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P2 Final f4
P2 Final f4
2½ jam
Dua jam tiga puluh minit
Jumlah
1
Section A
Bahagian A
[60 marks]
[60 markah]
1. Table 1 shows the number of protons, neutrons and electrons present in atom P and atom
Q. P and Q are not the actual symbols of the atoms.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan bilangan proton, neutron dan electron dalam atom P dan atom Q. P
dan Q bukan simbol sebenar bagi atom-atom itu.
P 12 12 12
Q 17 18 17
Table 1
Jadual 1
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(iii) What are the two subatomic particles present in the nucleus of an atom?
Apakah dua zarah subatom yang terdapat dalam nucleus suatu atom?
1. ………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………
[2 marks]
2
[1 mark]
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) Given that atom Q and atom R have the same chemical properties. Give one
reason.
Diberi atom Q dan atom R mempunyai sifat kimia yang sama. Berikan satu
sebab.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(c) (i) The melting point and boiling point of element Q are -101 OC and -34OC
respectively.
What is the physical state of element Q at room temperature?
Takat lebur dan takat didih bagi unsur Q masing-masing ialah -101 OC dan
-34OC.
Apakah keadaan fizikal bagi unsur Q pada suhu bilik?
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
2 Diagram 2 below shows the position of six elements, present by A, B, C, D, E and F in the
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periodic table. By using the letters as symbol, answer the question below.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan kedudukan 6 unsur A,B, C, D, E dan F dalam jadual berkala unsur.
Dengan meggunakan simbol huruf, jawab soalan di bawah.
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[ 1 mark]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(c) Draw the electron arrangement in the compound formed between A and D.
Lukis susunan electron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk antara A dan D.
[2 marks]
(d) (i) Arrange the atom of elements of A, B, C , D and E by decreasing of atomic size.
Susun unsur A, B, C, D, dan E berdasarkan pengurangan saiz atom
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(e) The proton number for element X is 10. Among A, B, C, D and E which element shows
similar properties to X? [1M]
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Proton nombor bagi unsur X ialah 10. Antara A, B, C, D dan E unsur manakah yang
menunjukan ciri yang sama dengan X?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(f) When a small piece of element A is put into water, AOH solution is formed and gas Z
is released. State
Apabila seketul unsur A di masukkan ke dalam air, larutan AOH terhasil dan gas Z
terbebas. Nyatakan
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) one observation when litmus paper is put into the solution.
satu pemerhatian apabila kertas litmus di masukkan ke dalam larutan.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
3 (a) Table 3.1 shows the empirical formula and molecular formula of three substances.
Jadual 3.1 menunjukkan formula empirik dan formula molekul bagi tiga sebatian.
X PbO PbO
Glucose
Glukos CH2O C6H12O6
Butene
Butena C4H8
Table 3.1
Jadual 3.1
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Write the empirical formula of butene.
Tuliskan formula empirik butena.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(iii) State the name of substance X.
Nyatakan nama sebatian X.
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……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(b) Diagram 3 shows set-up apparatus of heating copper(II) carbonate salt, CuCO 3 which
is produced copper(II) oxide, CuO and a gas that turn lime water chalky.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan radas pemanasan garam kuprum(II) karbonat, CuCO 3
yang menghasilkan kuprum(II) oksida, CuO dan gas yang menukarkan air kapur
menjadi keruh.
Diagram 3
Lime water
Rajah 3
Gas Y Air kapur
onat e
Copper carb (i) State the colour of copper oxide.
at
Kuprum karbon Nyatakan warna kuprum oksida.
Heat
Dipanaskan
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
Mass of X (g)
2.4
Jisim X (g)
Mass of X oxide (g)
4.0
Jisim oksida X (g)
Table 3.2
Jadual 3.2
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[Molar mass of X = 24; O = 16]
[Jisim molar bagi X = 24; O = 16]
Diagram 4.1
Rajah 4.1
Based on Diagram 4.1,
Berdasarkan Rajah 4.1,
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(ii) Name the colourless gas release.
Namakan gas tanpa warna yang terbebas.
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……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 1mark]
(b) Diagram 4.2 shows an apparatus set-up for the heating of zinc nitrate salt.
Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk pemanasan garam zink nitrat.
Nitrogen gas
Gas nitrogen
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(iv) Write the chemical equation for the reaction.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia tindak balas tersebut.
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……………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]
5. (a) Antacids is a group of medicines which help to neutralise the acid content in stomach
that causes heartburn. The antacids as weak bases act in excess by neutralising the
hydrochloric acid produce in stomach. The most common of these bases are
hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonate. One of example of antacids is magnesium
hydroxide which reacts to neutralise hydrochloric acid in stomach. Many of the
common antacids also include alganites. Most alganites work by forming a gel which
floats on top of the stomach contents. The gel acts as a protective barrier, preventing
stomach acid from irritating the oesophagus.
Antasid adalah kumpulah ubat- ubatan di mana membantu peneutralan asid di dalam
perut boleh menyebabkan pedih ulu hati. Antasid sebagai bes lemah bertindak pada
lebihan dengan meneutralkan asid hidroklorik yang dihasilkan di dlam perut. Bes yang
paling biasa adalah hidroksida, karbonat atau bicarbonate. Satu contoh antacid ialah
magnesium hidroksida di mana bertindak balas untuk meneutralkan asid hidroklorik di
dalam perut. Kebanyakan antacid yang biasa termasuk alganit. Kebanyakan alganit
bekerja sebagai penghasilan satu gel di mana terapung di atas isi perut. Gel ini
bertindak sebagai penghalang perlindungan, menghalang asid perut daripada
menghakis oesophagus.
Diagram 5.1
Rajah 5.1
(i) Write the chemical equation of neutralisation between magnesium hydroxide and
hydrochloric acid in stomach.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi peneutralan antara magnesium hidroksida dan
asid hidroklorik di dalam perut.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(ii) If you are taking an antacids, can you take other medication at the same time?
Give your reasons.
Jika anda mengambil antacid, bolehkah anda mengambil ubat-ubatan yang lain
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pada masa yang sama? Berikan alasan anda.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 marks]
(iii) In laboratory, Azim set-up the apparatus for titration of antacids magnesium
hydroxide with hydrochloric acid as shown in picture below. Using
phenolphthalein as the indicator, it is found that the antacids magnesium
hydroxide solution in the conical flask requires 80 cm 3 of hydrochloric acid for a
complete neutralisation.
Di dalam makmal, Azim menyusun radas untuk titratan antara antasid
magnesium hidroksida dengan asid hidroklorik. Dengan menggunakan
fenolftalein sebagai penunjuk, didapati bahawa larutan antasid magnesium
hidroksida di dalam kelalang kon memerlukan 80 cm3 asid hidroklorik untuk
peneutralan yang lengkap.
Diagram 5.2
Rajah 5.2
Calculate the molarity of the hydrochloric acid in mol dm-3.
Hitung kemolaran asid hidroklorik tersebut dalm mol dm-3.
[2 marks]
(b) Table 5 shows the observation for the experiment carried out on hydrogen chloride in
two different solvents.
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Jadual 5 menunjukkan pemerhatian bagi eksperimen yang dijalankan ke atas
hydrogen klorida dalam dua pelarut yang berlainan.
X: …………………………………………………………
Y: …………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(ii) Write an ionic equation to represent the condition of hydrogen chloride in solvent
X.
Tulis satu persamaan ion untuk mewakili keadaan hydrogen klorida dalam
pelarut X.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(iii) Hydrogen chloride in solvent Y does not give any effect on blue litmus paper.
Why?
Mengapakah hydrogen klorida dalm pelarut Y tidak memberi kesan terhadap
kertas litmus biru?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
6. (a) Diagram 6 shows the apparatus set-up to study the electrolysis of 1.0 mol dm -3 copper
(II) sulphate solution. In Set I, carbon electrodes are used. In Set II, copper electrodes
are used.
Rajah 6 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji elektrolisis larutan kuprum(II)
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sulfat 1.0 mol dm-3. Dalam Set I, elektrod karbon digunakan. Dalam set II, elektrod
kuprum digunakan.
Diagram 6
Rajah 6
(i) Write the half-equation for the reaction that takes place at the anode.
Tulis persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas yang berlaku di anod.
Set I :…………………………………………………..
Set II : …………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(ii) Describe briefly the chemical test to confirm the product at the anode in Set I.
Huraikan secara ringkas ujian kimia untuk mengesahkan hasil di anod di Set I.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(iii) Compare the colour of the copper (II) sulphate solutions in Set I and Set II after
one hour of electrolysis. Give one reason for your answer.
Bandingkan warna larutan kuprum(II) sulfat dalam Set I dan Set II selepas satu
jam elektrolisis dijalankan. Beri satu alasan bagi jawapan itu.
Comparison: …………………………………………………………………………..
Perbandingan:
Reason: ……………………………………………………………………………….
Alasan:
[2 marks]
(b) Zahid is very active in sports and always won in running competition. He has a medal
which is dull and want to make it more attractive. He want to coat the medal with a
silver coating. He tries to find a suitable method for coating the medal.
Zahid sangat aktif dan selalu memenangi tempat dalam pertandingan larian. Dia
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mempunyai satu medal yang nampak kusam dan mahu menjadikannya lebih menarik.
Dia hendak menyaluti medal tersebut dengan salutan argentum. Dia cuba
mendapatkan cara yang sesuai untuk menyaluti medal tersebut.
(i) Draw and label the set up of apparatus which suitable for Zahid to coat the
medal.
Lukiskan dan labelkan susunan radas yangs sesua untuk Zahiduntuk menyadur
logam tersebut.
[2 marks]
(ii) Name the industrial process for the set-up apparatus that drawn in (b) (i).
Namakan proses industry bagi susunan radas yang dilukis di (b) (i).
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(iii) At the end of the process, Zahid found that some parts of the medal are not
coated with silver. Give a reason for this and suggest a method to improve this
process.
Pada akhir proses, Zahid mendapati bahawa beberapa bahagian medal tersebut
tidak disadur dengan argentum. Berikan sebab untuk pemerhatian ini dan
cadangkan satu cara untuk memperbaik proses tersebut.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]
Section B
Bahagian B
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[20 marks]
[20 markah]
7. Styrofoam is a brand name for the material polystyrene (PS). It is created by injecting the
plastic polymer with a gas-such as clorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Chlorofluorocarbon,
CFC molecules are made up of chlorine, fluorine and carbon atoms and are extremely
stable. However, chlorine is able to destroy so much of the ozone, O3 because it acts as
a catalyst. Chlorine initiates the breakdown of ozone and combines with a freed oxygen to
create oxygen molecules. After each reaction, chlorine begins the destructive cycle again
with another ozone molecule. One chlorine atom can thereby destroy thousands of ozone
molecules. Ozone molecules are being broken down are unable to absorb any ultraviolet
light so we experience more intense UV radiation at the earths’ surface. Diagram 7.1
shows how CFCs causes the depletion of Ozone.
Styrofoam adalah nama jenama untuk bahan polistirena (PS). Ia dicipta dengan menyuntik
polimer plastik dengan gas-seperti klorofluorokarbon (CFC). Klorofluorokarbon, molekul
CFC terdiri daripada klorin, fluorin dan karbon atom dan amat stabil. Walaubagaimanapun,
klorin mampu untuk memusnahkan banyak ozon,O3 kerana ia bertindak sebagai
pemangkin. Klorin memulakan penguraian ozon dan bergabung dengan oksigen yang
dibebaskan untuk menghasilakn molekul oksigen. Selepas setiap tindak balas, klorin
memulakan kitaran merosakkan lagi molekul ozon yang lain. Satu atom klorin boleh
memusnahkan beribu-ribu molekul ozon. Molekul ozon yang telah diurai tidak dapat
menyerap cahaya ultraungu dan kita akan mengalami radiasi UV yang lebih kuat di
permukaan bumi .Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan bagaimana CFC menipiskan lapisan ozon.
Lone Cl strikes ozone, leaving chlorine monoxide and oxygen molecules, which result in a
loss of ozone
Diagram 7
Rajah 7
(a (i) State the type of bonding in chlorofluorocarbon, CFC
) Nyatakan jenis ikatan dalam kloroflorokarbon, CFC.
[ 1mark]
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(ii) Explain your answer in a(i)
Terangkan jawapan anda di a(i)
[2 marks]
(b In your opinion, do you think we should continuously use CFC in our daily life? Explain
) your answer.
Pada pendapat anda , adakah anda fikir kita perlu terus menggunakan CFC dalam
kehidupan seharian? Terangkan jawapan anda .
[3 marks]
(c) Atom Cl can react with atom K to form a compound. Explain how the compound is
formed.
Tindak balas antara atom K dan atom Cl membentuk sebatian. Jelaskan bagaimana
sebatian itu terbentuk
[5 marks]
(d Explain why a covalent compound cannot conduct electricity while an ionic compound
) can conduct electricity in molten or in aqueous form.
Terangkan mengapa sebatian kovalen tidak dapat mengalirkan elektrik manakala
sebatian ionik dapat mengalirkan elektrik dalam keadaan leburan atau larutan akueus.
[3 marks]
20
10 X
Diagram 8.1
Rajah 8.1
[4 marks]
(b Diagram 8.2 shows an apparatus set-up for the reaction between chlorine gas and iron.
) Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk tindak balas diantara gas klorin dan ferum.
Combustion tube
Iron wool Soda lime
Tiub pembakaran
Kapas besi Kapur soda
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Chlorine gas
Gas klorin
Heat
Dipanaskan
Diagram 7.2
Rajah 7.2
(ii) Calculate the volume of chlorine gas needed to react with 5 g of iron wool and the
mass of product formed.
Kirakan isipadu gas klorin yang diperlukan untuk bertindak balas dengan 5 g kapas
besi dan jisim hasil yang terbentuk.
[Relative atomic mass: Fe=56; Cl= 35.5; Molar volume: 24 dm 3 mol-1 at room
condition]
[Jisim atom relatif: Fe=56; Cl=35.5; isipadu molar: 24 dm3 mol-1 pada keadaan bilik]
[4 marks]
(c) Table 8 shows a properties of elements in period 3.
Jadual 8 menunjukkan ciri-ciri unsur dalam kala 3.
Element of period 3 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Unsur kala ke-3
Proton number 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Nombor proton
Atomic radius (pm) 186 160 143 118 110 104 100 94
Jejari atom
Electronegativity 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.5 3.0 -
Keelektronegatifan
Table 8
Jadual 8
Based on Table 8, explain the changes in the properties of the elements across the
period.
Your answer must include the changes in atomic size, electronegativity, and oxides
properties.
Berdasarkan Jadual 8, terangkan perubahan ciri-ciri bagi unsur-unsur merentasi kala.
Jawapan anda mesti termasuk perubahan pada saiz atom keelektronegatifan, dan sifat-
sifat oksidanya.
[10 marks]
Section C
Bahagian C
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[20 marks]
[20 markah]
9. Cell A and Cell B in Diagram 9 investigate one of the factors that can affect the electrolysis
yield, which is the concentration of the electrolyte.
Sel A dan B dalam Rajah 9 menyiasat salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil
elektrolisis, iaitu kepekatan elektrolit.
Diagram 9
Rajah 9
(a) (i) State two factors that could affect the electrolysis yield in Diagram 9.
Nyatakan dua faktor lain yang mempengaruhi hasil elektrolisis di Rajah 9.
[2 marks]
(ii) Choosing an example from Diagram 9, briefly explain how these factors affect
the electrolysis yields.
Dengan memilih satu contoh daripada Rajah 9, jelaskan secara ringkas
bagaimana faktor-faktor ini mempengaruhi hasil elektrolisis.
[4 marks]
(b) Compare the electrolysis yields that can be obtained from Cells A and B. Your
comparison must consist of observations at electrodes, the half-equations, and
products at anode and cathode in both experiments.
Bandingkan hasil elektrolisis yang diperolehi daripada sel A dan B. Perbandingan
anda mesti mengandungi pemerhatian di elektrod, setengah persamaan tindak balas,
dan hasil di anod dan katod di kedua-dua eksperimen.
[10 marks]
(c) Draw a diagram to a show a Daniell Cell by using suitable electrodes and electrolyte.
Lukiskan satu rajah untuk menunjukkan satu sel Daniell dengan menggunakan
elektrod dan elektrolit yang sesuai.
[4 marks]
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(ii) State two chemical reactions to prepare soluble salt.
Nyatakan dua tindak balas kimia untuk menyediakan garam terlarutkan.
[2 marks]
(iii) Below are the steps required to prepare soluble salt. Arrange the steps in correct
order.
Cool the filtrate
Heat the acid
Evaporate the filtrate to one third of its volume
Add solid powder until some of it no longer dissolves
Filter the mixture
Filter the crystals
Garam X pepejal apabila dipanaskan akan menghasilkan satu baki yang kuning
semasa panas dan putih semasa sejuk. Gas perang juga dihasilkan semasa proses
pemanasan. Anda dikehendaki untuk mengesahkan kation dan anion yang hadir di
dalam larutan garam X.
Senaraikan semua bahan dan nyatakan pemerhatian. Nyatakan larutan garam X.
[10 marks]
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