SPM Science Power Note

Neurone structure

Central Nervous System Brain structure and function Brain damage

Reflex action

Voluntary and involuntary action Type of action:

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Endocrine gland

Type of Drugs Dangerous effect of alcohol

1. Depressants -
2. Stimulants -
3. Opiates
4. Hallucinogens

Mitosis and meiosis

Functions:

Cross breeding --- dominant gene, recessive gene, genotype, phenotype

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Sex determination Sex linked disease( eg: a Hemophilia
Man married a Hemophilia Carrier Woman)

Identical twins and non-identical twins Continuous variation vs Discontinuous variation

Genetic make up:

Sex:

Gene mutation and Chromosomal mutation

State each type of heredity disease based on the explanation given.
a) Changes in the gene that control skin colour. ________________________________
b) Patient cannot distinguish between red and green. ___________________________________
c) Patient's blood clots slowly. ___________________________________
d) Changes in the gene that produce hemoglobin. ___________________________________
e) Patient's somatic cell has 47 chromosomes. ___________________________________
f) Patient's gamete cell has one extra X chromosome. _________________________________
g) Patient's gamete cell lacks of one chromosome. __________________________________

Changes in physical state

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Subatomic particles Isotopes:

Proton Number and Nucleon Number

Periodic table

atomic substance vs Molecular substance vs Ionic substance

Substance

Physical state at room temp

Electrical conductivity

Boiling point & melting point

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Purification by distillation (liquid - liquid) Purification by crystallisation (solid-liquid)

Physical change and chemical change Exothermic reaction and endothermic reaction

Electrochemical series Extraction of metal

Electrolytic cell Electroplating

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Purification Type of cell:

Radioactive ray and electric field Radioactive rays and penetrating power

Nuclear fusion vs Nuclear fission

Radioactive substance and use

Field Radioisotopes Use
Detect underground pipe leakage
Industry
Detect thickness of paper
Study the absorption of fertilizers
Agriculture Study photosynthesis
Sterilize the pest
Detect thyroid cancer
Medicine Kill cancer cell
Sterilize surgical instrument
Archeology Detect the fossil age
Food technology Preserve food and prevent germination
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Camera vs human eyes

Ray diagram for convex lens and concave lens

Light scattering Light dispersion

Light addition Filter

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Alloy and alloying purpose Example of alloy

Properties of metal Haber process

Type of Microorganism

Reproduction method

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Uses of microorganism Ideal bacteria growth condition

Disease caused by microorganism Vector, pathogen and disease

Pathogen Description Diseases

Vector Pathogen Disease
Single cell organism without Tuberculosis, Gonorrhea, Syphilis,
virus Dengue
nucleus Cholera
protozoa Malaria
Non living cell that reproduce Dengue, Common flu, Chicken Pox,
bacteria Cholera
inside a living host AIDS, Hepatitis A/B
Virus Leptospirosis
Single cell organism with
Malaria
nucleus

Simple organism Ring worm, Tinea

Immunisation Difference between Vaccine and Antiserum

Artificial active Aspect Artificial active
immunity immunity

Dead or weak Type of injection Specific antibodies

pathogen (vaccine) (antiserum)

Before a person Time of injection When the person is

suffered from disease suffered from disease
Longer Time taken to Shorter
achieve immunity

Long-lasting Duration of Short lasting

immunity

Yes booster dose No

Immunity level graph Malnutrition:

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Calculating calories Food pyramid

Nutrition deficiency in plants Photosynthesis

Water cycle Carbon cycle

Nitrogen cycle Eutrophication

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Water pollution Air pollution

green house effect and global warming

thinning of ozone layer acid rain

Food web and food chain

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Oil palm Palm oil extraction

Rich in vitamin

Fermentation Esterification

Saponification Vulcanisation

Soap molecule Cleansing action of soap

Natural rubber vs vulcanised rubber Polymerisation

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Latex coagulation (ammonia vs acid)

Saturated fats vs unsaturated fat

Four stroke petrol engine

Velocity Inertia

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Hydraulic system Archemedes principle

Force act on aeroplane Bernoulli principle

Bernoulli principle Rocket tank

Food additives Food Act 1983 and The Food Regulations 1985
Preservatives Name and address of manufacturer
Colourings Food type
Bleach Food ingredients
Flavouring Food quantity
Stabiliser Expiry date
Sweetener
Antioxidant
Emulsifier

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Food processing method

Thermoplastic and thermoset

Radio wave Radio signal

Electrical component

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Electromagnetic spectrum

Radio transmission system Radio receiver system

Geostationary satellite

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