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Photo 1: A building structure design using new exiting building

method 3D-Honeycomb.

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 Framed Solid
Construction Construction

Lattice Panel / Box

Construction Construction

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Photo 2: Sketch of a load-bearing wall

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Photo 3: Timber Frame Structure

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1) Space Frame
- similar to space decks in their basic
concept.
- more flexible in design & layout
possibilities.
- main component is the connector jointing
together the chords & braces.
- usually designed as a double-layer grid .
- used mainly for geometrical shapes such
as dome.

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Photo 4: A space frame building

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2) Portal Frame
- may be defined as a continuous or rigid frame
between the supporting member or column &
the spanning member or beam.
- the objective of portal frame continuity:
* ↓ the bending moment in the spanning member.
* method: by allowing the frame to act as one
structural entity
* as a result: distributing the stresses throughout
the frame.

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Mardhati binti Abdul Rahim 14
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 Floor Wall Roof
finishes finishes coverings

Door Window Furniture

Internal
Opening
decorations

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 Water
supply

Waste
Electric
disposal
supply
system

Sewerage Building AHU

system Facilities system

Telecomm Lift &

unication Escalator

Fire-
fighting
system

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