SECTION 1.2 herons Seqence ET ® Determine what comes next in the given patterns 7. Ax 1,240,000; r= 8% per year,1=30 years EhCE 8. A= 786,000; P= 247,000; 1= 17 years 2 BOM N 9. A= 731,093; P= 525,600; r= 3% per year 3, 3612244896 susdipeamed SLB 410. Suppose the population of a certain bacteria in a 5, 4139373533 laboratory sample i 100, Lit doubles n population every 6 hours, what is the growth rate? How many ® Substitute the given values inthe formula A = Peto bacteria wil there be in wo days? find the missing quantity. . 6. P= 680,000; r= 12% per year: 1= 8 years, ‘AS we have seen in the previous section, the human mind is hardwired to recognize patterns. In mathematics, we can generate patterns by performing one or several ‘mathematical operations repeatedly. Suppose we choose the number 3 as the first number in our pattern, We then choose to add 5 to our first number, resulting in 8, which is our second number. Repeating this process, we obtain 13, 18, as the succeeding ‘numbers that form our pattern. In mathematics, we call these ordered lists of numbers a sequence. [section 1.2 The Fibonacci Sequence Sequence A sequence is an ordered list of numbers, called terms, that may have repeated values. ‘The arrangement of these terms is set by a definite rule. SUTTER cenerating a Sequenc Analyze the given sequence for its rule and identify the next three terms, a. 1,10, 100, 1000 b 2,5,9, 14,20 |TEBE curren + [nme ct tena Solution amit can be observed that each term is 2 power of 10 10, 10 y= 10) Following this ule, the next three ease vote 10,000, 10"= 100000 and 10" = 1.000.000. | xl 5) is 3. The difference difference between the third | sn the fourth and the filth the next three terms, | the next three terms syween the first and second terms ( xd third terms (5 and 9) is 4. The sifference betwee! be deduced that to obtain the current term. Hence, b, The differen between the second and fourth terms (9 and 14) is 5. The: terms is 6, Following this rule, it can wwe should add 7, 8, 9, respectively 10 are 204.7227, 27 +8 =35,35+9 = 44 eT aSS | Analyze the given sequence for its rule and identify the next three terms | a. 16,32, 64, 128 a 1235.8 | [Check Your Progress ? Item B is a special sequence called the Fibonacci nea after the Talian mathematician Leonardo of Pisa, who was better ‘name Fibonacci, He is said to have discovered this sequence as he resized group of rabbits bred and reproduced. The problem involved ing out how many pairs of rabbits will be born sir of rabbits is born each month and this new The sequence sequence. Itis known by his ni looked at how a hypoth having single pair of rabbits and then findi in a year, with the assumption that a new pi pair in turn, gives birth (o additional pairs of rabbits beginning at two months after they ‘were born. He noted that the set of numbers generated from this problem could be extended by getting the sum of the two previous terms. Starting with 0 and 1, the succeeding terms in the sequence can be generated by ‘adding the two numbers that came before the term: O+lel old I4te2 OLL 1+2=3 Ott ib O41 O11 548-13 ont On While the sequence is widely known as Fibonacei sequence, this pattern is said to have been discovered much earlier in Indi ing {0 some scholarly articles, Fibonacci sequence is evident in the number of variations of a particular category of Sanskrit and Prakrit poetry meters. In poetry, meter refers to the rhythmic pattern of syllables, Fibonacci sequence, has many interesting properties. Among these is that this pattern is very visible in nature. Some of nature’s most beautiful patterns, like the spiral eraaenent of sual: seeds, the number of petals in a flower, and the shape of & gall ioe that we looked at earlier in this chapter—all contain Fibonacci It is also interesting to note that the ratios of successive Fibonacci numbers proach the number (Phi), also eG i Sesh te hi), also known as the Golden Ratio, This is approximatelySECTION 1.2 | hertonce Sequence EEE 1.0000 Bares 1 1 Zhereiss 1.5000 ‘The Golden Ratio can also be expressed as the ratio between two numbers if the latter is also the ratio between the sur and the larger of the two numbers. Geometrically, it can also be visualized as a rectangle perfectly formed by a square and another rectangle, ‘which can be repeated infinitely inside each section Ojpal999/Stock/ Thinkstock GGokden rectangle with the golden spiral ‘Shapes and figures that hear this proportion are generally considered to be aesthetically pleasing. As such, this ratio is visible in many works of art and architecture such asin the Mona Lisa, the Notre Dame Cathedral, and the Parthenon. In fact, the human DNA molecule also contains Fibonacei numbers, being 34 angstroms long by 21 ingsteoms wide for each full cycle of the double helix spiral. As shown in the list above, this approximates the Golden Ratio ata value of about 1,619 (I Angstrom = 10°" meter or 0.1 nanometer)EXERCISE SET 1,2 . Tat GR ‘The Parthenon is said to exhibit the application of the Golden Ratio, Let Fib(n) be the nth term of the Fibonacci sequence, vith Fib(1) = 1, Fib(2) = 1, Fib@) = 2, and so on. 1. Find Fib (8). . Find Fib (19). . If Fib (22) = 17,711 and Fib(24) = Fib(23)? . Evaluate the following sums: 16,368, what is a. Fib (1) + Fib (2) = — b. Fib (1) + Fib (2) + Fib G) = — c. Fib (1) + Fib (2) + Fib (3) + Fib (4) = — 5. Determine the pattern in the successive sums from the previous question, What will be the sum of Fib (1) + Fib(2) + ... + Fib(10)? = Answer completely. 6. If you have a wooden board that is 0.75 meters wide, how long should you cut it such that the Golden Ratio is observed? Use 1,618 as the value the Golden Ratio.