UNAN - DSEC - Sesion08 - Dr. S Delgado

Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de Nicaragua
Detallado dúctil de marcos

especiales de concreto armado
sometidos a fuerzas sísmicas
Tema 9
Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

Topic Overview
• Concrete and reinforcement behavior

• Reference standards
• Requirements by Seismic Design Category
– Moment resisting frames
– Shear walls
• Other topics
• Design Examples

Topic Overview

– Shear walls
• Other topics
• Design Examples

Unconfined Concrete Stress-Strain Behavior
20000
4500 psi
18000 8800 psi
16000 13,500 psi
14000 17,500 psi
Stress, psi
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004
Strain, in./in.

Confinement by Spirals or Hoops
Asp fyhAsp
ds
fyhAsp
Confinement Forces acting Confinement

from spiral or on 1/2 spiral or from square
circular hoop circular hoop hoop

Confinement
Rectangular hoops Confinement by Confinement by

with cross ties transverse bars longitudinal bars

Confined Concrete
Stress-Strain Behavior
8000 no confinement
4.75 in.
7000 Pitch of
3.5 in.
¼ in. dia.
6000 2.375 in.
spiral
1.75 in.
Stress, psi
5000
4000
3000
Tests of
2000 6 in. x 12 in.
1000 cylinders
0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
Average strain on 7.9 in. gauge length

Idealized Stress-Strain Behavior of
Confined Concrete
Kent and Park Model
No Hoops
4500 4 in.
4000 6 in.
9 in.
3500
12 in.
3000
Stress, psi
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0 0.004 0.008 0.012 0.016
Confined Area 12” x 16” Strain, in./in.

Reinforcing Steel Stress-Strain Behavior
100
Grade 75
80
Stress, ksi
Grade 60
60 rupture~10-12%
Grade 40
40
strain hardening~ 1-3%
E = 29,000 ksi rupture ~18-20%
20
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

Microstrain

Reinforced Concrete Behavior
steel
yields failure
Load
cracked-inelastic
cracked-elastic
uncracked
Mid-Point Displacement, 
Behavior Up to First Yield of Steel
b
c fc
c
d 
As
sEs < fy
s
Strain Stress

Behavior at Concrete Crushing
b  c,max f'c
c C
d  jd
As
fy Asfy
s >y
Strain Stress Forces
Mn = Asfyjd

Typical Moment Curvature Diagram
700
w/ strain hardening
600 f’c = 4 ksi
fy = 60 ksi
500 w/o strain hardening
M, in-kip
b = 8 in
400 d = 10 in
300 r = 0.0125
200
100
0
0 100 200 300
 x 10-5 in-1
Influence of Reinforcement Ratio
5000
f’c = 4 ksi
4000
fy = 60 ksi
b = 10 in
M, in-kip
3000
d = 18 in
2000
r = 2.5%
1000
r = 1.5%
r = 0.5%
0
0 100 200 300 400
 x 10-5 in-1

Influence of Compression Reinforcement
1600 Beam r r'

1 0.0375 0.0250
2 0.0375 0.0125
2 1 3 0.0375 0
1200 4 0.0250 0.0125
3 5 0.0250 0
6 0.0125 0.0125
800 5 4 7 0.0125 0
M 2
lb / in
bd2 6
400 7
0
0 0.008 0.016 0.024

Moment-Curvature with Confined Concrete
 c,max f'c
c

As
fy
s >y
Strain Stress

Moment-Curvature with Confined Concrete
35000
30000
25000
Moment, in-k
20000 Beam - 24 in. x 36 in.

Tension Steel - 12 ea. #10
15000 Compression Steel - 5 ea. #8
Confining Steel - #4 hoops at 4 in. c-c
10000
5000
without confining with confining
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000
curvature, microstrain/in.

Plastic Hinging
l
idealize
M  actual
lp plastic
rotation
u -y
Mu u

Strategies to Improve Ductility
• Use low flexural reinforcement ratio

• Add compression reinforcement
• Add confining reinforcement

Other Functions of Confining Steel
• Acts as shear reinforcement

• Prevents buckling of longitudinal
reinforcement
• Prevents bond splitting failures

Structural Behavior
Frames
Story Mechanism Sway Mechanism

Story Mechanism

Structural Behavior - Columns
Ultimate 14 in square
1000 4-#11 bars
yield f' c = 4 ksi
fy = 45 ksi
800
Axial load, P, kip
600 1.75” bending axis
400
200
0
0 400 800 1200 1600 0.002 0.001 0
Moment, M, in-kip Curvature, , rad/in

Influence of Hoops on Axial Strength
Gross column Confined concrete
Area = A g Area = A core
Before spalling- After spalling-

P = Agf’c P = Acore(f’c + 4 flat)
After spalling  Before spalling

Column with
Inadequate Ties

Well Confined Column

Hysteretic Behavior of Well Confined Column
M 1.0
Mu
0.5
-4 4
-0.5 Drift, %
-1.0

Structural Behavior Columns

M1 M1 V
V
L
V
M2 M2
P
M 1  M 2 2 M pr
V= =
L L Range
of P
M
Mo Mpr

Column Shear Failure

Structural Behavior Joints
fc T
ft
h
Cc
Cs
Max. shear force

Vj = T- V

Hysteretic Behavior of Joint with Hoops
1.0
M
Mu
0.5
-1 5 6
Drift, %
-0.5

Hysteretic Behavior of Joint without Hoops
1.0
M
Mu
0.5
-1 5 6
Drift, %
-0.5

Joint Failure – No Shear Reinforcing

Anchorage Failure in
Column/Footing Joint

Summary of Concrete Behavior
• Compressive Ductility
– Strong in compression but brittle
– Confinement improves ductility by
• Maintaining concrete core integrity
• Preventing longitudinal bar buckling
• Flexural Ductility
– Longitudinal steel provides monotonic ductility at low
reinforcement ratios
– Transverse steel needed to maintain ductility through
reverse cycles and at very high strains (hinge
development)

Summary of Concrete Behavior
• Damping
– Well cracked: moderately high damping
– Uncracked (e.g. prestressed): low damping
• Potential Problems
– Shear failures are brittle and abrupt and must be
avoided
– Degrading strength/stiffness with repeat cycles
• Limit degradation through adequate hinge
development

Topic Overview

– Shear walls
• Other topics
• Design Examples

Reference Standards
16

Provisions  ASCE 7-16  ACI 318-19
ASCE 7-16 for Concrete

Structural design criteria: Chap. 12
Structural analysis procedures: Chap. 12
Design of concrete structures: Sec. 14.2
Provisions modifications to ASCE 7-10
ASCE 7-16 modifications to ACI 318-14

Reference Standards
ASCE 7-16:
Defines systems and classifications
Provides design coefficients
ACI 318-19:
Provides system design and detailing
requirements consistent with ASCE 7-16
system criteria
Modified by ASCE 7-16

Seismic-Force-Resisting Systems
Moment Frames
Cast-in-Place
Special
Intermediate
Ordinary
Precast
Special
Shear walls
Cast-in-Place
Special
Ordinary
Detailed plain
Ordinary plain
Precast
Intermediate
Ordinary
Dual Systems
Use of Reference Standards
• ACI 318
– Chapter 18, Earthquake-Resistant Structures
• ASCE 7-16 and Provisions Section 14.2
– Modifications to ACI 318
– Detailing requirements for concrete piles
• Provisions supersede ASCE 7-10
modifications

Detailed Modifications to ACI 318
• Wall piers and wall segments

• Members not designated as part of the LRFS
• Columns supporting discontinuous walls
• Intermediate precast walls
• Plain concrete structures
• Anchoring to concrete
• Foundations
• Acceptance criteria for validation testing of
special precast walls

Topic Overview

– Shear walls
• Other topics
• Design Examples

Design Coefficients Moment Resisting Frames
Response Deflection
Seismic Force
Modification Amplification
Resisting System Coefficient, R Factor, Cd
Special R/C Moment

8 5.5
Frame
Intermediate R/C
5 4.5
Moment Frame
Ordinary R/C
3 2.5
Moment Frame

Design Coefficients
Dual Systems with Special Frames
Response Deflection
Seismic Force
Modification Amplification
Resisting System
Coefficient, R Factor, Cd
Dual System w/
7 5.5
Special Walls
Dual System w/
6 5
Ordinary Walls

General Requirements
Seismic
ACI 318-14
Design Description
Requirements
Category
Sec. 18.2.1.3
B Analysis and proportioning
Sec. 18.2.2
Sec. 18.2.1.4
Analysis and proportioning
C Sec. 18.2.2
Anchoring to concrete
Sec. 18.2.3
Sec. 18.2.1.5 Analysis and proportioning
Sec. 18.2.2 through
Anchoring to concrete
D, E & F 18.2.8
Sec. 18.12 through Diaphragms, foundations, & non
18.14 LRFS members

Moment Frames
Seismic Design Minimum

ACI 318-14 Requirements
Category Frame Type
Chapters 1-17 and 19-26

B Ordinary
Sec. 18.3
C Intermediate Sec. 18.4
Secs. 18.2.3-18.2.8
D, E and F Special
and 18.6-18.8

Topic Overview

– Shear walls
• Other topics
• Design Examples

Performance Objectives
• Special Moment Frames
– Strong column
• Avoid story mechanism
– Hinge development
• Confined concrete core
• Prevent rebar buckling
• Prevent shear failure
– Member shear strength
– Joint shear strength
– Rebar development and splices (confined)

• Intermediate Moment Frames
– Avoid shear failures in beams and columns
– Plastic hinge development in beams and columns
– Toughness requirements for two-way slabs without
beams
• Ordinary Moment Frames
– Minimum ductility and toughness
– Continuous top and bottom beam reinforcement
– Minimum column shear failure protection

Special Moment Frames
• General detailing requirements

• Beams
• Joints
• Columns
• Example problem

Frame Mechanisms
“strong column – weak beam”
Story mechanism Sway mechanism

Required Column Strength
 Mnc  1.2 Mnb

M nc1
M nb1 M nb2
M nc2

Hinge Development
• Tightly Spaced Hoops

– Provide confinement to increase concrete strength
and usable compressive strain
– Provide lateral support to compression bars to
prevent buckling
– Act as shear reinforcement and preclude shear
failures
– Control splitting cracks from high bar bond stresses

Hinge Development
Before
spalling
After
spalling

Hinge Development
Bidirectional cracking
Spalled cover

ACI 318, Overview of SMF:
Beam Longitudinal Reinforcement
200  r  0.025
fy
At least 2 bars continuous
top & bottom
Joint face Mn+ not less than 50% Mn-

Min. Mn+ or Mn- not less than
25% max. Mn at joint face
Splice away from hinges and

enclose within hoops or spirals

Beam Transverse Reinforcement
Closed hoops at hinging regions
with “seismic” hook
135º hook, 6dh  3” extension
Maximum spacing of hoops:

d/4 6db 6”
Longitudinal bars on perimeter

tied as if column bars
2h
min Stirrups elsewhere, s  d/2

Beam Shear Strength
1.2D + 1.0L + 0.2S
Mpr1 Mpr2
Mpr = Mn with
n fs = 1.25fy ,  = 1 .0
Ve1 Ve2
Mpr1  Mpr 2 w u n
Ve =   Ve by analysis
n 2
If earthquake-induced > 1 V
shear force 2 e
then Vc = 0
'
A f
and Pu < g c
20
Beam-Column Joint
Vcol
Vj = T  C - Vcol
T C
T = 1.25fy A s, top
Vj
C = 1.25fy A s, bottom

ACI 318, Overview of SMF: Beam-column Joint
20
 
Vn = 15  f 'c A j
12 
 
• Vn often controls size of columns
• Coefficient depends on joint confinement
• To reduce shear demand, increase beam depth
• Keep column stronger than beam

Column Longitudinal Reinforcement
M nc1
0.01  r  0.06
M nb1 M nb2
 Mnc  1.2 Mnb
(strong column-weak beam)
M nc2
Mnc based on factored axial force,

consistent with direction of lateral forces

ACI 318, Overview of SMF: Column Transverse
Reinforcement at Potential Hinging Region
nl: number of longitudinal

bars that are laterally
supported by the corner of
hoops or by seismic hooks

ACI 318, Overview of SMF: Column Transverse
Reinforcement at Potential Hinging Region
hx hx
 14 - h x 
so = 4   
 3 
Spacing shall not exceed the smallest of:
b/4 or 6 db or so (4” to 6”)
Distance between longitudinal bas supported by hoops or cross ties, hx  14”

Potential Hinge Region
• For columns supporting stiff members such as
walls, hoops are required over full height of column
if
f 'c A g
Pe >
10
• For shear strength- same rules as beams (concrete
shear strength is neglected if axial load is low and
earthquake shear is high)
• Lap splices are not allowed in potential plastic
hinge regions

Splice in Hinge
Region
Terminating
bars

Potential Hinge Region
 d 
 
 
 clear height 
o   6 
 
 18" 
 
 

Topic Overview

– Shear walls
• Other topics
• Design Examples

Members Not Part of LFRS
• In frame members not designated as part of
the lateral-force-resisting system in regions
of high seismic risk:
– Must be able to support gravity loads while subjected
to the design displacement
– Transverse reinforcement increases depending on:
Forces induced by drift
Axial force in member

Diaphragms
Diaphragm
Shear walls
Collectors, if req’d to transfer force
from diaphragm to structural walls
Load from analysis in accordance
With design load combinations
Check:
• Shear strength and reinforcement (min. slab reinf.)
• Chords (boundary members)
- Force = M/d Reinforced for tension
(Usually don’t require boundary members)

Struts and Trusses:
• All members have axial load (not flexure), so
ductility is more difficult to achieve
• Full length confinement

Precast Concrete:
Field connections Field connections

at points of low must yield
stress
Strong connections Ductile connections

• Configure system so that hinges • Inelastic action at field
occur in factory cast members splice
away from field splices
Quality Assurance:
Rebar Inspection
• Special inspection
– Rebar placement
– Prestressing tendon placement, stressing, grouting
– Concrete placement
• Testing
– Rebar (ratio of yield to ultimate)
– Concrete

Topic Overview

– Shear walls
• Other topics
• Design Examples

IK5
Special Moment Frame Example

A A’ B C C’ D N
1
• Located in Berkeley, California 2
• 12-story concrete building
7 @ 30’ = 210’
3
• N-S direction: SMF
4
• E-W direction: dual system
5
• Seismic Design Category D
6
• Modal Analysis Procedure
7
8
5 @ 20’ = 100’
Typical Floor Plan

Diapositiva 76
IK5 Update required.

Insung Kim, 8/4/2016
Frame Elevations
Grid Lines 3 to 6 Grid Lines 2 and 7

Story Shears: E-W Loading

Seismic Analysis: Dual Systems
• For dual systems,

moment frame must be
designed to resist at least
25% of design seismic
forces (ASCE 7, Sec.
12.2.5.1)
100% forces with

structural wall
25% forces w/o
structural wall

Layout of Reinforcement
#4 stirrup
4 #8 bar,
assumed
28.5”
29.5”
32”
24”
30”
Design Strengths
Design Aspect Strength Used
Beam flexure Design strength
Beam shear Maximum probable strength
Beam-column joint Maximum probable strength

1.2 times nominal
Column flexure
beam strength
Column shear Maximum probable strength

Bending Moment Envelopes:
Frame 1 Beams, 7th Floor

Beam Reinforcement: Longitudinal
Design for Negative Moment at the Face of the Interior Support

(Grid A’):
Mu = 1.46(-602) + 0.5(-278) + 1.0(-3,973) = -4,976 inch-kips
One #7 bars in addition to the four #8 bars required for minimum

steel:
As = 4(0.79) + 1(0.60) = 3.76 in^2
a = 3.76 (60)/[0.85 (5) 24] = 2.21 inches
FMn = 0.9(3.76)60(29.5 – 2.21/2) = 5,765 inch-kips
> 4,976 inch-kips
.
(continued)
Design for Positive Moment at Face of Interior Support (Grid A’):
Mu = [-0.64(602)] + [1.0(3,973)] = 3,593 inch-kips
Four #8 bars similar to the exterior support location are adequate by

inspection.

(continued)
Check additional requirements:
Minimum of two bars continuous top and OK (three #8 bars continuous top
bottom: OK (four #8 bars continuous top
and bottom)
Positive moment strength greater than OK (at all joints)
50 percent negative moment strength at
a joint:
Minimum strength along member greater OK (As provided = four #8 bars is

than 0.25 maximum strength: more than 25 percent of
reinforcement provided at joints)

Beam Reinforcement: Layout
1
4

Determine Beam Design Shear
Assumed
hinging
B C mechanism
6,841
Probable moment
strength, Mpr (k-in)
7,929 Vu,grav = 34.1 kips

20’ – 30”
= 17’-6”=210”
M pr1  M pr 2 7,929  6,841

Ve =  Vu , grav =  34.1 = 104.4 kips
n 210

Loading
Beam Shear
Hinge locations
Force
A A' B C
7,042 7,042 7,042

7,042
Beam moments
(a)
Seismic moment
(tension side)
in.-kips
5,519 5,519 5,519 5,519

210"
15" 240" 15"
58.1 58.1 58.1
Seismic shear
(b)
Seismic shear
positive
kips
58.1 58.1 58.1
33.8 33.3 33.3 (c)

Gravity shear
Factored
gravity shear
(1.42D + 0.5L)
32.9 33.3 33.3 positive
kips
91.9 91.4 91.4

25.2 24.8 24.8
(d)
Design shear
seismic + gravity
Design shear
positive
24.3 24.8 24.8
kips
91.0 91.4 91.4

Beam Reinforcement: Transverse
Vseismic > 50% Vu therefore take Vc = 0
Use 4 legged #4 stirrups
Av f y d 0.75(0.8)(60)(29.5)
smax = = = 10.2 in.
Ve 104.4
At ends of beam s = 6 in.

(near midspan, s = 6.0 in. w/ 2 legged stirrup)

Beam Reinforcement: Transverse
• Check maximum spacing of hoops within

plastic hinge length (2h)
– d/4 = 7.4 in.
– 6db = 6.0 in.
– 6 in.
Therefore, 6.0 in. spacing at ends is adequate
At beam rebar splices, s = 4.0 in.

Joint Shear Force
Vcol V j = T  C - Vcol
T C
Vj
T = 1.25 f y As , top
C = 1.25 f y As , bottom
But how to compute Vcol?

Joint Shear Force V col
 M pr ,L  M pr ,R   VR  VL  h2 

=  h
Vcol
lc
At 7th Floor, Column C:
V e,L M pr,R
 30 
 7 ,929  6,841  70 . 3  70 . 3 
2 
lc
Vcol = = 108 .2 kips M pr,L V e,R
156
V col

Joint Shear Force
108
282 237
411
T = 1.25 f y As ,top = 282 kips
C = 1.25 f y As ,bot = 237 kips
V j = T  C - Vcol = 411 kips
Vn = 15 f c' A j = 15 5,000 (30) 2 = 955
Vn = 0.85  955 = 811 kips > 411 kips

Frame 1 Column Design
f 'c Ag
Column: Pu > A A' B
10 PL = 78 kips Includes
PD = 367 kips level 7
M > 1.2 M nb
32"
then: nc
Level 7
13'-0"
30"
32"
Level 6
Design column using

standard P-M
interaction curve 20'-0" 20'-0"

Column Design Moments
Design for strong column based on nominal beam moment strengths
A A' B
6,406
Beam moments (Level 7)
5,498
M nc = 1.2 M nb
1.25,498  6,406 = 14,285 k - ft
7,142
Column moments (Level 7),
7,142 assume uniform distribution
top and bottom

Column Transverse Reinforcement
nl: number of longitudinal

bars that are laterally
supported by the corner of
hoops or by seismic hooks

Maximum spacing is smallest of:

h/4 = 30/4 = 7.5 in.
6db = 6*1.0 = 6.0 in. (#8 bars)
so calculated as follows:
14 - h x
so = 4 
3
for 12 #8 vertical bars and #4 hoops,

hx = 8.33 in. and so = 5.72 in.
Next, check confinement requirements……

Assume 4 in. hoop spacing:
fc' < 10,000 psi and Pu< 0.3fc'Ag Equation (c) was not
required.
 f '   Ag    5  900 

Ash = 0.3 sbc c    - 1 = 0.3 ( 4 )( 27 )  - 1 = 0. 63 in 2
 f   A    60  729 
 yt   ch  
and
f 'c  5 
Ash = 0.09 sbc = 0.09(4)(27)  = 0.81 in 2
f yt  60 
Therefore, use #4 bar hoops with 4 legs

Ash = 0.80 in2

Determine Column Shear
Based on probable moment strength of columns
and can be limited by probable moment strength of beams
Mpr,top
Mpr,1 Mpr,2 Vseismic
n
Vseismic
Mpr,3 Mpr,4
Mpr,bottom

Column Shear Design
Based on column moments:
Mpr,col = 14,940 k-in (12 #8 vert and Pmax)
2(14,940)
Ve = = 241 kips
(124)
f 'c Ag 5(30)(3)
For Pmin > = = 225 kips,
20 20
Vc can be included in shear calculation

Column Shear Design
Assume 6 in. max hoop spacing at mid-height of column
Vc = 2 f 'c bd = 2 5,000 (30)(27.5) = 117 kips

Av f y d 0.8(60)(27.5)
Vs = = = 220 kips
s 6
Vn =  (Vc  Vs ) = 0.75(117  220) = 252 kips > 241 kips OK
Hoops: 4 legs #4
s = 6 in. max

Column Reinforcement
A'
• Confinement length, Level 7
lo, greater of:
32"
• h = 30 in.
2"
7 at 4"
• Hc/6 = (156-32)/6 = (12) #8 bars
20.7 in. #4 hoops
30"
7 at 6"
+ +
• 18 in. 30"
2" 7 at 4"
– Therefore, use 30 in. Level 6
7 at 4"
32"
2"
30"

Intermediate Moment Frames
• Beams
• Columns

ACI 318, Overview of IMF:
Beam Longitudinal Reinforcement
Flexural reinforcement per Ch.9
Joint face Mn+ not less than 33% Mn-

Min. Mn+ or Mn- not less than
20% max. Mn at joint face
No specific splice req’ts

Beam Transverse Reinforcement
Closed hoops at beam ends
Maximum spacing of hoops:

d/4 8db 24dbh 12”
Longitudinal bars on perimeter

tied as if column bars
2h
min Stirrups elsewhere, s  d/2

Beam Shear Strength
Two options:
• Similar to Special Moment Frames using
nominal moment strengths instead of probable
moment strengths.
• Design load combinations with 2x earthquake
shear
1.2D + 1.0L + 0.2S + 2.0E
V1 V2

Hoops at both ends of column: spacing so over length lo
   hmax 
8db  
 
   
 24dbh   clear height 
so    o   6 
 hmin/2   
 "   
   18 " 
 12   
Outside length lo, transverse reinforcement per Ch. 10

Column Shear Strength
Two options:
• Similar to Special Moment Frames using
nominal moment strengths instead of probable
moment strengths.
• Design load combinations with W0x earthquake
shear
1.2D + 1.0L + 0.2S + W0E

Summary of Seismic Detailing for Frames
Issue Ordinary Intermediate Special

Hinge development and
minor full
confinement
Bar buckling lesser full
Member shear lesser full
Joint shear minor minor full
Strong column full
Rebar development lesser lesser full
Load reversal minor lesser full

Sísmica — Ω, Cd, y Factores R (ASCE 7)
WWW.CONCRETE.ORG/ACI318 278
Sísmica - Parámetros
Parámetro en ASCE 7-16 Tabla Ejemplo
12.2-1
Muros de cortante especiales de
Sistema de resistencia ante fuerzas concreto reforzado
sísmicas (sistema de la estructura del
edificio)
Sección ASCE 7 es donde se

Sección ASCE 7 "Concreto" 14.2
especifican los requisitos de detalle
Coeficiente de modificación de
6
respuesta, R
Factor de sobreresistencia, Ω0 2.5
Factor de amplificación de
5
deflexión, Cd
CDS B Sin límite

Limitaciones del sistema CDS C Sin límite
estructural, incluyendo los límites CDS D 160 pies
de altura estructural CDS E 160 pies
CDS F 100 pies
7
Sísmica
• Se permite la acción inelástica controlada en
lugares predeterminados, llamados articulaciones
plásticas
• Las ubicaciones típicas de las articulaciones
plásticas se encuentran en los extremos de las
vigas en los pórticos de momentos, y en las bases
de los muros de cortante
Mecanismo del piso Mecanismo del desplazamiento lateral

Sísmica
• Se aplican las reglas
prescriptivas para el
detallado del refuerzo,
son reforzados
creando articulaciones
plásticas robustas
• Las articulaciones
plásticas reducen la
rigidez de la estructura,
lo que alarga el
período; y las
articulaciones
plásticas disipan la
energía sísmica
18.6.3.1 y 18.8.2.3 — Vigas de pórticos
especiales resistentes (y nudos)
• Refuerzo longitudinal
Juntas interiores hc/20 (Gr. 420)
hc/26 (Gr. 550)
≥ 𝐴− + máx. a)
hc 𝑠 o 𝐴𝑠 ≥ max
b)
c) mínimo de 2 barras continuas
hb
en cualquier nudo
en cualquier sección
18.6.4.4 — Vigas de pórticos especiales
resistentes a momentos
• Refuerzo transversal
d/4
hc
s≤ 150 mm
6db (Gr. 420), 5db (Gr. 550)
No
Image
d/4
s ≤ 100 mm
hb
Estribo Estribo cerrado de

cerrado de confinamiento @
confinamiento empalme por traslapo
a lo largo de
2hb
Estribos con ganchos sísmicos
Cap. 26 — Tolerancias para estribos cerrados de
confinamiento sísmicos
26.6.2.1(c)
18.7.5.3 y 18.7.5.5 — Columnas en pórticos
especiales resistentes a momentos
• Primer estribo cerrado de
confinamiento en so/2 desde
la cara del nudo ℓu/6 luz libre ℓo
ℓo ≥ [c1, c2]máx.
450 mm
so
6db,min (Gr. 420), 5db,min (Gr. 550)
s≤
150 mm
s
so ℓo
so ≤
18.7.4.3 —Fallo por hendimiento de la
adherencia en columnas
Diagrama del
momento El hendimiento se
puede controlar
restringiendo el
ℓu Τ2 tamaño de la
barra longitudinal
para que se
ajuste:
ℓu Τ2
1.25ℓd ≤ ℓu/2
Sokoli y Ghannoum (2016)
18.7.2, 18.7.3 — Columnas de PERM
Mnc
Columna fuerte / Viga débil
• Límites dimensionales de Viga
la columna, 18.7.2
– Dimensión más pequeña ≥
300 mm Mnb Mnb
– Lado corto/largo ≥ 0.4
• Comprobación de la Columna
resistencia a la flexión,
18.7.3.2 Mnc
– ∑Mnc ≥ (6/5)∑Mnb,
– Excepción, 18.7.3.1
• Ignorar comprobar en el piso
superior donde 𝑷𝒖 ≤ 𝟎. 𝟏𝑨𝒈 𝒇′𝒄
18.4.3.3. — Columnas en pórticos intermedio
resistente a momentos
• Se requieren estribos cerrados de
confinamiento o espirales ℓo
• Primer estribo cerrado de
confinamiento en so/2 desde la
cara del nudo
ℓu /6 luz libre
ℓo ≥ [c1, c2]máx. so ℓ
oo
450 mm
8db (Gr. 420) and 200 mm

so ≤ 6db (Gr. 550) and 150 mm
1/2[c1, c2]mín.

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Universidad Nacional

Detallado dúctil de marcos

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

• Concrete and reinforcement behavior

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

• Concrete and reinforcement behavior

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

Confinement Forces acting Confinement

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

Rectangular hoops Confinement by Confinement by

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

Confined Area 12” x 16” Strain, in./in.

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

1600 Beam r r'

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

20000 Beam - 24 in. x 36 in.

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

• Use low flexural reinforcement ratio

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

• Acts as shear reinforcement

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

Story Mechanism Sway Mechanism

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

600 1.75” bending axis

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

Before spalling- After spalling-

After spalling  Before spalling

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

Max. shear force

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

• Concrete and reinforcement behavior

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

ASCE 7-16 for Concrete

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

Dr. Ing. Sebastian A. Delgado

• Wall piers and wall segments