the bearing = 5.55 t
Unbalanced force due to temperature on DL only = 0.63 t
This force acts at the bearing level, i.e. at a distance from cap = 1.65 m
Total longitudinal force due to Breaking & temperature 11.09 t

Moment due to longitudinal force = 26.61 t-m
Moment due to temperature on DL only = 1.04 t-m

A. Along longitudinal direction
Description Total Load (t) Seismic Load(t) Lever arm (m) Moment (t-m)
Total 28.09 2.81 2.53

Horizontal Force (t) Moment (t-m)
Description Vertical Load
Tran. Long. Tran. Long.
DL (Superstr.) 28.09
LL 26.17 12.30
Longitudinal force
(Braking+Temp) 11.09 26.61
Seismic forces 2.81 2.53
The forces and moments due to seismicity are grater than those due to wind forces. As per standard
design practce, the seismic forces and moments will be adopted neglecting the effect due to wind forces.
Case A: DL+LL+LF+WC B: DL+LF+WC+B C: Case A + SF

Vertical load (t) 54.27 28.09 54.27
Horizontal Load (t) 11.09 11.09 11.09
Moment (t-m) 12.30 0.00 12.30
Twisting Moment (t-m) 19.58 0.00 22.11
Design of pier cap

Extra moment due to torsion, Mt = 13.39 t-m >M
Equivalent moment, Me = 25.69 t-m
Depth of pier cap required = 301.4 mm
Depth of pier cap provided = 550 mm

Area of steel required = 2548 mm2

Min. area of steel required = 4168 mm2
Provide 10 nos. of 25 mm f bars giving area of steel = 4909 mm2
Mompression reinforcement = 1328 mm2 > 4168 mm2 OK
Provide same area of steel at bottom also.
Equivalent shear force = 62.74 t
Shear stress, tv = 0.31 N/mm2
Percentage area of tension steel = 0.24 %
Permissible shear strength of concrete, tc = 0.23 N/mm2
Assuming 16 mm f 6 legged vertical stirrups giving area of steel = 1206.4 mm2
Spacing of stirrups = 833 mm c/c
Provide 12 mm f 6 legged vertical stirrups @ 130 mm c/c
Provide 3 nos. 20 mm dia. Bars on each face as a side face bars.

Design of pier footing

width of pier = 1.8 m
width of footing = 6.5 m
length of pier = 1.8 m
projection = 2.35 m
length of footing = 6.5 m
Depth of footing = 2m
Calculation of vertical load on foundation base

Due to dead load
Superstructure = 46.428 t
Pier shaft = 26.26 t
Pier cap = 5.76 t
Total = 78.449 t
Due to live load

Maximum live load from superstrcture = 52.35 t
Due to self weight of foundation base

self weight of footing = 202.80 t
Loss in weight due to Buoyancy

Height of pier below HFL = 3.7 m
Buoyancy force on pier = 10.94 t
Buoyancy force on foundation base = 84.50 t
Calculation of moments at Foundation Base Level

Due to superstructure DL+LL
Total superstructure DL = 46.43 t
Total superstructure LL = 52.35 t
these loads act at bearing level, at a distance from toe = 3.25 m
Moment due to unequal LL = 51.66 t-m
Moment about toe due to DL + LL = 372.68 t-m
Due to pier shaft

A. Max. load condition
Load = 32.02 t
lever arm = 3.25 m
moment = 104.07 t-m
B. No.LL+Buoyancy condition
Load = 21.08 t
lever arm = 3.25 m
moment = 68.51 t-m
Due to foundation Base DL

A. Max. load condition
Load = 202.80 t
lever arm = 3.25 m
moment = 659.10 t-m
B. No.LL+Buoyancy condition
Load = 118.30 t

lever arm = 3.25 m

moment = 384.48 t-m
Due to Longitudinal forces:

a) Due to tractive effort or braking = 11.08 t
Which acts at a distance above foundation bottom = 9.15 m
Moment due to tractive effort or braking about foundation base = 101.382 t-m
b) Force due to resistance in bearings due to temperature (DL+LL) = 11.10 t
c) Force due to resistance in bearings due to temperature (0.2DL) = 0.63 t
Due to water current

A. Parallel to the flow
Intensity of water pressure = 2061.35 kg/m2
depth of water above MSL = 6.13 m
Depth of footing base from MSL = 2m
Total force = 22.74 t
this force act at 2/3 of water depth from MSL = 4.09 m
Moment about base = 138.44 t-m
B. Inclined flow to pier (20o skew)

intensity of water parallel to pier = 1937.03 kg/m2
intensity of water perpendicular to pier = 705.02 kg/m2
force parallel to pier (transverse direction) = 21.37 t
force perpendicular to pier (long. Direction) = 7.78 t
moment at foundation base in transverse direction = 130.09 t-m
moment at foundation base in longitudinal direction = 47.35 t-m
Due to wind force

maximum wind force = 7.59 t
acting at a distance from foundation bottom = 8.25 m
moment at foundation base along transverse direction = 62.64 t-m

A. Along longitudinal direction for maximum load condition
Description Load (t) Seismic Load (t) Lever arm (m) Moment (t-m)

Pier cap 5.76 0.58 4.800 2.76
Pier shaft 26.26 2.63 2.650 6.96
Foundation Base 202.80 20.28 1.000 20.28
Total 281.25 28.12 57.86

B. Along transverse Direction

Moment due to dead load is taken to be same as that in longitudinal direction.
In addition, seismic forces and moments on LL including impact must be considered
for transverse directin.
Total LL on pier = 52.35 t
seismic force = 5.23 t
lever arm = 9.15 m
moment = 47.90 t-m
Total seismic moment in transverse direction = 105.76 t-m
Total seismic force in transverse direction = 28.12 t
C. Case of Buoyancy and No LL condition

The seismic force will be lesser than for N+T case due to submerged part of the substructure
and foundation which will be under buoyancy. The seismic forces along both the longitudinal
and transverse directions will be the same.
Description Load (t) Seismic Load (t) Lever arm (m) Moment (t-m)
Superstructure DL 46.43 4.64 6 27.86
Pier cap 5.76 0.58 4.8 2.76
Pier shaft above HFL 0.00 0.00 4.5 0.00
Pier shaft below HFL 21.08 2.11 5.065 10.68
Foundation Base 118.30 11.83 1 11.83
Total 191.57 19.16 53.13
Summary of Moments and Forces

Vertical Loads
Description Case I:Max. Load Case II:B+No LL Case III:Case I+S

DL from superstru. + pier 78.45 73.27 78.45
DL of foundation base 202.80 118.30 202.80
Live load 52.35 - 52.35
Total 333.60 191.57 333.60
Horizontal Forces

Tractive effort or braking 11.08 - 11.08
Temperature effect 11.10 0.63 11.10
Water current 7.78 7.78 7.78
Wind force 7.59 7.59 7.59
Seismic Force - - 28.12
Total 37.55 16.00 65.68
Resisting Moments

Superstructure DL+LL 372.68 202.55 372.68
Pier Body 104.07 68.51 104.07
Foundation Base DL 659.10 384.48 659.10
Total 1135.9 655.53 1135.85

Overturning moments

Water current 47.35 47.35 47.35
Total 220.33 51.42 326.09
Summary:
The above summary of forces is for the total extent of foundation base.
The Loads and moments per meter width of the foundation base will be as follows.
Description Unit Case I:Max. Load Case II:B+No LL Case III:Case I+S
åP T 51.32 29.47 51.32
åH T 5.78 2.46 10.10
åMR t-m 174.75 100.85 174.75
åMO t-m 33.90 7.91 50.17
Design of foundation base

Check against overturning åMR/åMO
Case I Max. Load 5.16 >2 Safe
Case II Buoyancy + No LL 12.75 >2 Safe
Case III Case I + Seismicity 3.48 > 1.5 Safe
Check against Sliding 0.5åP/åH
Case I Max. Load 4.44 > 1.5 Safe
Case II Buoyancy + No LL 5.99 > 1.5 Safe
Case III Case I + Seismicity 2.54 > 1.25 Safe
Check bearing capacity

Eccentricity,
b 1 ΣM R  ΣM O b ΣP  6e 
e =   1 σ max,min  1  
2 ΣP 6 b1  b1 
Case Load e smax smin

Case I Max. Load 0.506 11.58 4.21
Case II Buoyancy + No LL 0.096 4.94 4.13
Case III Case I + Seismicity 0.823 13.89 1.90
Pemissible Value 1.083 40.00 0.00
Design of Base Slab
Downward pressure = pressure due to slab under water = 2.8 t/m2

Case I: N + T Case
smax = 11.58 t/m2
smin = 4.21 t/m2
sh = 6.99 t/m2
st = smin
8.80 t/m2
b2 = 2.45 m sh smax
b4 = 1.60 m st
b7 = 2.45 m

b= 6.5 m
Net upward pressure at A = 1.41 t/m2
Net upward pressure at B = 4.19 t/m2
Moment at B = 7.03 t-m

Effective depth of section requir 303.2 mm
Effective depth of section provided = 1910.00 mm > 303.2 mm

Area of steel required = 201 mm2 O.K.
Similarly,
Net upward pressure at C = 6.00 t/m2
Net upward pressure at D = 8.78 t/m2

Effective depth of section required = 555.80 mm
Effective depth of section provided = 1910.00 mm > 555.8 mm

Area of steel required = 674 mm2 O.K.
Minimum area of steel required @ 0.12 2400 mm2

Provide 25 mm f bars @ 100 mm c/c at bottom of slab, giving area of steel, Ast = 4909
mm2
Distribution steeel: Provide 25 mm f bars @ 150 mm c/c, giving area of steel = 3272.5
mm2
Maximum shear force at B = 6.87 t/m
Maximum shear force at C = 18.12 t/m
Max. Shear stress = 0.095 N/mm2
% area of tension steel = 0.26
Corresponding permissible shear stress = 0.22 N/mm2 > actual shear stress
Shear reinforcement is not required.
Design shear force = -244685 N
Using 10 mm dia 4-legged vertical stirrups, spacing of the stirrups = -490 mm c/c
Provide 10 mm dia 4-legged vertical stirrups at a spacing of 200 mm c/c.
Check for punching shear
Maximum vertical load = DL from superstructure + Pier + LL = 130.80 t

Permissible punching shear stress, tc = ks(0.16(fck)^0.5)
Where,
Bc = short side/long 1.000
ks = (0.5+ 1.50 > 1
ks = 1.00
tc = And 0.716 N/mm2
Punching shear stress = 0.05 N/mm2 < tc O.K.

Check for combined bending and shear stress

fc = 0.27 N/mm2
fcb = 0.39 N/mm2
fc/fcc+fcb/fcbc = 0.11 < 1 O.K.
Case III: Case I + Seismic Case

smax = 13.89 t/m2
smin = 1.90 t/m2
sh = 6.42 t/m2
st = smin
9.37 t/m2
sh smax
b2 = 2.45 m st
b4 = 1.60 m
b7 = 2.45 m
b= 6.5 m
Net upward pressure at A = 1.90 t/m2
Net upward pressure at B = 6.42 t/m2

Stress in steel, fst = 11.93 N/mm2 < 1.5*200 N/mm2 O.K.
Similarly,

Stress in steel, fst = 43.33 N/mm2 < 1.5*200 N/mm2 O.K.

Max. Shear stress = 0.15 N/mm2 < 1.5*tc = 0.335 N/mm2
Shear reinforcement is provided.
Check for combined bending and shear stress

fc = 0.27 N/mm2
fcb = 0.61 N/mm2
fc/fcc+fcb/fcbc = 0.10 < 1 O.K.

B. Design of Substructure
1.0 Design Data:
1.1. Materials and its Properties:
Concrete: M20

Permissible direct compressive stress, sco = 5.0 Mpa
Permissible flexural compressive stress, sc = 6.67 Mpa
Maximum Permissible shear stress, tmax = 1.8 N/mm2

Permissible Flexural Tensile stress, sst = 200 N/mm2
Permissible direct compressive stress, sco = 170 N/mm2
Design of Data:
Modular Ratio = 10
Neutral axis depth factor, n = (msc)/( msc+sst) = 0.250
Lever arm factor, j = (1-n/3) = 0.917
Moment of resistance coefficient, R = ½ x n x j x sc = 0.765
Left Bank foundation on Rock
Right Bank foundation on soil
Unit weight of materials as per IRC : 6-2000:

Water = 1.0 t/m5
Backfill = 1.6 t/m6

Effective Span of Bridge Deck = 15.0 m
Total length of each Span = 15.65 m
Angle of internal friction of backfill = 35 degree
Return wall thickness = 0.35=m0.32 m
Approach slab
Length, L = 3.5 m
Width, B = 8.7 m
Depth, D = 0.5 m
Size of bearing
Length = 500 mm
Width = 400 mm
Thickness = 50 mm
High Flood Level, HFL = 101.13 m
Mean scour depth from H = 6.13 m
Lowest Bed Level = 99.13 m
Bottom level of abutment = 97.43 m
NREC Jawagal-10 ,Lalitpur Page 43

Clearance above HFL = 1.2 m

Top level of abutment = 102.33 m
Depth of superstructure = 1.5 m

Total height of abutment = 3.70 m
h1 = 5.25 m b1 = 1m
h2 = 0.5 m b2 = 0.5 m
h3 = 1.55 m b3 = 0.3 m
h4 = 0m b4 = 0.35 m
h5 = 3.7 m b5 = 0.7 m
h6 = 0.05 m b6 = 0.35 m
Cap overhang, b7 = 0m
Min. length of cap = 4m

Length of abutment shaft = 3.7 m
1.3. Calculation of weight and C.G. of the abutment stem
Elements Area, Ai Weight (t) Xi (m) Yi (m) AiXi AiYi

(m2)
P1 3.70 32.86 0.5 1.85 1.85 6.85
P2 0.93 8.21 1.17 1.23 1.08 1.14
P3 0 0.00 0.50 3.70 0.00 0.00

P4 0.465 4.13 0.15 4.48 0.07 2.08
5.09 45.20 3.00 10.07
C.G. from back of abutment, x = 0.589 from bottom of abutment, y = 1.978

e= -0.239 m
Moment about back face = 26.63 t-m
1.4. Calculation of Loads and Moments

Due to Dead Load
Dead load from superstructure, = 30.95 t
Weight of bearings, expansion joint etc. = 2t
Total dead load from superstructure on each abutment, PDL 32.95
= t
Distance of bearing center from back of abutmen= 0.7 m
Eccentricity of DL & LL from superstructure acting through bearing,
e= -0.239 m
Moment due to DL of superstructure about CG of abu -7.88 t-m
Due to Live Load
Live load from superstructure:

Due to IRC Class A wheel load, in longitudinal direction,

Max. LL on abutment from right side = (11.4*25+11.4*23.8+6.8*19.5+6.8*16.5+6.8*13.5+6.8*10.5)/25
= 38.57 t
impact factor = 1.214
Max LL including Impact, PLL = 46.84 t
Moment due to eccentric load = -11.20 t-m
In transverse direction, eccentricity of load = 0.85 m

Moment due to live load = 39.81 t-m
Due to Earth Pressure

Horizontal force due to earth pressure = 0.5gs´h12´tan2(45o-f/2)´t
= 22.11 t
Which acts at a distance from abutment base = 0.42xh1 = 2.21 m
Magnitude of surcharge, q = 1.2xgs = 1.92 t/m2
Horizontal force due to surcharge = qxh1xtan (45-f/2)xt =
2
10.11 t/m2
Which acts at a distance from abutment base = h1/2 = 2.625 m
Weight of backfill behind the abutment resting on foundation = 0.0 t
Moment due to earth pressure about abutment base = 75.28 t-m
Due to Temperature Variation

Horizontal force due to temp. Variation = 0.15(PDL+PLL) = 11.97 t
Which acts at a distance (bearing level) from abutment base = 3.75 m
Moment due to temperature variation = 44.88 t-m
Due to Braking Effect

Effect due to class A loading = 0.2x55.4 = 11.08 t
This acts at distance above deck level = 1.2 m
And at a distance from abutment base = 6.95 m
Moment due to braking about abutment base = 77.01 t-m
Due to Seismic force

Description Total Load (t) Seismic Lever arm (m) Moment (t-m)
Load (t)
Abutment shaft P1 32.86 3.29 1.85 6.08
Abutment shaft P2 8.21 0.82 1.23 1.01
Abutment shaft P3 0.00 0.00 3.70 0.00
Abutment shaft P4 4.13 0.41 4.48 1.85
Approach slab 36.54 3.65 5.50 20.10
Backfill 0 0.00 2.63 0.00
Total 114.69 11.47 45.51

The summary of loads and moments are tabulated below. The transverse forces and moments are
not considered, since it would not be critical due to high moment of inertia of abutment. Therefore
stresses are checked in longitudinal direction only.

Description Vertical load (t) Horizontal force (t) Moment (t-m)

Superstructure DL 32.95 -7.88
LL including Impact 46.84 -11.20
Self wt. of abutment 45.20 0.00
Braking effect 11.08 77.01
Temperature 11.97 44.88
Variation
Earth Pressure 32.22 75.28
Sub Total 124.99 55.26 178.08
Seismic Force 11.47 45.51
Total 124.99 66.73 223.60
As per standard design practice, design of abutment would be carried out for case A, and checked
for case B, as given below.
Case A: (N+T) B: (N+T+S)

Vertical load (t) 124.99 124.99
Horizontal force (t) 55.26 66.73
Moment (t-m) 178.08 223.60
Design of abutment stem section

Abutment section will be designed for case A and the section adequacy will be checked for case B.
Design moment = 178.08 t-m
Depth of section required =

M
 793 mm < 1410 O.K.
Rb
Clear cover to reinforcement = 75 mm
Effective depth provided = 1410 mm
M
Area of steel required for tension, Ast =  6889.367 mm2
 st  j d
Provide 14 nos. of 28 mm f bars giving area of steel = 8621
mm2 and spacing 272 mm c/c.
Provide 16 mm f bars @ 150 mm c/c at the front side of the abutment, giving
area of steel, Ast = 5027 mm2. Provided nos of bars = 15
Design horizontal force = 55.26 t

Corresponding shear stress, tv = 0.11 N/mm2
Percentage area of tension steel, 100Ast/bd = 0.17 %
Shear strength increment factor = 1+5P/(Agxfck) = 1.056 < 1.5 O.K.
Design shear strength of concrete, tc = 0.26 > tv O.K.
Check for shear at the bottom of the abutment cap.

Total horizontal force at the bottom of the cap = 23.05 t
Depth of abutment = 1000 mm
Effective depth, d = 893 mm
Corresponding shear stress, tv = 0.07 < tc O.K.

Tension reinforcement required at different level along the height of abutments.

At 2.1 m above base of abutment
Load Type Load (t) Lever arm (m) Moment
DL of Superstructure 32.95 -0.239 -7.88
Live load (LL) 46.84 -0.239 -11.20
Breaking load 11.08 4.85 53.74
Temperature load 11.97 1.65 19.75
Earth Pressure 7.96 1.32 10.53
Surcharge 6.06 1.58 9.55
Total 74.48
Overall depth of abutment = 1216 mm
Effective depth of abutment = 1109 mm
Area of tension reinforcement req. = 3663 mm2
Provide 7 numbers of 28 mm f bars
, giving area of steel = 4310 mm2
Actual point of curtailment = 3.39 m from base of abutment.
Rear side Reinforcement

Provide 16 mm f bars @ 150 mm c/c at rear side of the abutment.
Check for stresses for case B

Bending Moment = 223.60 t-m
Stress in steel = 200.68 N/mm2 < 300 O.K.
Horizontal force = 66.73 t
Corresponding shear stress = 0.13 N/mm2 < 0.38 O.K.
Design of abutment cap:
Vertical reaction due to

Dead load, PDL/2 = 16.48 t
Live load including impact, PLL/2= 23.42 t
Total vertical reaction = 39.90 t
Providing minimum area of steel @ 1% assuming cap thickness 225 mm, area of steel required /m
of cap = 2250 mm2 (for both top and bottom layer).
Provide 16 mm f bars @ 150 mm c/c, at both top and bottom layers in both ways, giving area of
steel, Ast = 2680 mm2.
As per IRC:78-2000, clause 710.10.4 the two layers of mesh reinforcement, one at 20 mm from
top and the other at 100 mm from top of abutment cap each consisting of 8 mm f bars @ 100 mm
c/c in both directions, shall be provided directly under the bearings.
Check for bearing stresses
The allowable bearing pressure with nearly uniform distribution on the loaded area of a footing or
base under a bearing or column shall be given by following equation,
A1
C= C 0 
A2
C0 = 6.25 MPa, permissible direct compressive stress in concrete
A1 = 0.42 m2, dispersed largest concentric area similar to A2
A2 = 0.2 m2, loaded area
A1/A2
Therefore, 1/2 = = 2.1 >2

And, C = 8.84 Mpa

Actual compressive stress = 1.99 < C O.K.
Design of Backwall:
Horizontal force due to earth pressure = 0.5gs´(h3- h2) ´tan (45 -f/2)
2 2 o
= 0.24 t/m
Which acts at a distance from backwall base = 0.441 m
Magnitude of surcharge, q = 1.92 t/m2
Horizontal force due to surcharge = q´(h3-h2)´tan (45o-f/2)
2
= 0.55 t/m
Which acts at a distance from backwall base = 0.525 m
Self weight of backwall /m width = 0.756 t/m
Live load on back wall considering class A loading = 5.7 t
This acts at a distance from backwall toe = 0.15 m
Moment due to earth pressure about backwall base = 0.39 t-m/m

Moment due to self weight and LL = 0.97 t-m/m
Total Moment = 1.36 t-m/m
Effective depth of backwall = 244 mm
Area of steel required, Ast = 304 mm2
Provide 12 mm f bars @ 150 mm c/c, giving area of steel, Ast = 753 mm2. And provide 10 mm f
bars @ 200 mm c/c as distribution bar.
Design of Approach Slab:

The approach slab is resting over the abutment and the other end supported by the soil underneath.
It should be designed on the basis of elastic base theory, which is complicated. Hence the
dimensions and reinforcement is provided as per the standard design practice.
Self weight /m width = 1.2 t/m

Weight of pavement = 0.18 t/m
Total udl = 1.38 t/m
Maximum live load = 2*11.4 t at 1.2m spacing
Max moment long. Direction = 20.10 kN-m/m (from SAP analysis)
Effective depth of slab required = 162 mm
Provide 12 mm f bars @ 150 mm c/c both on top and bottom, giving area of
steel, Ast = 754 mm2.
Max moment transverse Direction = 15.90 kN-m (from SAP analysis)
Effective depth of slab required = 144 mm
Provide 10 mm f bars @ 150 mm c/c both on top and bottom, giving area of
steel, Ast = 524 mm2. And provide 10 mm f bars @ 200 mm c/c as distribution bar.
Maximum shear force = 31.0 kN/m

Shear stress = 0.07 N/mm2
Percentage area of steel = 0.17

Permissible shear stres = 0.258 N/mm2 > actual shear stress O.K.
Design of RCC Stoppers:
Base width of sttoper, b1 = 0.6 m

Top width of sttoper, b2 = 0.45 m
Height above abutment cap, h1 = 0.45 m
Length of sttoper, l = 0.7 m
Horizontal force acting on the stopper above pier cap @ 10% of vertical load= 3.30 t
Friction resistance = 4.94 t
However as additional factor of safety, assuming an extra lateral force in excess of frictional
resistance taking aR = 0.20 in worst case, Fs = 6.59 t
Difference = 1.65 t
Moment at the base of stopper = 0.74 t-m
Effective depth required = 118 mm
Provide 16 mm f bars @ 200 mm c/c. Area of steel provided = 704 mm2
Max. Shear stress, tv = 0.04 N/mm2
Percentage area of steel provided, p = 0.19 %
Permissible minimum shear strength of concrete = 0.18 N/mm2 > tv O.K.
Provide nominal shear reinforcement of 8 mm f bars @ 100 mm c/c.
Design of Return wall:

Return wall will be monolithic with the backwall. They are joined together through 30 cm x 30 cm fillets.
The load acting on the wing walls would be earth pressure and is designed to withstand a live load
equivalent to surcharge of 1.2 m height of earth fill according to IRC:78-2000.
h1 = 2.25 m
h2 = 1.0 m
h3 = 1.95 m
h4 = 0.4 m
b1 = 1.5 m
Thickness of return wall assumed = 300 mm
Average value of earth pressure = 0.5gs´(h1/2+h2/2+1.2)2´tan2(45o-f/2)
= 1.73 t
Acting at a distance from wing wall bottom = 0.8125 m
Moment due to earth pressure = 1.25 t-m/m
Depth required = 100 mm < 244 mm OK
Provide 12 mm f bars @ 150 mm c/c, giving area of steel, Ast = 1225
mm2. And provide 10 mm f bars @ 150 mm c/c as distribution bar in vertical
direction. In the fillet at the joint provide nominal reinforcement of 10 mm f bars @ 200 mm c/c.
The wing wall would be properly anchored to the abutment, backwall and cap.

Design of abutment base slab

4.2 Geometrical Properties:
High Flood Level, HFL = = 101.1 m
Maximum depth of scour from HFL = = 6.13 m
Elevation of maximum scour level (MSL) = = 95 m
Max. Water depth in the river = = 6.13 m
Water depth near the abutment = = 0.2 m
Proportionate scour depth near the abutment = 0.2 m
Elevation of MSL near abutment = = 100.9 m
Lowest Bed Level = = 99.13 m
Elevation of top of foundation base = = 97.43 m
Bottom level of foundation = = 96.63 m
h1 = 5.25 m
h2 = 0.5 m
h3 = 1.55 m
h4 = 0m
h5 = 3.7 m

b3
h2
b9
CLof Bearing
h3
4
b5
b4b6
h6
b7
h4
3
b1
HFL
h1
h8
h5
1
h7
LBL
h9
2
MSL
b10 b11 b12
b8
h10
h11
b13
h6 = h6 = 0.05 m
HFL above MSL, h7 = 6.13 m
HFL above min. bed level h8 = 2m
MSL below min. bed level, h9 = 0m
Top of foundation base below MSL, h10 = -2.4 m (abutment is about 12 m in bank)
Depth of foundation, h11 = 0.8 m
b1 = 1.0 m
b3 = 0.3 m
b7 = 0m
b8 = 0.9 m
b9 = 3m
b10 = 2.75 m
b11 = 1m
b12 = 2.75 m
Foundation base length, b13 = 6.5 m
Abutment base length 6.5 m

Foundation projection beyond abutment stem 0.8 m
Total width of foundation 6.5 m
Angle of internal friction of soil 35 degree
Safe bearing capacity of soil 350 t/m2

Calculation of vertical load on foundation base

Due to Dead Load
Superstructure = 32.95 t
Backwall = 4.13 t
Abutment cap = 0.00 t
Abutment shaft = 41.07 t
Soil behind abutment = 150.15 t
Approach slab = 36.54 t
Soil in front of abutment = 150.15 t
Total = 414.99 t
Due to Live Load
Maximum live load including impact = 46.84 t
Due to self weight of foundation base = 81.12 t
Loss in weight due to Buoyancy

Depth of abutment shaft below HFL = 3.7 m
Abutment width at HFL = 1.000 m
Loss in weight of abutment shaft = 24.05 t
Loss in weight of soil behind abutment = 66.14 t
Loss in weight of soil in front of abutment = 93.84 t
Total buoyant force on abutment = 184.03 t
Buoyant force on foundation base = 33.80 t
Calculation of Moments at Foundation Base Level

Due to superstructure DL+LL
Total superstructure DL+LL = 79.79 t
This load acts at bearing which is at distance from foundation toe = 3.65 m
Corresponding moment = 291.23 t-m
Superstructure DL = 32.95 t
Moment at foundation toe due to DL = 120.27 t-m
Due to Abutment + Soil filling DL

A. Maximum Load Condition
i) Due to abutment body
Load = 45.20 t
Lever arm = 3.16 m
Moment = 142.87 t-m
ii) Due to Backfill and approach slab
Load = 186.69 t
Lever arm = 5.125 m
Moment = 956.79 t-m
iii) Due to soil fill in front of abutment
Load = 150.15 t
Lever arm = 1.375 m
Moment = 206.46 t-m
Total moment due to abutment + soil filling DL = 1306.11 t-m

B. No LL + Buoyancy Condition
i) Due to abutment body
Load = 21.15 t
Lever arm = 3.16 m
Moment = 66.85 t-m
ii) Due to Backfill and approach slab
Load = 120.55 t
Lever arm = 5.125 m
Moment = 617.83 t-m
iii) Due to soil fill in front of abutment
Load = 56.31
Lever arm = 1.375
Moment = 77.42
Total moment due to abutment + soil filling DL = 762.10 t-m
Due to Foundation Base DL

Load = 81.12 t
Lever arm = 3.25 m
Moment = 263.64 t-m
Due to Earth Pressure

Earth pressure= 22.11 t
Lever arm = 3.01 m
Surcharge = 10.11 t
Lever arm = 3.425 m
Total Moment= 101.05 t-m
Due to Longitudinal forces:

a) Due to tractive effort or braking = 11.08 t
b) Force due to resistance in bearings due to temperature (DL+LL) = 11.97 t
c) Force due to resistance in bearings due to temperature (0.2DL) = 6.59 t
Due to Seismic Forces:
A. Along longitudinal direction for maximum load condition

Description Load (t) Seismic Load (t) Lever arm Moment (t-m)
Superstructure DL 32.95 3.30 (m)
5.775 19.03
Abutment shaft P1 32.86 3.29 2.65 8.71
Abutment shaft P2 8.21 0.82 2.03333 1.67
Abutment shaft P3 0.00 0.00 4.5 0.00
Abutment shaft P4 4.13 0.41 5.275 2.18
Approach slab 36.54 3.65 6.3 23.02
Backfill 150.15 15.02 3.425 51.43
Foundation Base 81.12 8.11 0.4 3.2

Total 345.96 34.60 109.3
B. Case of buoyancy and no live load

The seismic load will be lesser than that for N+T case due to submerged part of the sub structure which
will be under buoyancy.
Description Load (t) Moment
Seismic Load (t) Lever arm (m) (t-m)
Abutment shaft P1 above HFL 0.00 0.00 4.5 0.00
Abutment shaft P1 below HFL 33.67 3.37 2.65 8.92
Abutment shaft P2 above HFL 0.00 0.00 4.50 0.00
Abutment shaft P2 below HFL 0.00 0.00 0.8 0.00
Abutment Cap P3 0.00 0.00 4.5 0.00
Abutment backwall P4 7.25 0.73 5.275 3.83
Approach slab 36.54 3.65 6.3 23.02
Backfill above HFL 44.33 4.43 5.275 23.38
Backfill below HFL 39.68 3.97 2.65 10.52
Foundation Base 47.32 4.73 0.4 1.9
Total 241.75 24.17 90.6
Summary of Moments and Forces

Vertical Loads
Description Case I Case II Case III

Max. Load Buoyancy+No LL Case I + Seismicity
DL from superstructure + abutment 414.99 230.96 414.99
DL of foundation base 81.12 47.32 81.12
Live load 46.84 - 46.84
Total 542.95 278.28 542.95
Horizontal Forces

Earth Pressure 32.22 32.22 32.22
Total 55.26 44.18 89.86
Resisting Moments

Superstructure DL+LL 291.23 120.27 291.23
Abutment +Soil filling DL 1306.11 762.10 1306.11
Foundation Base DL 263.64 153.79 263.64
Total 1860.98 1036.17 1860.98

Overturning moments

Earth pressure 101.05 101.05 101.05
Seismic force - - 109.28
Total 247.36 134.33 356.64
Summary:
Loads and moments per meter width of the foundation base will be as follows.
Descriptio Unit Case I Case II Case III
n
åP T 83.53 42.81 83.53
åH T 8.50 6.80 13.82
åMR t-m 286.31 159.41 286.31
åMO t-m 38.06 20.67 54.87
Design of foundation base

Check against overturning åMR/åMO
Case I Max. Load 7.52 >Safe
Case II Buoyancy + No LL 7.71 >Safe
Case III Case I + Seismicity 5.22 >Safe
Check against Sliding 0.5åP/åH

Case I Max. Load 4.91 >Safe
Case II Buoyancy + No LL 3.15 >Safe
Case III Case I + Seismicity 3.02 >Safe
Check bearing capacity

Eccentricity,e =
b1 ΣM R  ΣM O b ΣP  6e 
  1 σ max,min  1  
2 ΣP 6 b1  b1 
Case Load e smax smin

Case I Max. Load 0.278 16.15 9.55
Case II Buoyancy + No LL 0.009 6.64 6.53
Case III Case I + Seismicity 0.479 18.54 7.17
Pemissible Value 1.083 350.00 0.00

Design of Heel Slab

Downward pressure = pressure due to slab and backfill = 10.32 t/m2
Case I: N + T Case
smax = 16.15 t/m2
smin = 9.55 t/m2
sh = 12.34 t/m2
smin
st = 13.36 t/m2 smax
b2 = 2.75 m
st
b4 = 1m
b7 = 2.75 m
sh
b= 6.5 m
Net downward pressure at A = 0.77 t/m2
Net downward pressure at B = 2.02 t/m2

Effective depth of section required = 242.20 mm
Effective depth of section provided = 710.00 mm O.K.

Minimum area of steel required @ 0.12 % = 960 mm2

Provide 16 mm f bars @ 150 mm c/c at top of heel slab, giving area of steel,
Ast = 1340 mm2

% area of tension steel = 0.19
Corresponding permissible shear stress = 0.220 N/mm2 > shear stress
Shear reinforcement should be provided.
Design shear force = -117826 N
Using 8 mm dia 4-legged vertical stirrups, spacing of the stirrups = -242.3 mm c/c
Provide 8 mm dia 4-legged vertical stirrups at a spacing of 200 mm c/c.
Case III: N + T + S Case

smax = 18.54 t/m2 smin sh st smax
smin = 7.17 t/m2
sh = 11.98 t/m2
st = 13.73 t/m2
Net downward pressure at A = 3.15 t/m2

Net downward pressure at B = -1.66 t/m2

Stress in steel = 28.69 N/mm2 < 1.5x200 O.K.

Design shear force = -213692 N Shear reinforcement not required.

Design of toe Slab
Downward pressure = pressure due to slab = 1.92 t/m2
Case I: N + T Case

Moment at C = 50.29 t-m/m

Effective depth of section required = 811 mm < 710 mm
Effective depth of section provided = 1093.00 mm
Provide 25 mm f bars @ 100 mm c/c at bottom of toe slab, giving area of steel,
Ast = 4909 mm2

% area of tension steel, 100Ast/bD = 0.69
Corresponding permissible shear stress = 0.338 N/mm2
Shear reinforcement should be provided.
Design shear force 112948 N
Using 10 mm f 4-legged vertical stirrups, spacing of the stirrups = 395 mm
Provide 10 mm f 4-legged vertical stirrups at a spacing of 200 mm c/c.
Distribution reinforcement:
Provide 16 mm f bars @ 125 mm c/c.
giving area of steel, Ast = 1608 mm2
Case III: N + T + S Case
Net downward pressure at C = 11.81 t/m2

Net downward pressure at D = 16.62 t/m2
Moment at C = 56.77 t-m/m

Stress in steel = 135.76 N/mm2 < 1.5x200 N/mm2 O.K.

Shear stress = 0.55 > 0.507
Shear reinforcements are provided.
Check for punching shear
Maximum vertical load = DL from superstructure + Abutment + LL = 461.83 t

Permissible punching shear stress, t c = ks(0.16(fck)^0.5)
Where,
Bc = short side/long side = 1.000
ks = (0.5+Bc) = 1.50 > 1
ks = 1.00

tcAnd
= 0.716 N/mm2
Punching shear stress = 0.40 N/mm2 < tc = O.K.

Design of well cap for Abutment
Vertical load (V)= 124.99 t

Horizontal force (H)= 55.26 t
Design moment (M)= 178.08 t-m
ecentricity (e)= M/V= 1.42 m
Assuming
An out side diameter of well = 6.5 m
Inside diameter of well= 3.5 m
R1= 3.25 m
R2= 1.75 m
Area of cross section of well steining= pi(D1^2-D2 23.55 m2
P1,2=V/A(1±6e/B)
6.5m
1.75m
0.68 t/m^2
5.72 t/m^2 17.85 t/m^2
P1= 12.29 t/m^2

P2= -1.67 t/m^2
Pressure intensity at distance

1.75 m= 5.72 t/m^2
Area DEFCAD may be assumed to be acted by an avg. upward pressure
of intensity = 6.143834 t/m^2
Critical section will be DF
Ø1= 2INV(COS(1.5/R1)) = 130 deg 125.0271

= 2.182135 rad
Ø2= 2INV(COS(1.5/R2)) = 65 deg 62.00544
1.082199 rad
Area of segment DEF= 14.66374 m^2

Area of segment ABC= 2.783363 m^2
Distance of c.g of segment DEF from O = 4RSIN(Ø/2)^3/(3(Ø-SinØ))
= 0.787038 m
Distance of c.g of segment ABC from O = 6.309168 m
Weight of well cap= 994.9875 KN

Vol. of well cap= 39.7995 m^3
Buoyancy on well cap= 38.80451 KN
Effective weight of well cap= 956.183 KN
BM about section DF= 164.0254 KN-m
Design moment= 246.0381 KN-m
Width of section= 6m
Thickness of well cap 133.5247 mm
Provide thickness = 1.2 m
Ast required= 1300 mm^2

Provide 28 nos. of 16 mm f bars giving area of steel = 5630 mm^2
spacing of 16 mm ø bars = 154.663 mm c/c
Provide 16 mm ø bars @ 140 mm c/c
Design of well foundation for Abutment

Well foundation
Max. Scour level near abutment = 97.43 m
Depth of foundation from H.F.L. 6.13 m
Fixing R.L. of foundation at 5 m for additional grip
Depth of foundation below well cap = 5m
Size of Well
Minnimun diameter =
i.e. D= 0.83 m
Adopt an out side diameter of well as 6.5 m 6.5 m
Thickness of Stening
t= KD*SQRT(L) where t>=500mm
For single circular shaped well in cement concrete
K= 0.03 for sandy strata
l= 97.43 m
t= 1.924779 m >t OK
Provide t = 2m
V= 124.99 t
H= 55.26 t
M= 178.08 t-m
Assuming Ø= 35 deg
ß= 17.5 deg
KA = 0.246
KP = 7.35
Assuming Yb = 10 t/m^3
Depth of zero shear force below scour level

x= 0.752175 m
If Mo be the applied moment at the scour level
Mmax= Mo+2*H*x/3
= 205.7962 t-m
Additional weight of steining= 442.8428 t
Buoyancy= 24.32314 t
Net additional weight= 418.5196 t
Vertical weight= 543.51 t
Moment due to tilt and shift

Ecentricity at the top of well due to permissible tilt= 0.09125 m
Ecentricity at the depth of 19.94 m below scour level= 0.025 m
Moment due to tilt= 13.58772 tm
Shif = 0.15 m
Moment due to shift= 81.52634 tm
Total moment due to tilt and shift = 95.11406 tm

Total moment= 300.9103 tm
Area of cross section of well steining= 23.55 m^2

Ixx= Iyy= 80.22 m^4
f1= 2P1R22/(R22-R12) = 52.91 t/m^2

f2= P1(R12+R22)/(R22-R12) = 16.33 t/m^2
fcc= 9 N/mm^2
= 900 t/m^2
f1,2<<fcc
Hence provide minimum reinforcement.
Maxium pressure intensity acting on the well from outside= 6.355875 KN/m^2
Maxium hoop stress= 11.54651 KN/m^2

= 0.011547 N/mm^2
<<<20 N/mm^2 safe
Minimum area of reinforcement= 0.03 m^2

= 28260 mm^2
Using 16 mm bars,
No of bars= 140.625
= 155.00 nos.
Use 100 bars of 16 mm dia. On the outer face and 55 bars of dia 16 mm
on the inner face.
Transverse reinforcement= 9420 mm^2/m
Provide 12 mm dia. Bar @ 500 mm height on each face.
Design of well cap for Pier
Vertical load (V)= 54.27 t

Horizontal force (H)= 11.09 t
Design moment (M)= 19.58 t-m
ecentricity (e)= M/V= 0.36 m
Assuming
An out side diameter of well = 6.5 m
Inside diameter of well= 3.5 m
R1= 3.25 m
R2= 1.75 m
Area of cross section of well steining= pi(D1^2-D2 23.55 m2
P1,2=V/A(1±6e/B)=
6.5m
1.75m
4.36t/m^2
5.67 t/m^2 6.18 t/m^2
P1= 3.07 t/m^2

P2= 1.54 t/m^2
Pressure intensity at distance

1.75 m= 5.67 t/m^2
Area DEFCAD may be assumed to be acted by an avg. upward pressure
of intensity = 1.54 t/m^2
Critical section will be DF
Ø1= 2INV(COS(1.5/R1)) = 130 deg 125.02715

= 2.268928 rad
Ø2= 2INV(COS(1.5/R2)) = 65 deg 62.005438
1.134464 rad
Area of segment DEF= 16.8949 m^2

Area of segment ABC= 0.471067 m^2
Distance of c.g of segment DEF from O = 4RSIN(Ø/2)^3/(3(Ø-SinØ))
0.765684 m
Distance of c.g of segment ABC from O = 5.237287 m
Weight of well cap= 994.9875 KN

Vol. of well cap= 39.7995 m^3
Buoyancy on well cap= 38.80451 KN
Effective weight of well cap= 956.183 KN
BM about section DF= 211.3798 KN-m
Design moment= 317.0696 KN-m
Width of section= 6m
Thickness of well cap 151.5786 mm
Provide thickness = 1.2 m
Ast required= 1388.8 mm^2

Provide 28 nos. of 16 mm f bars giving area of steel = 5630 mm^2
spacing of 16 mm ø bars = 144.7739 mm c/c
Provide 16 mm ø bars @ 140 mm c/c
Design of well foundation for Pier

Well foundation
Max. Scour level near pier = 97.43 m
Depth of foundation from H.F.L. 6.13 m
Fixing R.L. of foundation at 5 m for additional grip

Depth of foundation below well cap = 5m
Size of Well
Minnimume diameter =
i.e. D= 0.83 m
Adopt an out side diameter of well as 6.5 m 6.5 m
Thickness of Stening
t= KD*SQRT(L) where t>=500mm
K= 0.03 for sandy strata
l= 97.43 m
t= 1.92 m >t OK
Provide t = 2m
V= 54.27 t
H= 11.09 t
M= 19.58 t-m
Assuming Ø= 35 deg
ß= 17.5 deg
KA= 0.246
KP= 7.35
Assuming Yb = 10 t/m^3
Depth of zero shear force below scour level

x= 0.336947 m
If Mo be the applied moment at the scour level
Mmax= = Mo+2*H*x/3
22.07382 t-m
Additional weight of steining= 198.3777 t

Buoyancy= 10.8959 t
Net additional weight= 187.4818 t
Vertical weight= 241.75 t
Ecentricity at the top of well due to permissible tilt= 0.014511 m

Ecentricity at the depth of 19.94 m below scour level= 0.025 m
Moment due to tilt= 6.043761 tm
Shif = 0.15 m
Moment due to shift= 36.26257 tm

Total moment= 42.30633 tm
Area of cross section of well steining= 23.55 m^2

Ixx= Iyy= 80.22 m^4
f1= 2P1R22/(R22-R12) = 15.40 t/m^2

f2= P1(R1 +R2 )/(R2 -R1 )
2 2 2 2
= 15.40 t/m^2
fcc= 9 N/mm^2
= 900 t/m^2
f1,2<<fcc
Hence provide minimum reinforcement.
Maxium pressure intensity acting on the well from outside= 2.847205 KN/m^2
Maxium hoop stress= 5.172422 KN/m^2

= 0.005172 N/mm^2
<<<20 N/mm^2 safe
Minimum area of reinforcement= 0.03 m^2

= 28260 mm^2
Using 16 mm bars,
No of bars= 140.625
= 155.00 nos.
Use 100 bars of 16 mm dia. On the outer face and 55 bars of dia 16 mm
on the inner face.
Transverse reinforcement= 9420 mm^2/m
Provide 12 mm dia. Bar @ 500 mm height on each face.
Main Girders Per Span
Ø2/162
S.N. Distances
a. Lap. (m) b. (m) L (m) Bar Mark Bar dia. Nos. Total L Weight Total Wt. Remarks
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (m) (Kg/m) (Kg)
1 600 2080 600 22000 LG1 28 10 25.28 4.83 1221.948 Lap=2080
2 600 2080 600 16500 LG2 28 2 19.78 4.83 191.2194 Lap=2080
3 600 2080 600 11000 LG3 28 4 14.28 4.83 276.0983 Lap=2080
4 600 2080 600 5500 LG4 28 5 8.78 4.83 212.1974 Lap=2080
5 300 3745 LG5 16 8 8.09 1.58 102.1499
6 7255 LG6 20 8 14.51 2.47 286.2707
7 1608 120 290 S1 12 56 4.036 0.89 200.6602
8 1608 100 290 S2 10 80 3.996 0.62 197.0947
9 1608 100 290 S3 10 100 3.996 0.62 246.3684
28 10.47 0.62 180.7442
10 10470 460 10470 E1 10 28 10.47 0.62 180.7442 Lap=460
11 100 310 100 L1 10 564 0.51 0.62 177.3409
Total= 3472.836
For 5 span= 17364.18
Cross Girders Per Span
S.N. Distances
1 500 500 5000 CG1 16 12 6 1.58 113.6402
2 500 500 5000 CG2 16 12 6 1.58 113.6402
3 500 500 5000 CG3 20 24 6 2.47 355.13
4 500 500 5000 CG4 20 24 6 2.47 355.13
5 1210 100 235 S5 10 28 3.09 0.62 53.34
6 1210 100 235 S6 12 48 3.09 0.89 131.68
7 3045 E3 12 20 3.045 0.89 54.07
8 2745 E4 12 48 2.745 0.89 116.98
9 540 540 S7 10 75 1.08 0.62 49.94
10 100 245 100 L2 10 75 0.445 0.62 20.58
Total= 1364.118
For 5 span= 6820.589
Deck Slab Per Span
S.N. Distances
1 75 75 5900 S1 12 232 6.05 0.89 1246.1
16 11.33 111.8
2 100 460 100 11230 S2 10 0.62 Lap=460
16 11.33 111.8
3 100 700 300 2800 S3 16 220 3.9 1.58 1354.2
4 300 800 300 800 S13 12 105 2.2 0.89 205.1
10 11.33 69.9
5 100 460 100 11230 S4 10 0.62 Lap=460
10 11.33 69.9
6 100 100 7100 S5 12 110 7.3 0.89 712.9
10 11.33 69.9
7 100 460 100 11230 S6 10 0.62 Lap=460
10 11.33 69.9
8 100 1650 S7 12 20 1.75 0.89 31.1
9 3000 S8 12 30 3 0.89 79.9
10 350 250 350 355 S9 8 208 1.305 0.39 107.1
20 11.33 201.2
11 100 460 100 11230 S10 12 0.89 Lap=460
20 11.33 201.2
10 11.33 69.9
12 100 460 100 11230 S11 10 0.62 Lap=460
10 11.33 69.9
13 100 3100 S12 12 220 3.2 0.89 625.0
Total= 5406.5
For 5 span= 27032.3
Abutment Wall Per Wall
S.N. Distances
1 600 300 6650 AB1 28 14 7.55 4.83 510.92
2 600 300 6650 AB2 28 14 7.55 4.83 510.92
3 500 600 5400 AB3 28 14 6.5 4.83 439.86
4 500 600 5400 AB4 28 14 6.5 4.83 439.86
5 150 440 5600 AB5 16 31 6.19 1.58 302.87
6 400 400 5670 AB6 16 15 6.47 1.58 153.18
7 400 400 5670 AB7 16 15 6.47 1.58 153.18
8 400 400 5670 AB8 16 20 6.47 1.58 204.24
9 60 300 1250 AB9 16 35 1.61 1.58 88.94
10 60 60 2090 AB10 12 35 2.21 0.89 68.67
11 200 200 5720 AB11 10 18 6.12 0.62 67.92
12 900 75 AB12 6 6 15 0.22 19.98
13 900 900 AB13 6 6 15 0.22 19.98
Total= 2980.499
For 2 ABT. 5961
Abutment stopper per stopper
S.N. Distances
1 200 200 200 520 AST1 20 6 1.12 2.47 16.57253
2 200 200 700 AST2 16 6 1.1 1.58 10.41702
3 60 244 2194 AST3 8 1 2.498 0.39 0.985671
4 60 264 2194 AST4 8 1 2.518 0.39 0.993563
5 60 284 2194 AST5 8 1 2.538 0.39 1.001454
6 60 304 2194 AST6 8 1 2.558 0.39 1.009346
7 60 324 2194 AST7 8 1 2.578 0.39 1.017238
8 60 344 2194 AST8 8 1 2.598 0.39 1.025129
Total per stopper= 33.02195
Pier (Per Pier)
S.N. Distances
1 500 600 4785 P1 32 32 5.89 6.31 1188.93
2 250 1800 P2 10 30 5.90 0.62 109.22
3 500 3700 500 1800 P3 25 10 5.90 3.85 227.54
4 700 700 5700 P4 25 10 7.10 3.85 273.59
5 5700 P5 12 4 5.70 0.89 20.24
6 300 1170 1700 P6 12 25 11.12 0.89 246.81
7 300 1050 1700 P7 12 46 10.40 0.89 424.73
8 800 900 P8 6 12 10.80 0.22 28.77
9 800 900 P9 6 12 10.80 0.22 28.77
Total per Pier= 2548.586
Pier stopper per stopper
S.N. Distances
1 200 200 200 520 PST1 16 6 1.12 1.58 10.61
2 200 200 700 PST2 16 6 1.1 1.58 10.42
3 60 244 2194 PST3 8 1 5.00 0.39 1.97
4 60 264 2194 PST4 8 1 5.04 0.39 1.99
5 60 284 2194 PST5 8 1 5.08 0.39 2.00
6 60 304 2194 PST6 8 1 5.12 0.39 2.02
7 60 324 2194 PST7 8 1 5.16 0.39 2.03
8 60 344 2194 PST8 8 1 5.20 0.39 2.05
Total per stopper= 33.08824
Abutment well cap
S.N. Distances
1 500 500 6370 AWC1 28 22 7.37 4.83 783.73
2 500 500 6370 AWC2 28 22 7.37 4.83 783.73
3 700 5854 AWC3 16 1 19.12 1.58 30.18
4 700 5454 AWC4 16 1 17.83 1.58 28.14
5 700 5054 AWC5 16 1 15.94 1.58 25.16
6 700 4654 AWC6 16 1 15.32 1.58 24.18
7 700 4254 AWC7 16 1 14.06 1.58 22.19
Total per WELL CAP= 1697.307
Abutment Well Per Well
S.N. Distances
1 300 700 200 5500 AW1 16 70 6.70 1.58 740.24
2 300 700 635 4900 AW2 12 70 6.54 0.89 406.13
3 100 100 1870 AW3 8 2250 2.07 0.39 1837.78
4 800 6500 AW4 16 41 21.22 1.58 1373.21
5 800 3500 AW5 12 41 11.80 0.89 429.36
6 AW6 16 75 3.80 1.58 449.83
7 800 5376 AW7 12 5 17.69 0.89 78.52
8 800 5370 AW8 16 2 17.67 1.58 55.78
9 800 5168 AW9 16 1 17.04 1.58 26.89
10 800 4142 AW10 16 2 13.81 1.58 43.60
11 700 4242 AW11 12 1 14.03 0.89 12.45
16 700 4442 AW12 12 1 14.65 0.89 13.01
700 4622 AW13 12 1 15.22 0.89 13.51
700 4808 AW14 16 1 15.80 1.58 24.95
700 4983 AW15 12 1 16.35 0.89 14.52
300 650 400 1500 AW16 12 75 2.85 0.89 189.77
17 300 300 430 AW17 12 240 1.03 0.89 219.47
Total= 5929.014
For 2 Abtmt. 11858
Pier well cap
S.N. Distances
1 500 500 6370 PWC1 32 34 7.37 6.31 1582.00
2 500 500 6370 PWC2 32 20 7.37 6.31 930.59
3 700 5854 PWC3 16 1 19.12 1.58 30.18
4 700 5454 PWC4 16 1 17.83 1.58 28.14
5 700 5054 PWC5 16 1 15.94 1.58 25.16
6 700 4654 PWC6 16 1 15.32 1.58 24.18
7 700 4254 PWC7 16 1 14.06 1.58 22.19
Total per WELL CAP= 2642.435
Pier Well Per Well
S.N. Distances
1 300 700 200 5500 PW1 16 70 6.70 1.58 740.24
2 300 700 635 4900 PW2 12 70 6.54 0.89 406.13
3 100 100 1870 PW3 8 2250 2.07 0.39 1837.78
4 800 6500 PW4 16 41 21.22 1.58 1373.21
5 800 3500 PW5 12 41 11.80 0.89 429.36
6 PW6 16 75 3.80 1.58 449.83
7 800 5376 PW7 12 5 17.69 0.89 78.52
8 800 5370 PW8 16 2 17.67 1.58 55.78
9 800 5168 PW9 16 1 17.04 1.58 26.89
10 800 4142 PW10 16 2 13.81 1.58 43.60
11 700 4242 PW11 12 1 14.03 0.89 12.45
16 700 4442 PW12 12 1 14.65 0.89 13.01
700 4622 PW13 12 1 15.22 0.89 13.51
700 4808 PW14 16 1 15.80 1.58 24.95
700 4983 PW15 12 1 16.35 0.89 14.52
300 650 400 1500 PW16 12 75 2.85 0.89 189.77
17 300 300 430 PW17 12 240 1.03 0.89 219.47
Total= 5929.014
For 4 Pier 23716.06
Aproach Slab at Right Bank
S.N. Distances
1 150 150 3400 AS1 12 29 3.7 0.89 95.26
2 150 150 3400 AS2 12 29 3.7 0.89 95.26
3 100 100 7200 AS3 10 48 7.4 0.62 218.99
4 100 100 7200 AS4 10 48 7.4 0.62 218.99
Total = 628.51
Aproach Slab at Left Bank
S.N. Distances
1 150 150 3400 AS1 12 29 3.7 0.89 95.26
2 150 150 3400 AS2 12 29 3.7 0.89 95.26
3 100 100 7200 AS3 10 48 7.4 0.62 218.99
4 100 100 7200 AS4 10 48 7.4 0.62 218.99
Total = 628.51
Reinforcement Schedule for Railing Post per span

S.N. Distances
1 50 200 100 1038 R1 12 8 1.73 0.89 12.29
2 100 300 100 1038 R2 12 256 1.88 0.89 427.29
3 700 700 R3 8 594 0.32 0.39 75.00
Total = 514.58
DETAILED ESTIMATE
Project
Location
Item Description No. Length Breadth Height Quantity Unit

No. (m) (m) (m)
1 Diversion of river flow for excavation and
other works including dewatering and
support for excavation 1 - - - 1.00 job
2 Site clearance including cutting and removing
bushes and roots, lead upto 25m for disposal
a) Bridge site 2 400.00 30.00 - 12000.00 m²
3 Supply of photocopier as specified in
special provision. 1 - - - 1.00 LS
4 Supply of supervision vehicle as
specified on hire basis during the
construction period 1 - - -
a) Monthly hire of one vehicle as

specified in the bid document including
1000km run (NRs per month) - - - 36.00 Month
b) Hire rate for extra run of the vehicle - - - 30000.00 km

5 Supply of lap top computer as specified
in special provision 1 - - - 1.00 no
6
Mobilization to and demobilization from
the work site of construction
equipments and its accessories
necessary for the construction works. 1 - - - 1.00 LS
7 Fabrication of MS angle well shoe including
supply of material and fixing including welding at
site all completeas per drawing and instruction
ISA 150x150x12 2 17.280 28.3 Kg /m 978.05 kg
Plate stiffner(250x12mm.) 2 17.280 23.55 Kg /m 813.89 kg
Plate stiffner(300x12mm.) 2 17.280 28.26 Kg /m 976.67 kg
8 E/W in excavation in foundation of abutments
in sand and silt mixed soils.
Foundations
i) Well sinking platform (LB) 1 5.0 5.0 2.0 50.00 m3
ii) Well sinking platform (RB) 1 5.0 5.0 2.0 50.00 m3
(iii) Well sinking platform (pier) 0 5.0 5.0 2.0 0.00 m3
100.00 m3
River training and protection works
Earthen embankment at Right bank (US) 1 400.0 5.000 0.500 1000.00 m3
Gabion wall at Right bank (US) 1 200.00 7.00 0.50 700.00 m3
Gabion wall at right bank (US) 1 120.00 7.00 0.50 420.00 m3
Earthen embankment at Right bank (DS) 1 220.00 5.00 0.50 550.00 m3
Earthen embankment at Left bank (US) 1 400.00 5.00 0.50 1000.00 m3
Gabion wall at Left bank (US) 1 200.00 7.00 0.50 700.00 m3
Gabion wall at Left bank (US) 1 120.00 7.00 0.50 420.00 m3
Earthen embankment at Left bank (DS) 1 220.00 5.00 0.50 550.00 m3
Gabbion spurs at Left and Right bank 4 100.00 2.00 0.50 400.00 m3
Retaining wall at the sides of Abutment 4 50.00 1.50 1.00 300.00 m3
6040.00 m3
6140.00 m3
Page 72
DETAILED ESTIMATE
Project
Location

No. (m) (m) (m)
9 Well sinking below water with open sinking
method :
a. 0 to 4 m 2 - - 4.000 8.00 m
b. 4 to 8 m 2 - - 4.000 8.00 rm
c. 8 to 12 m 2 - - 4.000 8.00 rm
e. 12 to 15.0m 2 - - 3.000 6.00 rm
10 PCC Works (M 15)
a. Bottom plug of well 2 A= 4.909 2.000 19.63 m3 D= 6.5 m
b. Top plug of well 2 A= 4.909 0.750 7.36 m3 d= 3.5 m
27.00 m3
11 M 20 Grade Concrete for R.C.C. works in :
Foundation
a. Pier well steining 0 A= 4.909 15.000 0.00 m3 D= 6.5 m
c. Pier well curb 0 14.92 A= 0.560 0.00 m3
d. Abutment well steining 2 A= 4.909 15.000 147.26 m3 d= 3.5
f. Abutment well curb 2 14.92 A= 4.909 146.48 m3 d= 3.5
293.74 m3
Substructure:
a. Abutment and back walls 2 5.20 A= 5.350 55.64 m3
b. Pier shaft 0 A= 2.00 3.4 0.00 m3
c. Stopper at abutment 2x2 1.350 A= 0.260 1.40 m3
d. Stopper at piers 2 2.250 A= 0.260 1.17
58.21 m3
e. Approach slab 2 3.50 5.50 0.20 7.70 m3
65.91 m3
359.65 m3
12 M25 Concrete for R.C.C. works
Sub structures
a. Abutments caps 2 A= 4.909 1.200 11.78 m3 D= 6.5 m
b. Pier caps 0 A= 4.909 1.200 0.00 m3 D= 6.5 m
c. Pier well cap 0 A= 4.909 1.200 0.00 m3 D= 6.5 m
d. Abutment well cap 2 A= 4.909 1.200 11.78 m3 D= 6.5 m
23.56 m3
Page 73
DETAILED ESTIMATE
Project
Location

No. (m) (m) (m)
Superstructure:
a. Main girders 3 15.65 0.4 1.50 28.17 m3
b. Cross girders 6 7.5 0.30 0.90 12.15 m3
c. Fillets (main girders) 0 0.20 Area = 0.01 m2 0.00 m3
d. Fillets (cross girders) 0 0.20 Area = 0.01 m2 0.00 m3
e. End fillets 24 0.200 Area = 0.02 m2 0.07 m3
f. Deck slab 24 15.00 7.5 0.20 540.00 m3
g.Deck slab cantilever part 2 1.20 0.6 0.4 0.74 m3
h. End part of deck slab 2 1.60 0.2 0.2 0.13 m3
i) End & Intermediate posts for 5 span 12 0.30 0.15 0.50 0.27 m3
j) kerbs 2 6.00 0.6 0.13 0.94 m3

582.47 m3
606.03 m3
13 Form work including removing
the timber after completion of work
Well foundation for pier
a) well curb Outer face 0 4.130 - 4.000 0.00 m²
Inner face 0 4.130 - 4.000 0.00 m²
b) Well Steining m²
Outer face 0 4.130 - 4.000 0.00 m²
Inner face 0 4.130 - 4.000 0.00 m²
(c) Well caps 0 6.500 - 1.200 0.00 m²
Abutment m²
a) well curb Outer face 2 4.130 - 4.000 33.04 m²
Inner face 2 4.130 - 4.000 33.04 m²
b) Well Steining m²
Outer face 2 4.130 - 4.000 33.04 m²
Inner face 2 4.130 - 4.000 33.04 m²
(c) Well caps 2 6.500 - 1.200 15.60 m²
147.76 m²
Substructure:
Abutment wall 2 3.70 - 1.00 7.40 m²
Back wall 2 3.7 - 1.000 7.40 m²
Abutment cap 2 1 - 1.5 3.00 m²
Abutment Stopper 2x2 2.8 0.50 5.60 m²
Pier wall 0 3.70 1.800 0.00 m²
Page 74
DETAILED ESTIMATE
Project
Location

No. (m) (m) (m)
Pier cap 0 Area= 20.95 0.00 m²
Pier stopper 0 5.3 0.50 0.00 m²
23.40 m²
Super Structures
a. Deck slab 24 15.65 7.5 - 2817.00 m²
b. Fillets m²
i) For main girder 0 3.75 0.28 - 0.00 m²
ii) For cross girder 0 1.2 - 0.21 0.00 m²
c. Main girders
i) Soffit 3 24.7 0.45 - 33.35 m²
ii) Outer face of girder with cantilever p 2 24.7 2.4 - 118.56 m²
iii) Inner faces 4 24.7 1.4 - 138.32 m²
iv) Ends 4 area=0,67m² 2.68 m²
d. Cross girders
i) Soffit 6 1.6 0.25 2.40 m²
ii) Middle cross girders side face 144 1.6 - 1.00 230.40 m²
iii) End girder outer faces 36 1.6 - 1.15 66.24 m²
e. Approach slab 2 18.5 - 0.20 7.40 m²
f. Railing
i) End posts 12 0.9 - 0.75 8.10 m²
g. Kerb
i) For railing 2 24.7 - 1.04 51.38 m²
ii) For Approach slab 4 3 - 1.04 12.48 m²
iii) Ends 2x4 Area = 0.0675 m2 0.54 m²
3,488.84 m²
3,660.00 m²
14 Providing steel reinforcement bars of Fe
415 including cutting, bending, placing in
position and binding works all complete
Foundation
Abutment well 2 5929.01 11.86 MT
Pier Well 0 5.93 0.00 MT
11.86 MT
Page 75
DETAILED ESTIMATE
Project
Location

No. (m) (m) (m)
Substructure
a) Abutment well cap 2 1697.31 3.39 MT
b) Abutment wall 2 2980.50 5.96 MT
c) Abutment stopper 2x2 33.022 0.13 MT
d) Pier well cap 0 2642.43 0.00 MT
e) Pier wall 0 2548.59 0.00 MT
f) Pier stopper 0 33.09 0.00 MT
9.49 MT
Superstructure
a) Main girders 3 3472.836 kg/span - 10.42 MT
b) Cross girders 6 1364.118 kg/span 8.18 MT
c) Deck slab 1 5406.463 kg/span - 5.41 MT
d) Approach slab 2 628.51 kg/span - 1.26 MT
e) Railing posts 12 514.58 kg/span - 6.17 MT
- - 31.44
62.88 MT
15 Back filling with approved granular filter

material at rear and sides of abutments
Rear of the abutments 2 3.50 1.50 6.50 68.25 m3
68.25 m3
16 Back filling with earth material including levelling,
Rear of the abutments 2 3.50 1.50 6.50 68.25 m3
68.25 m3
17 Earthwork in filling for road embankment
construction work by laying 15cm thick layer with
grading and compaction at optimum moisture content
Right Bank
Ch0 to Ch 222.00m (lb) 227.00 area = 22.40m² 5084.80 m3
Right bank
Ch 0+ 523.05 to Ch 0+616.05 95.00 area =28.13 m² 2672.35 m3
Ch 0+ 616.05 to Ch 0+846.00 250.00 area =0.5 m² 125.00 m3
7882.15 m3
Page 76
DETAILED ESTIMATE
Project
Location

No. (m) (m) (m)
18 Providing and fixing in positions, 50mm
thick reinforced elastomeric bearing pad
of size 500 x 400 x 50mm with stainless
steel dowel bar and cap as per drawing 60 - - - 60.00 Nos
and instructions
19 Providing and fixing in position expansion
joints of different strips and rubber seal all
complete as shown in drawings
(expansion joints ends raised at the kerb 2 6.20 - - 12.40 rm
20 Earthwork in filling for river training works
including laying, watering & rolling
At guide bunds of right banks 1 400.0 avg. area =6.5m² 2624.00 m3
At guide bunds of right banks 1 200.0 avg. area =4.0m² 800.00 m3
At guide bunds of right banks 1 200.0 avg. area = 7.50m² 1500.00 m3
At guide bunds of right banks (DS) 1 220.0 avg. area = 6.50m² 1430.00 m3
At guide bunds of left bank 1 400.00 avg. area = 6.5m² 2600.00 m3
At guide bunds of left bank (DS) 1 220.00 avg. area = 6.50m² 1430.00 m3
12784.00 m3
protection works (3m x2mx1 m and
21
2mx 1mx1m and 3m x1m x 0.3m
combine with 100x120 mm mesh size)
including supplying and fabrication of
gabion boxes placing in position, stone
filling & binding all complete
Right bank Guide bund (Matress) 400.00 area = 3.50m² 1400.00 m3
Right bank Guide bund (DS) 200.00 area =3.50m² 700.00 m3
Left Bank Guide bund 400.00 area = 3.50m² 1400.00 m3
Left Bank Guide bund (DS) 200.00 area = 3.50m² 700.00 m3
at gabion spurs at RB and left bank 4 40.00 2.00 2.00 640.00 m3
11640.00 m3
22 Providing and laying 6" dia HDP to drain sub- surface
water at the back and sides of the abut 2 50.00 - - 100.00 rm
Page 77
DETAILED ESTIMATE
Project
Location

23 Providing and laying geotextile ( KYTECH U12
1.3 mm thick and 93 % porosity) around the
slotted HDP pipe. 2 10.00 2.40 - 48.00 m²
24 Providing and laying geotextile
( KYTECH U12 1.3 mm thick and 93
% porosity) at the boundary of Gabbion
wall and earth fill and at the base of 2 10.00 2.40 - 48.00 m²
gabbion wall
At guide bunds of right banks 1 55.0 9.00 495.00 m²
At guide bunds of right banks 1 60.0 10.00 600.00 m²
At guide bunds of left bank banks 1 50.0 9.00 450.00 m²
At guide bunds of left bank banks 1 50.00 10.00 500.00 m²
2045.00 m²
25 Providing and laying 15cm thick compacted
gravelled sub base course semi-grouting
works at the base course with application of tack
coat and seal coat of the approach roads
left bant 1 225.00 5.00 0.03 33.75 m²
right bank 1 328.45 5.00 0.03 49.27 m²
83.02 m²
26 Providing & laying one layer of 40mm
thick compacted premix asphalt concrete
with tack coat and seal coat on the bridge
deck surface. 1 303.05 4.25 0.04 51.52 m3
27 Supplying & erection in position of precast
R.C.C guide posts of size ((150x150x1500)mm
including two coats of traffic painting over
the surface, at approach sides. 12*5 - - - 12.00 nos.
28 Providing & fixing in position 2" dia GI pipe
(Medium grade) for railing. 2x2 303.05 - - 1212.20 rm
29 Fixing of 100mm dia GI drainage pipe in
position including CI grid and welding 4 nos.
of 10mm dia cross bars (0.75m length) 400 - - 400.00 nos.
DETAILED ESTIMATE
Project
Location

30 Filling of well with sand,spreading water and
compaction all complete. 2 Area = 12.57 m² 10 251.40 m3
31 Insurance of labours, manpowers 1 1.00 job
& equipments. 1.00 job
32 Rubble masonry work at wing walls at
the sides of both left and right abutment
at 1:4cm including supply of material
and dressin gof stone all complete
Wing wall 4 6.00 avg. area=2.2 48.00 m3
33 PCC Works (M 15)
Page 78
a. Bottom of masonry wall 4 6.00 1.500 0.100 3.60 m3
34 Providing and laying 20mm thk.
Bituminous sealtax board 4 1 4 16 m²
Page 79
ABSTRACT OF COST
Project
Location
Item Description Unit Quantity Rate Amount Remarks

No. Rs. P. Rs. P.
1 WELL FOUNDATION
(i) E/W in excavation in foundation of
abutments and piers in sand and silt mixed
soils m3 100.00 663.32 66,332.00
(ii) Fabrication of MS angle well shoe including
site all complete as per drawing and instruction
ISA 150x150x12 Mt 0.98 140268.83 137,189.65
Plate stiffner(250x12mm.) Mt 0.81 140268.83 114,163.12
Plate stiffner(300x12mm.) Mt 0.98 140268.83 136,995.74
(iii) Well sinking below water with open sinking
method :
a. 0 to 4m rm 8.000 16617.50 132,940.00
b. 4 to 7 m rm 8.000 17773.75 142,190.00
c. 7 to 10 m rm 8.000 19456.25 155,650.00
d. 10 to 13 m rm 2.000 21665.00 43,330.00
(iv) PCC Works (M 15) at top and bottom plug m3 27.00 8209.25 221,633.84
(v) M 20 concrete for R.C.C. works in well shoes m3 293.74 11514.30 3,382,197.97
and well steining ,
(vi) Form work for foundation in well curb,
well steining and caps including removing the
timber after completion of work m2 147.76 321.93 47,568.38
(vii) Providing steel reinforcement bars of Fe 415
including cutting, bending, placing in position
and binding works all complete in well ,well cap
and well shoe. MT 11.86 132512.58 1,571,337.85
(viii) Filling of well with sand, spreading water and
compaction all complete. m3 251.40 963.06 242,113.28
Sub Total (1) 6,393,641.83
Page 80
ABSTRACT OF COST
Project
Location
No. Rs. P. Rs. P.
2 SUBSTRUCTURE WITH WELL CAPS
(i) M 20 concrete for R.C.C. works,
abutments and pier walls footings and stoppers m3 58.21 10660.80 620,607.63
(ii) M25 Concrete for R.C.C. works in abutments

Pier caps, and well caps m3 23.562 9783.95 230,528.89
(iii) Form work for abutment and Pier walls including

removing the timber after completion of work m2 23.40 738.34 17,277.13
(iv) Providing steel reinforcement bars of Fe 415

and binding works all complete MT 9.49 132512.58 1,257,239.73
(v) Back filling with approved granular filter

material at the rear and the sides
of the abutments m3 68.25 1152.49 78,657.44
(vi) Back filling with earth material at the rear and the
sides of the abutments m3 68.25 249.81 17,049.53
(vii) Providing 6" dia HDP slotted pipe to drain
water at back of the abutment including cutting,
bending and, placing in positionandall complete rm 100.00 1180.30 118,030.00
(viii) Providing and laying geotextile ( KYTECH U12
slotted HDP pipe. m2 48.00 210.62 10,109.76
(ix) PCC Works (M 15) at the Foundation of wing wa m3 3.60 7300.95 26,283.42
(x) Rubble masonry work at wing walls at the
sides of both left and right abutment at 1:4cm
including supply of material and dressin gof m3 48.00 5572.08 267,459.84
stone all complete
(xi) Providing and laying 20mm thk. Bituminous
sealtax board m2 16.00 1500.00 24,000.00
Earth work in excavation for Rubble masonry
(xii) wall m3 450.00 438.26 197,217.00
Sub Total (2) 2,864,460.38
Page 81
ABSTRACT OF COST
Project
Location

No. Rs. P. Rs. P.
3 SUPERSTRUCTURE
(i) M 20 Grade Concrete for R.C.C works in :
approach slab m3 7.70 11414.52 87,891.80
(ii) M 25 concrete for R.C.C. works in deck slab,
and girders m3 582.47 10500.00 6,115,935.00
(iii) Form works for superstructures including
removing the timber after completion of work m2 3488.84 515.01 1,796,788.00
Including the cost of staging work to rerect the
superstructures
and binding works all complete MT 62.88 132512.58 8,332,822.87
(v) Providing & fixing in positions, 50mm thick
reinforced elastomeric bearing pad of size
500 x400x50mm with stainless steel dowel
bar and cap as per drawing and instruction Nos. 60.00 25300.00 1,518,000.00
(vi) Providing and fixing in position expansion joints of
different strips and angles all complete as shown in
drawings ((expansion joints ends raised at the k rm 12.40 16445.00 203,918.00
(vii) Providing & laying one layers of 40mm thick
compacted premix asphalt concrete with tack
coat and seal coat on the bridge deck surface m3 51.52 16832.14 867,166.79
(viii) Supplying and erection in position of precast
R.C.C guide posts of size (150x150x1500)
mm including two coats of traffic painting
over the surface, at approach sides. nos. 12.00 1050.26 12,603.12
(ix) Providing & fixing in position 2" dia GI pipe
(medium grade) for railing. rm 1212.20 707.25 857,328.45
(x) Fixing of 100 mm dia GI drainage pipe in
of 10 mm dia cross bars (0.75 m length) nos. 400.00 2602.81 1,041,124.00
Sub Total (3) 20,833,578.04
Page 82
ABSTRACT OF COST
Project
Location

No. Rs. P. Rs. P.
4 APPROACH ROAD
(i) Earthwork in filling for road embankment
construction work by laying 15cm thick layer
with grading and compaction at optimum
moisture content : m3 7882.15 516.18 4,068,608.19
(ii) Providing and laying of subbase course 15cm
thick with sand mixed gravel including
compaction and all transports. m3 83.02 1414.96 117,466.44
Sub Total (4) 4,186,074.63

No. Rs. P. Rs. P.
5 RIVER TRAINING & PROTECTION WORKS
(i) Earthwork in excavation for river training and
protection works at both bank m3 6040.00 438.26 2,647,090.40
(ii) Earthwork in filling for river training works in
banks including laying, watering & rolling at
left bank m3 12784.00 516.18 6,598,845.12
(iii) Gabion work for river training and bank
protection including supplying and
fabrication of gabion boxes placing in
position, stone filling & binding all complete m3 11640.00 4316.16 50,240,102.40
(iv) Permanent diversion of river flow as shown in
drawing for excavation and other works
including dewatering and excavation support job 1.00 300000.00 300,000.00
Sub Total (5) 59,786,037.92
Page 83
ABSTRACT OF COST
Project
Location
No. Rs. P. Rs. P.
6 MISCELLANEOUS, ENGINEER FACILITY
(i) Site clearance including cutting and
removing bushes and roots, lead upto 25m
for disposal m2 12000.0 15.00 180,000.00
Supply of photocopier as specified in special
(ii) provision. LS 1.0 150000.00 150,000.00
Supply of supervision vehicle as specified on
(iii) hire basis during the construction period
a) Monthly hire of one vehicle as specified in
the bid document including 1000km run (NRs
per month) Month 36.0 35675.44 1,284,315.84
b) Hire rate for extra run of the vehicle km 30000.0 14.69 440,700.00
Supply of lap top computer as specified in
(iv) special provision no 1.0 85000.00 85,000.00
Mobilization to and demobilization from the
work site of construction equipments and its
accessories necessary for the construction
(v) works. LS 1.0 30000.00 30,000.00
(vi) Insurance of labours, manpowers & equipments job 1.00 300000.00 300,000.00
Sub Total (6) 2,470,015.84
a) Total (1 to 6) 96,533,808.64
b) Contengency @ 5% of a 4,826,690.43
c) Physical Contengency @ 10% of a 9,653,380.86
d) Price Adjustment @ 10% of a 9,653,380.86
e) Vat @ 13% of a 12,549,395.12
Grand Total 133,216,655.92
Page 84
217953.24188 b
55,596.89 a
Page 85
78960.635168 b
24,908.35 a
Page 86
239467.01788 b
181,161.55 a
Page 87
Page 88
653977.58234 b
839,424.42 a
Page 89
ANALYSIS OF RATE 066/67
Project
Location
1. Clearing
Site preparation
and grubbing of forest including uprooting, carrying and disposing of vegetation, grass,
1.1 bush, sapling and trees of girth upto 300mm (measured at a height of 1m above the ground level).
lead
DOR10m.(Trees & sapling less than 15 numbers per 100 sq.m )
Norms No: 2.01-a Unit: Sqm
S.No. Description Unit Qty. Rate Amount Remarks
1 Manpower :
1.1 Unskilled labour md 0.03 200.00 6.00
Sub Total of 1 6.00
2 Material:
Sub Total of 2
3 Equipment :
3.1 For tools & plants (add 3%) 3% 0.18
Sub Total of 3 0.18
Total of (1+2+3) 6.18
Contractor's Profit and Overhead (C.P) 15% 0.93
Grand Total NRs. 7.11
2. Earthworks
Excavation for foundation through all types of soil including relevant lift and disposal upto 20m.
2.1
(Depth upto 1.5m )
DOR Norms No: 9.07.01-a Unit: Cum
1 Manpower :
Sub Total of 1 400.00
2 Material:
Sub Total of 2
3 Equipment :
Total of (1+2+3) 412.00
Excavation for foundation through all types of soil including relevant lift and disposal upto 20m.
2.1
(Depth upto 3.0m )
DOR Norms No: 9.07.01-b Unit: Cum
1 Manpower :
2 Material:
Sub Total of 2
3 Equipment :
Total of (1+2+3) 618.00
Back filling in layers in foundation pits, trenches , etc, including hand compaction and watering etc.
2.4
complete, lead 10m.
DOR Norms No: 9-10-a Unit: Cum
1 Manpower :
2 Material:
Sub Total of 2
3 Equipment :
Page 90
Sub Total of 3 6.84
Total of (1+2+3) 234.84
Earthwork in filling including compaction in layers not exceeding 150mm compacted depth, watering
2.5
and haulage 10m etc. all complete as per specification
DOR Norms No: 9.05 Unit: Cum
1 Manpower :
2 Material:
2.1 Soil cum 1.10 308.54 339.39
2.2 Fuel lit 0.08 71.00 5.68
3 Equipment:
3.1 For tools & plants (3% of unskilled labour) 3% 3.00
3.2 Roller 8-10t hr 0.017 500.00 8.50
Total of (1+2+3) 456.57
Back fill with graded filter materials in layer with necessary watering and compaction, lead 30m, lift
2.6
1.5m.
1 Manpower :
2 Material:
2.1 Sand cum 0.55 695.04 382.27
2.2 Gravel (upto 70mm) cum 0.55 849.92 467.46
3 Equipment:
3.1 For tools & plants (3% of unskilled labour) 3% 4.80
Sub Total of 3 4.80
Total of (1+2+3) 1014.53
2.7 Filling of well with sand, spreading water and compaction all complete including all transports.
1 Manpower :
1.1 Skilled labour md 0.01 330.00 3.30
Sub Total of 1 3.30
2 Material:
2.1 Sand cum 1.20 695.04 834.05
3 Equipment:
3.1 For tools & plants (3% of labour) 3% 0.10
Sub Total of 3 0.10
Total of (1+2+3) 837.45
3. Masonary
Rubble stone masonry works included supply of hard block stone & construction of wall up to 5m
high (haulage up to 30m).
Page 91
Norms No: 6-2 (1) Unit: Cum
1 Manpower :
2 Material:
2.1 Block Stone cum 1.000 844.35 844.35
2.2 Bond Stone cum 0.100 844.35 84.44
local royalty ((1+0.1)/3.5=0.31) cum 0.310 0.31 0.10
Total of (1+2) 1658.88
Grand Total without VAT NRs. 1907.71
VAT 13% 13% 248.00
Grand Total with VAT NRs. 2155.72
Laying of Rip-rap protection work with boulders weighing 2000 kg minimum and packed with stones
3.1
20-40 kg, lead 30m, using crane.
1 Manpower :
2 Material:
2.1 Stone cum 1.100 844.35 928.79
2.2 Diesel lit 2.500 71.00 177.50
3 Equipment:
3.1 crane 15 t-capacity hr 0.15 3500.00 525.00
Total of (1+2+3) 2282.29
Providing and laying coursed rubble masonry in cement mortatr including dressing, scaffolding,
3.2 curing and preparation of mortar etc. complete, masoned height 0-5m, lead 30m (machine mixing)
mortar 30% No: 26.05
DOR Norms Unit: Cum
1 Manpower :
2 Material:
2.1 Stone cum 1.150 844.35 971.00
Cement cum 0.190 11466.03 2178.55
Sand cum 0.400 695.04 278.02
Disel Lit 1.000 71.00 71.00
Water Lit 120.000
3 Equipment:
3.1 For tools & plants (3% of labour) 3% 40.80
Total of (1+2+3) 4899.36
4. PCC Works
Providing and placing machine mixed non structural cement concrete M15 including compaction,
4.1
curing, testing and lead 30m. etc. all complete as per specification and drawing.
Page 92
DOR Norms No: 20.06-a) iii Unit: Cum
1 Manpower :
2 Material:
2.1 Cement mt 0.320 11466.03 3669.13
2.2 Sand cum 0.450 695.04 312.77
2.3 Aggregate-20-40 mm cum 0.520 1071.92 557.40
2.4 Aggregate-10-20 mm cum 0.330 1356.87 447.77
2.5 Petrol lit 0.100 100.00 10.00
2.6 Diesel lit 3.000 71.00 213.00
3 Equipment:
3.1 Mixer (0.28/0.2 m3) hr 0.60 470.00 282.00
3.2 Vibrator hr 0.25 50.00 12.50
Total of (1+2+3) 6369.56
Mix design and Quality Control (add 0.5%) 0.5% 31.85
Total 6401.41
Providing and placing machine mixed cement concrete (M20/40) for the abutement, pier, wall etc.
4.2 including compaction, curing, testing and lead 30m. etc. all complete as per specification and
drawing.
DOR Norms No: 20.02-a-ii Unit: Cum
1 Manpower :
2 Material:
2.1 Cement mt 0.320 11466.03 3669.13
2.2 Sand cum 0.450 695.04 312.77
2.3 Aggregate-20-40 mm cum 0.520 1071.92 557.40
2.4 Aggregate-10-20 mm cum 0.220 1356.87 298.51
2.5 Aggregate-10 mm & down cum 0.120 1356.87 162.82
2.6 Petrol lit 0.100 100.00 10.00
2.7 Deisel lit 3.000 71.00 213.00
3 Equipment:
3.1 Mixer (0.28/0.2 m3) hr 0.60 470.00 282.00
3.2 Vibrator hr 0.25 50.00 12.50
Total of (1+2+3) 7615.13
Total 7805.51
Providing and placing machine mixed cement concrete (M25) for the abutement, pier, wall etc.
drawing.
DOR Norms No: 20.02-a-iv Unit: Cum
1 Manpower :
Page 93
2 Material:
2.1 Cement mt 0.375 11466.03 4299.76
2.2 Sand cum 0.450 695.04 312.77
2.3 Aggregate-10-20 mm cum 0.580 1356.87 786.98
2.5 Aggregate-10 mm & down cum 0.300 1356.87 407.06
2.6 Petrol lit 0.100 100.00 10.00
2.7 Deisel lit 3.200 71.00 227.20
3 Equipment:
3.1 Mixer (0.28/0.2 m3) hr 0.60 470.00 282.00
3.2 Vibrator hr 0.25 50.00 12.50
Total of (1+2+3) 8300.27
Total 8507.78
Providing and placing machine mixed cement concrete (M20) for the foundation and footing etc.
drawing.
DOR Norms No: 20.01-a-ii Unit: Cum
1 Manpower :
2 Material:
2.1 Cement mt 0.330 11466.03 3783.79
2.2 Sand cum 0.440 695.04 305.82
2.3 Aggregate-20-40 mm cum 0.580 1071.92 621.71
2.4 Aggregate-10-20 mm cum 0.300 1356.87 407.06
2.5 Petrol lit 0.100 100.00 10.00
2.6 Deisel lit 3.000 71.00 213.00
3 Equipment:
3.1 Mixer (0.28/0.2 m3) hr 0.60 470.00 282.00
3.2 Vibrator hr 0.25 50.00 12.50
Total of (1+2+3) 6448.38
Total 6609.59
Providing and placing machine mixed cement concrete (M25) for the super structure, deckslab,
4.5 girder etc. including compaction, curing, testing and lead 30m. etc. all complete as per
specification
DOR Norms No: and 20.03-a-ii
drawing. Unit: Cum
1 Manpower :
2 Material:
2.1 Cement mt 0.375 11466.03 4299.76
2.2 Sand cum 0.450 695.04 312.77
2.3 Aggregate-10-20 mm cum 0.580 1356.87 786.98
2.4 Aggregate-10 mm cum 0.300 1356.87 407.06
2.5 Petrol lit 0.100 100.00 10.00
2.6 Deisel lit 3.000 71.00 213.00
Page 94
3 Equipment:
3.1 Mixer (0.28/0.2 m3) hr 0.60 470.00 282.00
3.2 Vibrator hr 0.25 50.00 12.50
Total of (1+2+3) 7698.07
Total 7890.53
5. Re-bar Works
Providing and laying Reinforcement including cutting, bending, binding, fixing in position and lead
5.1
30m. etc. all complete as per specification and drawing.
DOR Norms No: 20.07-iii Unit: Mt
1 Manpower :
2 Material:
2.1 Tor Steel mt 1.150 95266.03 109555.93
2.2 Binding Wire mt 0.009 115266.03 1037.39
3 Equipment:
Sub Total of 3
Total of (1+2+3) 115228.33
6. Form Works
Providing , Preparing and Installing form work including necessary supports and removing after
6.1
completion for foundation and footings.
DOR Norms No: 18.01-a Unit: 10 Sqm
1 Manpower :
2 Material:
2.1 Plank cum 0.420 3040.66 1277.08
2.2 Batton cum 0.180 3040.66 547.32
2.3 Nails kg 1.000 110.00 110.00
3 Equipment:
Sub Total of 3
Total of (1+2+3) 2799.39
NRs. 321.93
Providing , Preparing and Installing form work including necessary supports and removing after
6.2
completion for walls.
DOR Norms No: 18.02.01-a-iii Unit: 10 Sqm
1 Manpower :
2 Material:
Page 95
2.1 Pl;ywood-9mm thick sqm 11.000 86.25 948.75
2.2 Batton cum 0.600 4560.98 2736.59
2.3 Nails kg 4.500 110.00 495.00
3 Equipment:
Sub Total of 3
Total of (1+2+3) 5976.34
NRs. 687.28
Providing , Preparing and Installing form work & removing after completion for Slab & beam
6.3
structure.
DOR Norms No: 18.05-a Unit: 10 Sqm
1 Manpower :
2 Material:
2.1 Plank cum 0.600 3040.66 1824.39
2.2 Batton cum 0.220 3040.66 668.94
2.3 Nails kg 4.000 110.00 440.00
3 Equipment:
Sub Total of 3
Total of (1+2+3) 4478.34
NRs. 515.01
7 Pavement
Providing, laying, spreading, watering, levelling and compaction of natural sand gravel subbase
7.1
grading as per table 12.1 of standard specification lead upto 10m
1 Manpower :
Sub Total of 1 9.05
2 Material:
2.1 Gravel cum 1.280 849.92 1087.90
2.2 Deisel lit 0.792 71.00 56.23
3 Equipment:
3.1 Grader hr 0.022 1500.00 33.00
3.1 Vibrator Roller hr 0.022 510.00 11.22
3.1 Water Browser hr 0.038 550.00 20.90
3.1 Loader hr 0.011 1100.00 12.10
Total of (1+2+3) 1230.40
8 Pipe Works
Supply and fixing 100mm G.I. Pipe, medium class for drainage spout necessary accessory as per
8.1
drawing including all transports.
Unit: Nos
1 Manpower :
Page 96
2 Material:
2.1 100 mm dia G.I pipe rm 0.700 750.00 525.00
2.2 Steel plate 25mm thick (0.04 sqm) kg 7.850 100.42 788.31
196.25 kg per sqm)
2.3 Bolts nos 6.000 100.00 600.00
3 Equipment:
Sub Total of 3
Total of (1+2+3) 2263.31
Supply and fixing 50mm G.I.Pipe railing and necessary accessory as per drawing including all
8.2
transports.
DOR Norms No: 31.01 Unit: m
1 Manpower :
2 Material:
2.1 50 mm dia G.I pipe rm 1.100 400.00 440.00
3 Equipment:
Sub Total of 3
Total of (1+2+3) 615.00
Providing and laying HDPE pipes with perforations including jointings (series II HDP pipe 160mm
8.3
dia)
DOR Norms No: 24-10-b Unit: Rm
1 Manpower :
1.3 Semi skilled Labour md 0.04 250.00 10.00
2 Material:
2.1 HDP Pipe- 160 mm rm 1.000 910.00 910.00
2.2 Petrol ltr 0.180 100.00 18.00
3 Equipment:
3.1 Generator <2kVa hr 0.400 80.00 32.00
3.2 Screw Jack hr 0.260 25.00 6.50
3.3 Electric heating plate hr 0.280 50.00 14.00
3.4 Electrical hand drill hr 0.120 50.00 6.00
Total of (1+2+3) 1026.35
9 Painting Works
9.1 Providing and applying two coats of enamel paint al complete as per specification
Unit: Sqm
Page 97
1 Manpower :
1.1 Unskilled Labour md 0.05 185.00 9.25
1.2 Skilled Labour md 0.09 330.00 29.70
2 Material:
2.1 Enamel Paint Ltr 0.160 250.00 40.00
3 Equipment:
Sub Total of 3
Total of (1+2+3) 78.95
Grand Total without VAT NRs. 90.79
10 Miscellaneous Works
diaphragms with binding wire in each mesh; tying with bracing wires and tie wires; and tying down
10.1
the lid complete as per specification. (Hexagonal mesh type 100mmx120mm, Mesh wire -10swg
Norms No: 24.01.02-ii-l, 24.02.01-a-l, 24.02.04 Unit: Cum
1 Manpower :
1.1 Unskilled labour -fabrication md 0.10 185.00 18.50
1.2 -Assembli md 0.54 185.00 99.90
1.3 Skilled labour -fabrication md 0.23 330.00 75.90
Sub Total 194.30
Sub Total 194.30
1.4 Unskilled labour -Filling Stone md 0.75 185.00 138.75
1.5 Skilled labour -Filling Stone md 0.25 330.00 82.50
2 Material:
2.1 Mesh Wire kg 16.450 120.27 1978.38
2.2 Selvedge wire kg 2.800 120.27 336.74
2.3 Binding Wire kg 0.850 110.27 93.73
Sub Total 2408.85
Sub Total 2408.85
2.4 Stone cum 1.100 844.35 928.79
3 Equipment:
Sub Total of 3
Total of (1+2+3) 3753.18
10.2 Providing, laying and fixing of Geo-textile (filter fabrics), lead 30m
DOR Norms No: 24.09 Unit: Sqm
1 Manpower :
Sub Total of 1 3.15
2 Material:
2.1 Geotextile sqm 1.200 150.00 180.00
3 Equipment:
Sub Total of 3
Total of (1+2+3) 183.15
Providing and installing different types of Bearings including all necessary axillary and incidental
10.3
works etc. all complete
DOR Norms No: 19.01 Unit: Nos
Page 98
1 Manpower :
1.1 For Labour (add 7%) 7% 1400.00
2 Material:
2.1 Bearing no 1.000 20000.00 20000.00
3 Equipment:
Total of (1+2+3) 22000.00
Providing and installing expansion joints including all necessary axillary and incidental works etc. all
10.4
complete
1 Manpower :
1.1 For Labour (add 7%) 7% 910.00
2 Material:
2.1 Expansion Joint no 1.000 13000.00 13000.00
3 Equipment:
Total of (1+2+3) 14300.00
Supplying and fixing in place RCC delineator and guard post including excavation, backfilling,
10.5
painting and erection etc. all complete
1 Manpower :
1.1 Unskilled Labour md 0.055 185.00 10.18
2 Material:
2.1 M20/20 RCC cum 0.030 7601.03 228.03
2.2 Formwork sqm 0.540 515.01 278.10
2.3 Enamel lit 0.180 90.79 16.34
2.4 Reinforcement kg 2.820 132.51 373.69
3 Equipment:
Sub Total of 3
Total of (1+2+3) 913.27
Sinking of well through sandy soil including clearance of obstructions, correction of shift and tilts
10.6
etc. complete as per specification and drawing.(Depth 0-3.0m)
DOR Norms No: 17.06.01 b(i) Unit: m
a) 0-3.0m
1 Manpower :
1.1 Semi skilled md 1.600 250.00 400.00
Page 99
2 Material:
2.1 Disel Lit 30.000 71.00 2130.00
3 Equipment:
3.1 10t.-crane with grab & accessories. hr. 3 3500.00 10500.00
Total of (1+2+3) 13294.00
10% for kentledges, obstruction/correction 1329.40
Total 14623.40
Grand Total NRs. 16617.50 per m
b) 3-6.0m DOR Norms No: 17.06.01 b(ii)
1 Manpower :
1.1 Semi skilled md 1.800 250.00 450.00
2 Material:
2.1 Disel Lit 32.000 71.00 2272.00
3 Equipment:
3.1 10t.-crane with grab & accessories. hr. 3.2 3500.00 11200.00
Total of (1+2+3) 14219.00
Total 15640.90
c) 6-9.0m DOR Norms No: 17.06.01 b(iii)
1 Manpower :
1.1 Semi skilled md 2.000 250.00 500.00
2 Material:
2.1 Disel Lit 35.000 71.00 2485.00
3 Equipment:
Total of (1+2+3) 15565.00
Total 17121.50
d) 9-12.0m DOR Norms No: 17.06.01 b(iv)
1 Manpower :
1.1 Semi skilled md 2.200 250.00 550.00
2 Material:
2.1 Disel Lit 39.000 71.00 2769.00
3 Equipment:
Total of (1+2+3) 17332.00
Total 19065.20
Page 100
e) 12-15.0m DOR Norms No: 17.06.01 b(v)
1 Manpower :
1.1 Semi skilled md 2.400 250.00 600.00
2 Material:
2.1 Disel Lit 45.000 71.00 3195.00
3 Equipment:
Total of (1+2+3) 19941.00
Total 21935.10
10.7 Providing, mixing, and laying asphalt concrete with compaction

1 Manpower :
1.3 Foreman md 0.010 250.00 2.50
2 Material:
2.1 Bitumen lit 117.000 80.00 9360.00
2.2 Cement lit 0.022 11466.03 252.25
2.3 Aggregate cum 1.200 1356.87 1628.24
2.4 Disel lit 10.450 71.00 741.95
3 Equipment:
3.1 Asphalt mixing plant hr 0.440 700.00 308.00
3.2 Wheel loader hr 0.660 1100.00 726.00
3.3 Steel tyred roller hr 0.550 500.00 275.00
3.4 Pneumatic roller hr 0.550 1080.00 594.00
3.5 Tipper trucks hr 0.320 450.00 144.00
Total of (1+2+3) 14065.90
Preparing well sinking site, opening road access, making island and providing and laying cutting
10.8
edge of mild steel et. complete..
Unit: Mt
1 Man power:
2 Material:
Mild steel t 1.05 100374.51 105393.24
Nuts and Bolts kg 17.00 100.00 1700.00
Electrodes Gas (5% of Above) 5354.66
Page 101
3 Equipment:
Gas cutter hr 1 50.00 50.00
welding machine hr 0.5 50.00 25.00
Total of (1+2+3) 120247.90
Page 102
Conversion factor
1 cum = 35.31467
1 sqm = 10.76391
1 rm = 3.28084
BASIC RATE
Project : Maraha River Bridge - Mahottari District
Location- Gaushala -Malangawa Road Mahottari
Description Unit Rate

Labour
Driver hr 35.63
Helper hr 22.50
Skilled labour md 330.00
Semi Skilled labour md 250.00
Unskilled labour md 200.00
Equipment
Crane 15 t capacity hr 3500.00
Electric heating plate hr 50.00
Electrical hand drill hr 50.00
Generator <2kVa hr 80.00
Grader hr 1500.00
Loader hr 1100.00
Mixer hr 470.00
Pump Charge hr 160.00
Roller 8-10t (steel) hr 500.00
Roller (Vibrator) hr 510.00
Screw Jack hr 25.00
Sprayer hr 260.00
Truck (hire charge) hr 450.00
Vibrator hr 50.00
Water Browser hr 550.00
Material
Aggregate (upto 70 mm) cum 849.92
Sand cum 695.04
Stone cum 844.35
Earth/Soil cum 308.54
Cement mt 11466.03
Enamel Paint ltr 250.00
Bitumen lit 80.00
Wooden Plank cum 18243.93
Plywood 9mm thick sqm 345.00
Wooden Batton cum 18243.93
Tor Steel Fe415 mt 95266.03
Binding Wire mt 115266.03
Steel plate 25mm thick (0 kg 100.42
Bolts no 100.00
Nails kg 110.00
Geotextile sqm 150.00
Wire Mesh 10 SWG kg 120266.03
Wire Selvedge 8 SWG kg 120266.03
Wire Binding 12 SWG kg 110266.03
G.I. Pipe 100 mm rm 750.00
G.I. Pipe 50 mm rm 400.00
HDP Pipe-160mm rm 910.00
Bearing nos 20000.00
Expansion Joint nos 13000.00
Petrol lit 100.00
Fuel (Diesel) lit 71.00
Kerosene lit 65.00
Mobil lit 350.00
Gear Oil lit 375.00
Grease kg 350.00
BILL OF QUANTITIES
Project
Location
Item Description Unit Quantity Rate Rate in words Amount Remarks

No. NRs. NRs
1 WELL FOUNDATION
(i) E/W in excavation in foundation of
abutments and piers in sand and silt mixed
soils m3 100.00
(ii) Fabrication of MS angle well shoe including
site all complete as per drawing and instruction
ISA 150x150x12 Mt 0.98
Plate stiffner(250x12mm.) Mt 0.81
Plate stiffner(300x12mm.) Mt 0.98
(iii) Well sinking below water with open sinking
method :
a. 0 to 4m rm 8.000
b. 4 to 7 m rm 8.000
c. 7 to 10 m rm 8.000
d. 10 to 13 m rm 2.000
(iv) PCC Works (M 15) at top and bottom plug m3 27.00
(v) M 20 concrete for R.C.C. works in well shoes m3 293.74
and well steining ,
(vi) Form work for foundation in well curb,
well steining and caps including removing the
timber after completion of work m2 147.76
(vii) Providing steel reinforcement bars of Fe 415
and binding works all complete in well ,well cap
and well shoe. MT 11.86
(viii) Filling of well with sand, spreading water and
compaction all complete. m3 251.40
Page 105
Sub Total (1)
BILL OF QUANTITIES
Project
Location

No. Rs. P. Rs. P.
2 SUBSTRUCTURE WITH WELL CAPS
(i) M 20 concrete for R.C.C. works,
abutments and pier walls footings and stoppers etc. m3 58.21
(ii) M25 Concrete for R.C.C. works in abutments
Pier caps, and well caps m3 23.562
(iii) Form work for abutment and Pier walls including
removing the timber after completion of work m2 23.40
and binding works all complete MT 9.49
(v) Back filling with approved granular filter
material at the rear and the sides
of the abutments m3 68.25
(vi) Back filling with earth material at the rear and the
sides of the abutments m3 68.25
(vii) Providing 6" dia HDP slotted pipe to drain
water at back of the abutment including cutting,
bending and, placing in positionandall complete rm 100.00
(viii) Providing and laying geotextile ( KYTECH U12
slotted HDP pipe. m2 48.00
(ix) PCC Works (M 15) at the Foundation of wing wall m3 3.60
(x) Rubble masonry work at wing walls at the sides of
both left and right abutment at 1:4cm including
supply of material and dressin gof stone all m3 48.00
(xi) complete
Providing and laying 20mm thk. Bituminous sealtax
board m2 16.00
Page 106
(xii) Earth work in excavation for Rubble masonry wall m3 450.00
Sub Total (2) -
BILL OF QUANTITIES
Project
Location
No. Rs. P. Rs. P.
3 SUPERSTRUCTURE
(i) M 20 Grade Concrete for R.C.C works in :
approach slab m3 7.70
(ii) M 25 concrete for R.C.C. works in deck slab,
and girders m3 582.47
(iii) Form works for superstructures including
removing the timber after completion of work m2 DE!G166
Including the cost of staging work to rerect the
superstructures
and binding works all complete MT 62.88
(v) Providing & fixing in positions, 50mm thick
reinforced elastomeric bearing pad of size
500 x400x50mm with stainless steel dowel
bar and cap as per drawing and instruction Nos. 60.00
(vi) Providing and fixing in position expansion joints of
different strips and angles all complete as shown in
drawings ((expansion joints ends raised at the kerbs) rm 12.40
(vii) Providing & laying one layers of 40mm thick
compacted premix asphalt concrete with tack
coat and seal coat on the bridge deck surface m3 51.52
(viii) Supplying and erection in position of precast
R.C.C guide posts of size (150x150x1500)
mm including two coats of traffic painting
over the surface, at approach sides. nos. 12.00
(ix) Providing & fixing in position 2" dia GI pipe
(medium grade) for railing. rm 1212.20
Page 107
(x) Fixing of 100 mm dia GI drainage pipe in
of 10 mm dia cross bars (0.75 m length) nos. 400.00
Sub Total (3)
BILL OF QUANTITIES
Project
Location

No. NRs NRs
4 APPROACH ROAD
(i) Earthwork in filling for road embankment
construction work by laying 15cm thick layer
with grading and compaction at optimum
moisture content : m3 7882.15
(ii) Providing and laying of subbase course 15cm thick
with sand mixed gravel including compaction and all
transports. m3 83.02
Sub Total (4)
Item Description Unit Quantity Remarks

No.
5 RIVER TRAINING & PROTECTION WORKS
(i) Earthwork in excavation for river training and
protection works at both bank m3 6040.00
(ii) Earthwork in filling for river training works in
banks including laying, watering & rolling at
left bank m3 12784.00
(iii) Gabion work for river training and bank
protection including supplying and
fabrication of gabion boxes placing in
position, stone filling & binding all complete m3 11640.00
(iv) Permanent diversion of river flow as shown in
drawing for excavation and other works including
dewatering and excavation support job 1.00
Page 108
Sub Total (5)
BILL OF QUANTITIES
Project
Location

No. NRs NRs.
6 MISCELLANEOUS, ENGINEER FACILITY
(i) Site clearance including cutting and
removing bushes and roots, lead upto 25m
for disposal m2 12000.0
Supply of photocopier as specified in special
(ii) provision. LS 1.0
Supply of supervision vehicle as specified on hire
(iii) basis during the construction period
a) Monthly hire of one vehicle as specified in the bid

document including 1000km run (NRs per month) Month 36.0
b) Hire rate for extra run of the vehicle km 30000.0
Supply of lap top computer as specified in special
(iv) provision no 1.0
Mobilization to and demobilization from the work site

of construction equipments and its accessories
(v) necessary for the construction works. LS 1.0
(vi) Insurance of labours, manpowers & equipments job 1.00
Sub Total (6)
Total (1 to 6)
Vat @ 13% of a
Grand Total
Page 109
Page 110
Page 111
Page 112
Page 113
Page 114
Page 115
Page 116
Page 117
Page 118
Page 119
DESIGN OF PiLE FOUNDATION FOR ABUTMENT
Load and moment at the base of pile cap

Total vertical load, å W = 124.99 t = 1249.89 KN
Total horizontal load, å H = 66.73 t = 667.33 KN
i) Let Bored pile of 500mm diameter and 5m effective length below scour depth
should be used
D= 500 mm = 0.5 m
L= 5m
Qu = Nc.Cb.Ab + ac- As
Nc = 9
Cb =Cu = 45 KN/m2
a = 0.45
Ab = 0.20 m2
As = 7.85 m2
Qu = 238.56 KN
Qa = 95.43 KN 2.5 safely factor
Nos of pile = 13.09805 Nos.
25 Nos.
Provide 25 piles in a square pattern as shown in fig below
Now for 100% efficiency of pile group , spacing of piles
= ( 1.57 Bmn-2B)/(m+n-2)
m = nos of rows in pile grou p = 5
n = nos of columns in pile group = 5
B = pile diameter 500 mm
Thus spacing = 2328.125 mm
Provide spacing of 1500 mm c/c
ii) Settlement of pile group
Considering an imaginary footing located at the groung surface
Plan dimension of imaginary footing = 6.5 * 6.5 = 42.25 m2

Settlement of pile group is obtained as the settlement of imaginary footing
placed at groung
surface considering the soil stratum up to 4.50m. Following equation is used,
S = (CcH/1+e0 ) log10 (p0+∆p)/p0
Cc = 0.1
e0 = 0.9
H = thickness of clay layer
p0 = Effective overburden pressure at the centre of clay layer = Ysat * d
Saturated unit weight = 19 KN/m^3
∆p = Pressure at the centre of clay layer due to superimposed load

= P/(6.5+d)2
d = Distance of the centre of clay from ground surface
Layer No. Thickness CcH/(1+e0) p0 ∆p log10 (p0+∆p)/p S

of layer (KN/m2) (KN/m2) 0 (mm)
(mm)
1 6900 363.16 65.55 7.23 0.05 16.50
Permissible settlement = 50 mm > 16.50 OK
iii) Design of piles
Le = 2/3*L = 3.33 m (assumed)

Le/B = 6.67 < 12 (Short column)
Pile will act as short column
Pu= 0.4 fck(Ag-Ast)+0.67fyAst
Pu = 1249.89 KN
Ag= 196349.541 mm^2
fck= 20 N/mm^2
fy= 415 N/mm^2
On solving we get,
Ast= -1188.31 mm^2
Using 20 mm dia. Bars
No. of bar = -3.78 = 8 nos.
Distribute the bar in the pile section uniformly.

Hence provide
8 nos. 20 mm dia. Bar
Asc provided= 2513.27 mm^2 > -1188.31 mm^2 OK
Lateral Ties
Minimum volume of lateral reinforcement per m length of pile

= 0.2% of vol of pile
= 392699.08 mm^3
Assume 8 mm dia. Lateral ties,
Volume of 8 mm dia. tie = 78956.84 mm^3
No. of ties per meter of pile = 4.97 = 5 nos.

Hence spacing for lateral reinforcement = 201.06193
< 500 mm
<16X20 mm= 320 mm
< 48X 8 = 384 mm
Hence provide lateral tie of 8 mm dia. @ 200 mm c/c
iv) Design of pile cap
Pile cap is 7.0 m X 7.0 m

Bending moment at the face of the abutment wall = 116.66 KNm
per m width of pile cap
Factored moment, Mu = 174.985 KNm
Mu= 0.138 fckbd^2

d= 251.79 mm
adopt effective thickness of pile cap
as d = 1150 mm
Total thickness of pile cap = D = 1200 mm
Punching shear force = 1874.839 KN
Punching shear stress = 0.16 N/mm^2 < 1.11 N/mm^2

OK
Reinforcement
Mu = 0.87 fyAstd(1-astfy/fckbd)
Ast = 745.52 mm^2

Providing 16 mm bar,
Spacing of bar = 269.69 mm c/c (< 300 mm)
OK
Thus provide 16 mm dia @ 250 mm c/c in both directions of pile cap at bottom.
Check for one- way shear
S.F. per m width at section xx = 3271.939*2/(25*1.5) = 99.99 KN

Shear stress τv = 0.09 N/mm^2
From code table-19,
Minimun Tv = 0.28 N/mm^2
> 0.09 N/mm^2
OK
Detailed Engineering design of Amarpati Bridge Design Calculation VOLUME - III
Design of Well cap for Pier
Let thickness of well cap be 1.2 m

Diameter of well (D) = 6.5 m
Radius of well ( r) = 3.25 m
Load on well cap:
Load from super structure = 50.43 t

Live load including impact = 52.35 t
dead load from pier shaft = 26.26 t
Self weight of well cap = 3.1428 * 6.5*6.5 * 1.2 * 24/(4*10) = 95.57 t
Total vertical load = 224.61 t
Seismic load on well cap

Super structure = 4.64 t
Braking effect = 11.09 t
Pier shaft = 2.63 t
Frictional force = 6.91 t
Pier cap = 5.76 t
Moment transferred to well cap due to seismic load and braking effect.
=12.21*7.2+11.33*8.9+15.37*6.05+2.63*3.63+5.76*0.6
= 164.76174 tm
Total vertical load on well = 224.61 t
Distributed load on well cap = 282.05/3.14*6.5*6.5/4
W= 6.77 t/m2
Considering the support as simply supported,
Radial moment at center = 3wr2/16 = 13.41
= 13.41 *6.5 m
= 87.13 tm for full width.
Total moment at y-y = 272.1042+109.42 = 251.8953 tm
Required depth of well cap , d = √(381.523*1000 )/7.65*6.5 = 711.37 mm
Provided D = 1.2 m is enough
d = 1200-60-(32/2) = 1124 mm > 711.37 mm OK
NREC Jawagal - 10,Lalitpur Page 124

Calculation of area of steel
Mu = 0.87fyAstd(1-Astfy/fckbd)
Mu = 1.5*381.523 = 377.84 tm
= 3778.43 KNm
d= 1124 mm
b= 1000 mm
On solving we get,
Ast = 27085.6 mm^2
Using 32 mm dia. Bars.
No of 32 mm bars = 33.67818 = 34 nos.
Spacing of bar = 6.5*1000/34 = 191.1765 mm
Hence provide 34 nos. 32 mm dai bar @ 190 mm c/c
DESIGN OF WELL FOUNDATION FOR PIER
Well Foundation
HFL = 101.13 m
Bed level = 99.13 m
Scour depth from HFL = 6.13 m
thickness of well cap = 1.2 m
Depth of foundation below well cap = 6.13-((101.13-99.13)+0.5+1.2)) = 2.43 m
Adopt depth of well foundation = 5m
Where b1 = 1.8 m
a = 102.33 m
b = 97.43 m
c = 93.80 m
d = 91.23 m

Size of Well
Minimum diameter = 1/ 6 th of the height of the well

i.e. D = (1/ 6 )h = (1/6) * 5 = 0.83 m
Adopt an outside diameter of well = 6.5 m
Thickness of steining
t = KD √I. where t ≥ 500 mm
K = 0.03 for sandy strata

I= 5m
t = 0.03* 6.5 * √5.0 = 0.44 m
Provide t = 0.7 m > 0.44 m OK
Check for Sinking Effort

Downward force due to weight of well staining
Df = (π/ 4) ( D2 - d2) * D1 * 1.4 t/m3

= (π/ 4)( 6.52 - 5.12)* D1*1.4 t/m3
= 17.86 D1 tones……………………….(i)
Where
D= 6.5 m
d= 5.1 m
Skin friction to be overcome by well staining during sinking
Sf = 0.70 γ DD12tan ∅/2
Where, γ = weight of submerged sandy soil = 0.8 t/m3
D = 6.5 m
D1 = Depth of staining below ground up to cutting edge
ϕ = Angle of wall friction = 30°
Sf = 0.7* 0.8* 6.5 *D1^2tan 150
= 0.98 D12 …………………..(ii)
General condition of sinking will be ensured when Eq. 1> Eq.2

Maximum value of D1 = 6m
Minimum value of D1 = 0m
For D1 = 4.5 m,
Df = 17.86*4.5 = 80.36 t ………………Eq. 1

Sf = 0.98*4.5*4.5 = 4.39 t ………Eq. 2<Eq. 1
i.e. Df > Sf. O.K.
In addition , thickness of well staining is sufficient for sinking operation .
Loading
Dead load due to superstructure = 50.43 t

Braking traction force = 11.09 t
Friction al force = 6.91 t
Dead load of pier shaft= 26.26 t

Dead load of well cap = (π/ 4)*6.5*6.5*1.2*2.4 = 95.57 t

Dead load of top plug= (π/ 4)*5.1*5.1*0.75*2.4 = 36.77 t
Dead load of well curb and bottom plug= (π/ 4)*6.5*6.5*2*2.4 = 159.28 t
Dead load due to well staining= (π/ 4)(6.5*6.5-5.1*5.1) *(5-0.7)*2.4 = 131.63 t
Dead load due to sand filling = (π/ 4) * 5.1*5.1 * (5-2*0.7) * 1.80 = 132.37 t
Seismic load due to self weight of pier = 2.63 t

Seismic load due to well cap and top plug = (95.57+36.77) * 0.15
= 198.51 t
Buoyancy force on well from foundation to well cap = (π/ 4) *6.5*6.5*5.0*1.0
= 165.92 t
Buoyancy force on pier up to H.F.L.= (101.13-99.13)* 1.0 *3= 7.4 t
Buoyancy force on pier cap = (π/ 4) *6.5*6.5*1.2 = 39.82 t
Stablity Analysis
Case 1
Check for 'no tension ' at base.

Loading considered : Full D.L., 100% buoyancy below H.F.L. and Full seismic load.
Vertical forces without buoyancy
= 126.11+26.26+95.57+36.77+159.28+131.63+132.37 = 632.31 t
Total buoyancy force = 165.92+7.4+39.82 = 213.14 t
Total vertical force after deducting buoyancy = 707.99-213.14 = 419.18 t
Horizontal Forces:
Braking and Frictional force = 11.33+15.37 = 18.00 t

Seismic load due to superstructure = 126.11*0.15 = 7.56 t
Seismic load due to pier shift = (26.26- 7.4)*0.15 = 2.83 t
Seismic load due to well cap = (95.57 - 39.82) *0.15 = 8.36 t
Seismic load due to sand filling
( ab ove scour level) = (π/ 4)* 5.1 *5.1 *4.75 *0.8*0.15 = 11.64 t
Seismmic load due to top plug = (π/ 4) 5.1*5.1*0.75*1.40*0.15 = 3.22 t
Seismic load due to well staining
= (π/ 4) *(6.5*6.5-5.1*5.1) *6.50*1.40*0.15 = 17.41 t
Total horizontal force = 69.03 t
Moment due to horizontal forces about scour level
M= 26.7*12.90+18.92*13.90+2.83*9.22+8.36*6.20+11.64*5.225+3.22*2.43+17.41*2.80
= 532.72 tm
Moment due to water current is not taken into account , as the river will be streamlined.
ΣH = 69.03 t
ΣM = 532.72 tm
C.G. of horizontal forces y ̅ = 802.77/89.08 = 7.72 m above scour level

i.e. at R.L. = 97.43m + 9.01 = 105.15 m
Moment at base of well, at R.L = 95.00 m, = 89.08 * (106.44-95.0)
= 700.46 tm
Resistive moment at base due to passive pressure of soil = γh3/6*γ * Dcosδ( Kp/Fs-Ka)
Where, Fs = shape factor = 1.25
h= depth of well below scour level = 1.5 m
Kp = coefficient of passive earth pressure = 5.25

δ = ф = 150
k= 0.22 from previous calculations.
γ = Submerged unit weight of soil = 10 t/m3
D = diameter of well = 6.5 m
MR= 0.8*7.5^3/6* 0.8*6.5*0.966(5.25/1.25-0.22)
= 1405.71 tm > 700.46 tm , O.K.
Hence, no moment is transferred to the base of well.
Moment at base due to tilt and shift of well

Shift @0.15 m = 0.15 m
Tilt @ 1/60 * 5 = 0.08 m
Total = 0.23 m
Moment due to superstructure and abutment shift = (126.11+26.26)*0.23

= 17.89 tm
Moment due to well cap , top plug,staining and sand filling and bottom plug =
= (95.57+36.77+131.63+132.37-165.92)*0.083/2 = 9.60 tm
Total moment due to tilt and shift = 35.55+9.601 = 27.50 tm

Area of base = (π/ 4) * 6.5*6.5 = 33.18 m2
Section modulus z = π/32 * 6.5^3 = 26.96 m3
Stress at base due to tilt and shift = ±M/Z = ± 45.15/26.96 =
= ± 1.02 t/m2 = ± 0.10 Kg/ cm2
Direct stress = 494.86/26.96 = 15.55 t/m2 = 1.55 kg/cm2
Net pressure at base

fmin = 1.84-0.17 = 1.45 kg/cm2 < 30 kg/cm2
fmax = 1.84+0.17 = 1.66 kg/m2 < 30 kg/cm2
There is no tension at the base of well , hence safe.
Case II
Check for maximum base pressure
Loading considered - Full DL, max LL, 50% buoyancy for structure below well cap, full braking
effect under non - seismic cindition.
Load from superstructure = 50.43 t
Dead load from pier shaft = 26.26 t
Total = 129.04 t
Weight of well cap , top plug, bottom plug, staining and sand filling with 50% buoyancy
= 95.57+36.77+159.28+131.63+132.37-165.92/2 =
= 472.66 t
Total load = 202.41+472.66
= 601.70 t
Moment due to braking and friction = (11.33+15.37)*23.48 = 422.71 tm
Moment due to tilt and shift = 202.41*.23+472.66*0.083/2
= 49.80 tm
Total moment at base= 627.03+66.92 = 472.52 tm
Resistive moment due to passive pressure of soil

MR = 1405.71 tm > 472.52 tm OK
Since the moment of resistance is greater than applied moment, no moment is transferred to the
base of well.
V= 202.41+472.66 = 601.70 t

Maximum base pressure = ΣV/ A = 675.08/ 33.18

= 18.13 t/m2 = 1.81 kg/cm2
Which is less than allowable bearing capacity of soil at R.L.
= 91.23 m , hence safe.
Case III
Check for tension in well staining at depth ' h' below scour level where the external horizontal
forces will be balanced by passive soil resistance. Loading considered - Full D.L.,L.L, seismic
forces ,15% buoyancy of structure above the section under consideration and up to well cap.
Weight of sand filling and well staining for a depth ' h' meters :
(i) Staining = π/ 4( 6.5*6.5-5.1*5.1 ) h*(2.4-0.15) = 28.70 h tonnes
(ii) Sand filling = π/ 4(5.1*5.1) *h*(1.8-0.15) = 33.71 h tonnes

Total = 62.40 h tones
Total passive resistance of soil considering 100% buoyancy,
= 1/2 γ h2 * 0.90D cos δ(Kp/Fs - Ka)
= 1/2 * 0.9 * h2* 090 * 6.5 * 0.9659 ( 5.25/ 1.25- 0.22)
= 10.12 h^2 tones
Total horizontal forces up to section X-X:
= 26.7+ 18.92 +2.83+3.22+12.22 * (2.25/ 2.4) + 3.57 * (2.25/ 2.4) + 62.4 h * 0.15
= ( 66.47 + 9.36 h) tones
Equating all horizontal forces up to section X-X,
or 66.47 +9.36 h = 10.12 h^2

or h2- 0.925 h -6.57 = 0
on solving we get,
h= 3.06 m = 1.53 m
Weight of 1.53 m of staining and sand filling = 62.4 * 1.53
= 95.48 t
Total horizontal force = 66.47+9.36*1.53 = 80.79 t
Moment of all horizontal forces about X-X axis (R.L.51.80m)
M = 26.67*14.80+ 18.92* 17.40+3.09*11.12+12.22*8.10+3.57*7.12+17.41*(1.64/2)-89.08*(1.64/3)

= 536.35 tm
Total vertical load on well including self- weight of well
= 126.11+50.04+26.26+95.57*(2.25/2.4)+36.77*(2.25/2.4)+86.40(2.25/2.4)
= 334.11 t
Cross sectional area of steining (A) = 5*.7 = 3.5 m^2
Direct stress in staining = 407.48 / 3.5 = 95.46 t/m2
= 9.55 kg/cm2
Shift = 0.15 m
Tilt = 1/60 * (102.33-93.8) = 0.14 m
Total shift and tilt = 0.29 m

Moment due to superstructure , abutment and live load = 202.41* 0.29

= 37.70 tm
Moment due to well cap, top plug, steining and sand filling
(95.57+36.77+131.63+132.37-165.92)*0.14/2 = 16.38 tm

Section modulus of well steining = π/32 * 6.54 - (π/32) * 5^4/6.5
= 17.52 m3
Stress due to tilt and shift = ± M/Z = ± 75.52 / 17.52

= ± 3.09 t/m2
= ± 0.31 kg / cm2
Bending stress due tp horizontal force = ± 852.44/ 17.52

= ± 30.61 t/m2
= ± 3.06 kg/cm2
Maximum stress = 11.64+0.43+4.87 = 12.92 kg/ cm2 < 30 Kg/ cm2

Minimum stress = 11.64- 0.43 - 4.87 = 6.18 kg/ cm2
Hence, nominal reinforcement is required in well staining.
Vertical reinforcement in well steining.
Area of steel = 0.15 % of cross sectinal area of well staining

= ( 0.15/ 100 ) * 5 * 1* 1 = 7500 mm^2
The steel is provided on both faces with cover of 75 mm and in radial direction from the
centre of well. Radial distance of outer layer of steel from the center of well,
R1 = (6.5 - 0.15)/2 = 3.18 m
Radial distance of inner layer of steel from the center of well,
R2 = (5.1 + 0.15)/2 = 2.63 m
Let A1 be the area of steel in outer layer ,

A1 = {R1/(R1+R2)} * Ast = (3.18/(3.18+2.63))*7500 = 4105.60 mm^2
A2 = 7500-4105.60 = 3394.40 mm2
Providing 16 mm ф bars @ 300 c/c at outer layer,
No. of bars per well (2π 3.25)/0.3 = 68.07 = 70 nos.
Area of steel A1 provided = 13685.85 mm2 > 4105.60 mm2 O.K.

hence provide 70 nos. 16 mm dia. Bar @ 300 mm c/c
In outer layer.
Providing 70 no. of 12 mm ф bars at inner layer,
c/c spacing of 12mm ф bars = (2π *3.25 ) / 68 = 291.7193

i.e. say 290 mm/cc
Hence provide 70 nos. 12 mm dia. Bar @ 290 mm c/c
in inner layer.
Check for Hoop Tension in well steining

Maximum hoop tension in well steining for one metre height = γ wHD/2
= 1000* 5* 6.5/2 = 16250 kg = 16.25 t
Passive soil pressure at base per metre height
= 1/2 γ h^2*0.90 *D* cosδ (Kp/ Fs -Ka)

= 1/2 *10*5*5*10*6.5*6.5*0.9659(5.25/1.25 - 0.38)
= 31234.791 t > 36.58 t
Hence no hoop reinforcement is necessary considering the hydrostatic pressure.

Detailed Engineering Design of Amarpati Bridge Design calculation VOLUME - III
Design of Well cap for Abutment
Let thickness of well cap be 1.2 m

Diameter of well (D) = 6.5 m
Radius of well (r) = 3.25 m
Load on well cap:
Load from super structure = 32.95 t

dead load from abutment shaft = 45.20 t
Self weight of well cap = 3.1428 * 6.5*6.5 * 1.2 * 24/(4*10) = 95.57 t
Total vertical load = 220.56 t
Seismic load on well cap

Super structure = 3.30 t
Braking effect = 11.08 t
Abutment shaft = 4.52 t
Moment transferred to well cap due to seismic load and braking effect.
=8.34*7.2+11.08*8.9+4.57*6.05
= 116.58 tm
Total vertical load on well = 220.56 t
Distributed load on well cap = 282.05/3.14*6.5*6.5/4
W= 6.65 t/m2
Considering the support as simply supported,
Radial moment at center = 3wr2/16 = 13.16
= 13.16 *6.5
= 85.56 tm for full width.
Total moment at y-y = 153.11+104.54 = 202.1472 tm
Required depth of well cap , d = √(257.647*1000 )/7.65*6.5 = 637.26 mm
Provided D = 1.2 m is enough
d = 1200-60-(32/2) = 1124 mm > 637.26 mm OK
NREC Jwagal-10,Lalitpur Page 132

Calculation of area of steel

Mu = 0.87fyAstd(1-Astfy/fckbd)
Mu = 1.5*257.647 = 303.22 tm
= 3032.21 KNm
Where d= 1124 mm
b= 1000 mm
On solving we get ,
Ast = 12329.62 mm^2
Using 28 mm dia. Bars.
No of 28 mm bars = 20.02367 = 22 nos.
Spacing of bar = 6.5*1000/34 = 295.4545 mm = 290 mm
Hence provide 22 nos. 28 mm dia. bar @ 290 mm c/c
DESIGN OF WELL FOUNDATION FOR ABUTMENT
Well Foundation
HFL = 101.13 m
Bed level = 99.13 m
Scour depth from HFL = 6.13 m
thickness of well cap = 1.2 m
Depth of foundation below well cap = 6.13-((101.13-99.13)+0.5+1.2)) = 2.43 m
Adopt depth of well foundation = 5m
Where b1 = 1m
a = 102.33 m
b = 97.43 m
c = 93.80 m
d = 91.23 m
Size of Well
Minimum diameter = 1/ 6 th of the height of the well

i.e. D = (1/ 6 )h = (1/6) * 5 = 0.83 m
Adopt an outside diameter of well = 6.5 m

Thickness of steining
t = KD √I. where t ≥ 500 mm
K = 0.03 for sandy strata

I= 5m
t = 0.03* 6.5 * √5.0 = 0.44 m
Provide t = 0.7 m > 0.44 m OK
Check for Sinking Effort

Downward force due to weight of well staining
Df = (π/ 4) ( D2 - d2) * D1 * 1.4 t/m3

= (π/ 4)( 6.52 - 5.12)* D1*1.4 t/m3
= 17.86 D1 tones……………………….(i)
Where
D= 6.5 m
d= 5.1 m
Skin friction to be overcome by well staining during sinking
Sf = 0.70 γ DD12tan ∅/2
Where, γ = weight of submerged sandy soil = 0.8 t/m3
D = 6.5 m
D1 = Depth of staining below ground up to cutting edge
ϕ = Angle of wall friction = 30°
Sf = 0.7* 0.8* 6.5 *D1^2tan 150
= 0.98 D12 …………………..(ii)
General condition of sinking will be ensured when Eq. 1> Eq.2

Maximum value of D1 = 6m
Minimum value of D1 = 0m
For D1 = 4.5 m,
Df = 17.86*4.5 = 80.36 t ………………Eq. 1

Sf = 0.98*4.5*4.5 = 4.39 t ………Eq. 2<Eq. 1
i.e. Df > Sf. O.K.
In addition , thickness of well staining is sufficient for sinking operation .
Loading
Dead load due to superstructure = 32.95 t

Braking traction force = 11.08 t
Dead load of abutment shaft= 45.20 t
Dead load of well cap = (π/ 4)*6.5*6.5*1.2*2.4 = 95.57 t
Dead load of top plug= (π/ 4)*5.1*5.1*0.75*2.4 = 36.77 t
Dead load of well curb and bottom plug= (π/ 4)*6.5*6.5*2*2.4 = 159.28 t
Dead load due to well staining= (π/ 4)(6.5*6.5-5.1*5.1) *(5-0.7)*2.4 = 131.63 t
Dead load due to sand filling = (π/ 4) * 5.1*5.1 * (5-2*0.7) * 1.80 = 132.37 t
Seismic load due to self weight of abutment = 4.52 t
Seismic load due to well cap and top plug = (95.57+36.77) * 0.15

= 198.51 t
Buoyancy force on well from foundation to well cap = (π/ 4) *6.5*6.5*5.0*1.0
= 165.92 t
Buoyancy force on abt. up to H.F.L.= (101.13-99.13)* 1.0 *3= 7.4 t
Buoyancy force on abt. cap = (π/ 4) *6.5*6.5*1.2 = 39.82 t
Stablity Analysis
Case 1
Check for 'no tension ' at base.

Loading considered : Full D.L., 100% buoyancy below H.F.L. and Full seismic load.
Vertical forces without buoyancy
= 83.41+45.73+95.57+36.77+159.28+131.63+132.37 = 633.77 t
Total buoyancy force = 165.92+7.4+39.82 = 213.14 t
Total vertical force after deducting buoyancy = 684.76-213.14 = 420.64 t
Horizontal Forces:
Braking and Frictional force = 11.08 = 11.08 t

Seismic load due to superstructure = 83.41*0.15 = 4.94 t
Seismic load due to abt. shift = (45.73- 7.4)*0.15 = 5.67 t
Seismic load due to well cap = (95.57 - 39.82) *0.15 = 8.36 t
Seismic load due to sand filling
( ab ove scour level) = (π/ 4)* 5.1 *5.1 *4.75 *0.8*0.15 = 11.64 t
Seismmic load due to top plug = (π/ 4) 5.1*5.1*0.75*1.40*0.15 = 3.22 t
Seismic load due to well staining
= (π/ 4) *(6.5*6.5-5.1*5.1) *6.50*1.40*0.15 = 17.41 t
Total horizontal force = 62.33 t
Moment due to horizontal forces about scour level

M= 11.08*12.90+12.51*13.90+5.75*9.22+8.36*6.20+11.64*5.225+3.22*2.43+17.41*2.80
= 433.17 tm
Moment due to water current is not taken into account , as the river will be streamlined.
ΣH = 62.33 t
ΣM = 433.17 tm
C.G. of horizontal forces y ̅ = 539.10/69.97 = 6.95 m above scour level

i.e. at R.L. = 97.43 + 7.7 = 104.38 m
Moment at base of well, at R.L = 95.00 m, = 69.97 * (105.13-95.0)
= 584.62 tm
Resistive moment at base due to passive pressure of soil = γh3/6*γ * Dcosδ( Kp/Fs-Ka)
Where, Fs = shape factor = 1.25

h= depth of well below scour level = 2.57 m
Kp = coefficient of passive earth pressure = 5.25
δ = ф = 15 0
k= 0.22 from previous calculations.

γ = Submerged unit weight of soil = 10 t/m3
D = diameter of well = 6.5 m
MR= 0.8*7.5^3/6* 0.8*6.5*0.966(5.25/1.25-0.22)
= 7070.04 tm > 584.62 tm , O.K.
Hence, no moment is transferred to the base of well.
Moment at base due to tilt and shift of well

Shift @0.15 m = 0.15 m

Tilt @ 1/60 * 5 = 0.08 m
Total = 0.23 m
Moment due to superstructure and abutment shift = (83.41+45.73)*0.23

= 18.24 tm
Moment due to well cap , top plug,staining and sand filling and bottom plug =
= (95.57+36.77+131.63+132.37-165.92)*0.083/2 = 9.60 tm
Total moment due to tilt and shift = 30.13+9.601 = 27.84 tm

Area of base = (π/ 4) * 6.5*6.5 = 33.18 m2
Section modulus z = π/32 * 6.5^3 = 26.96 m3
Stress at base due to tilt and shift = ±M/Z = ± 39.73/26.96
= ± 1.03 t/m2 = ± 0.10 Kg/ cm2
Direct stress = 471.63/26.96 = 15.60 t/m2 = 1.56 kg/cm2
Net pressure at base

fmin = 1.75-0.15 = 1.46 kg/cm2 < 30 kg/cm2
fmax = 1.75+0.15 = 1.66 kg/m2 < 30 kg/cm2
There is no tension at the base of well , hence safe.
Case II
Check for maximum base pressure
Loading considered - Full DL, max LL, 50% buoyancy for structure below well cap, full braking
effect under non - seismic cindition.
Load from superstructure = 32.95 t
Dead load from abt. shaft = 45.20 t

Total = 124.99 t
Weight of well cap , top plug, bottom plug, staining and sand filling with 50% buoyancy
= 95.57+36.77+159.28+131.63+132.37-165.92/2 =
= 472.66 t
Total load = 173.91+472.66
= 597.65 t
Moment due to braking and friction = (11.08)*23.48 = 260.16 tm
Moment due to tilt and shift = 173.91*.23+472.66*0.083/2
= 48.86 tm
Total moment at base= 260.16+60.27 = 309.02 tm
Resistive moment due to passive pressure of soil

MR = 7070.04 tm > 309.02 tm OK
Since the moment of resistance is greater than applied moment, no moment is transferred to the
base of well.
V= 173.91+472.66 = 597.65 t
Maximum base pressure = ΣV/ A = 646.57/ 33.18

= 18.01 t/m2 = 1.80 kg/cm2
Which is less than allowable bearing capacity of soil at R.L.

= 91.23 m , hence safe.

Case III
Check for tension in well staining at depth ' h' below scour level where the external horizontal
forces will be balanced by passive soil resistance. Loading considered - Full D.L.,L.L, seismic
forces ,15% buoyancy of structure above the section under consideration and up to well cap.
Weight of sand filling and well staining for a depth ' h' meters :
(i) Staining = π/ 4( 6.5*6.5-5.1*5.1 ) h*(2.4-0.15) = 28.70 h tonnes
(ii) Sand filling = π/ 4(5.1*5.1) *h*(1.8-0.15) = 33.71 h tonnes

Total = 62.40 h tones
Total passive resistance of soil considering 100% buoyancy,
= 1/2 γ h2 * 0.90D cos δ(Kp/Fs - Ka)
= 1/2 * 0.9 * h2* 090 * 6.5 * 0.9659 ( 5.25/ 1.25- 0.22)
= 10.12 h^2 tones
Total horizontal forces up to section X-X:
= 11.08+ 12.51 +5.75+3.22+12.22 * (2.25/ 2.4) + 3.57 * (2.25/ 2.4) + 62.4 h * 0.15
= ( 39.71 + 9.36 h) tones
Equating all horizontal forces up to section X-X,
or 39.71 +9.36 h = 10.12 h^2

or h - 0.925 h -4.68 = 0
2
on solving we get,
h= 2.67 m = 1.34 m
Weight of 1.34 m of staining and sand filling = 62.4 * 1.34
= 83.31 t
Total horizontal force = 66.47+9.36*1.34 = 78.97 t
Moment of all horizontal forces about X-X axis (R.L.51.80m)
M = 45.73*14.80+ 12.51* 17.40+3.22*11.12+12.22*8.10+3.57*7.12+17.41*(1.64/2)-69.97*(1.64/3)

= 899.0164 tm
Total vertical load on well including self- weight of well
= 83.41+44.77+45.73+95.57*(2.25/2.4)+36.77*(2.25/2.4)+86.40(2.25/2.4)
= 330.06 t
Cross sectional area of steining (A) = 5*.7 = 3.5 m^2
Direct stress in staining = 378.98 / 3.5 = 94.30 t/m2
= 9.43 kg/cm2
Shift = 0.15 m
Tilt = 1/60 * (5-1.34) = 0.14 m
Total shift and tilt = 0.29 m
Moment due to superstructure , abutment and live load = 173.91* 0.29

= 36.52 tm

Moment due to well cap, top plug, stei ning and sand filli ng
(95.57+36.77+131.63+132.37-165.92)*0.14/2 = 16.38 tm

Section modulus of well steining = π/32 * 6.54 - (π/32) * 5^4/6.5
= 17.52 m3
Stress due to tilt and shift = ± M/Z = ± 67.19 / 17.52
= ± 3.02 t/m2
= ± 0.30 kg / cm2
Bending stress due tp horizontal force = ± 1035.186/ 17.52
= ± 51.31 t/m2
= ± 5.13 kg/cm2
Maximum stress = 10.83+0.38+5.91 = 14.86 kg/ cm2 < 30 Kg/ cm2

Minimum stress = 10.83- 0.38 - 5.91 = 4.00 kg/ cm2
Hence, nominal reinforcement is required in well staining.
Vertical reinforcement in well steining.
Area of steel = 0.15 % of cross sectinal area of well staining

= ( 0.15/ 100 ) * 5 * 1* 1 = 7500 mm^2
The steel is provided on both faces with cover of 75 mm and in radial direction from the
centre of well. Radial distance of outer layer of steel from the center of well,
R1 = (6.5 - 0.15)/2 = 3.18 m
Radial distance of inner layer of steel from the center of well,
R2 = (5.1 + 0.15)/2 = 2.63 m
Let A1 be the area of steel in outer layer ,

A1 = {R1/(R1+R2)} * Ast = (3.18/(3.18+2.63))*7500 = 4105.60 mm^2
A2 = 7500-4105.60 = 3394.40 mm2
Providing 16 mm ф bars @ 300 c/c at outer layer,
No. of bars per well (2π 3.25)/0.3 = 68.07 = 70 nos.

hence provide 70 nos. 16 mm dia. Bar @ 300 mm c/c
In outer layer.
Providing 70 no. of 12 mm ф bars at inner layer,
c/c spacing of 12mm ф bars = (2π *3.25 ) / 68 = 291.7193

i.e. say 290 mm/cc
Hence provide 70 nos. 12 mm dia. Bar @ 290 mm c/c
in inner layer.
Check for Hoop Tension in well steining
Maximum hoop tension in well steining for one metre height = γ wHD/2
= 1000* 5* 6.5/2 = 16250 kg = 16.25 t
Passive soil pressure at base per metre height

= 1/2 γ h^2*0.90 *D* cosδ (Kp/ Fs -Ka)

= 1/2 *10*5*5*10*6.5*6.5*0.9659(5.25/1.25 - 0.38)
= 31234.79 t > 36.58 t
Hence no hoop reinforcement is necessary considering the hydrostatic pressure.

Nominal Size(mm) Cross Sectional Area(mm2) Mass per Meter(kg)
4 12.6 0.099
5 19.6 0.154
6 28.3 0.222
8 50.3 0.395
10 78.6 0.617
12 113.1 0.888
16 201.2 1.58
20 314.3 2.47
25 491.1 3.85
28 615.8 4.83
32 804.6 6.31

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OUT PUT DATA

S.N. Parameters Symbols Values

S.N. Parameters Value

1 Maximum flow (Q50) 201.31

Basic Permissible Stresses of Reinforcing Bars as per IRC : 21-2000:

Self weight of materials as per IRC : 6-2000:

1.2. Geometrical Properties:

NREC Jawagal-10, Lalitpur Page 5

600 7500 600

2.0 Design of Slab

Thickness of slab = 275 mm at junction with rib

NREC Jawagal-10, Lalitpur Page 6

Dead Load Bending Moment and Shear Force:

Dead load Shear force at the face of rib = 1439.5 kg

NREC Jawagal-10, Lalitpur Page 7

Live Load Bending Moment and Shear Force:

Load per meter width of slab = 3.99 t/m

NREC Jawagal-10, Lalitpur Page 8

Check for min. area of Steel:

NREC Jawagal-10, Lalitpur Page 9

Design for Shear:

Shear stress, M  tan 

Permissible shear stress, K ´t c 1.04 x 0.551 = 0.57 N/mm2

Long span of slab, Ls = 3m

Calculation of Bending moments

a) Due to Dead load:

Ratio, k = Bs/Ls = 0.83

Moment along long span, ML = 125.05 kg-m

Considering effects of continuity,

b) Due to Live load:

Imaginary load W3 = W2 is placed on the other side of W1 to make loading symmetrical.

Bending moment due to load W1:

NREC Jawagal-10, Lalitpur Page 10

Loaded width, v = 0.25+2x0.08 = 0.41 m

Ratio, k = Bs/Ls = 0.83

Moment along short span,

ML2 = 969.0 kg-m

Bending moment due to load W2: Fig. 4

Wheel load W2 = 5700 kg

NREC Jawagal-10, Lalitpur Page 11

From the Pigeaud’s curve,

Considering loaded area 0.66 x 1.99 m

Calculation of Shear Force

a) Due to Dead load:

NREC Jawagal-10, Lalitpur Page 12

b) Due to Live load:

Shear force due to load W2:

Therefore, Effective width = 0.400 m < 1.2 m

Total shear force = 4123.0 kg

NREC Jawagal-10, Lalitpur Page 13

Effective depth required,

Provide f 16 mm bars @ 250 mm c/c

Effective depth for long span = 142 mm

Check for shear:

Permissible shear stress, ´K´t c = 1.04 x 0.45 = 0.468 N/mm2

Dead load of cross girder,

785.4kg 785.4kg 785.4kg

Shear Force due to Dead load:

NREC Jawagal-10, Lalitpur Page 14

At ½ span =420/2 210.0 kg

NREC Jawagal-10, Lalitpur Page 15

Bending Moment due to Dead load:

Max. LL on pier from right side = (11.425+11.423.8+6.819.5+6.816.5+6.813.5+6.810.5)/25