THIN-WALLED PRESSURE VESSEL

The tank of the air compressor is subjected to an internal pressure of 90 psi. If the internal diameter of
the tank is 22 in., and the wall thickness is 0.25 in., determine the stress components acting at point A.

Given:
22∈.
Radius (r) = = 11 in.
2
Thickness (t) = 0.25 in.
Internal Pressure = 90 psi.

Hoop Stress for Cylindrical Vessels: Recall that the hoop stress is the force exerted circumferentially
(perpendicular both to the axis and to the radius of the object) in both directions on every particle in the
cylinder wall.

r 11∈.
Since = = 44 > 10, then thin wall analysis can be used.
t 0.25∈.

For hoop stress, we use this equation:

pr
σ₁ =
t
Substitute the given values:

90 psi .(11∈.) 990 psi(¿ .)

σ1= = =3960 psi.=3.96 ksi .( Answer)
0.25∈. 0.25∈.
Longitudinal Stress for Cylindrical Vessels: Recall that longitudinal stress acts parallel to the cylinder
wall.

For longitudinal stress, we use this equation,

pr
σ₂ =
2t
Substitute the given values:

90 psi .(11∈.)
σ₂ =
2¿¿

Illustrating the volume element of the material at point A.

Note that the hoop stress is twice as much as the longitudinal stress for the cylindrical pressure vessel.
This is why an overcooked hotdog usually cracks along longitudinal direction first (i.e. its skin fails from
hoop stress, generated by internal steam pressure).
THREE-MOMENT EQUATION

Determine the moment at B by using the three-moment equation and show the bending moment
diagram. EI is constant.

Formula:

L₁ M A L1 L2 M C L ₂ −6 A ₁ x ₁ 6 A ₂ x ₂
EI ₁
+2MB (+
E I1 E I2
+ )
EI ₂
=
EI ₁ L₁
−
EI ₂ L ₂

Since, EI is constant and we have EI in every term, we can eliminate that out.

−6 A ₁ x ₁ 6 A ₂ x ₂
L ₁ M A +2 M B ( L1 + L ₂)+ M C L ₂= −
L₁ L₂

BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM

SOLUTION

Section 1

Compute the force:

PL (50 kN )(5 m)
= =125 kNmFor the Area (A₁):
4 4
1 1
A₁ = bh= ( 10 m ) (125 kN m ) =625 kNm2
2 2
Section 2

For the force:

wL (100 kN / m)(10 m)
= =125 kN
8 8
For the Area (A₂):

2 2
A₂ = bh= ( 10 m ) ( 125 kN ) =833.33 kNm
3 3

For the internal moments at each points:

At point A

M A =−( 20 kN ) ( 5 m ) =−100 kNm

At point C

MC = 0

At point B

To get the internal moment at point B ¿, substitute all the values to the equation:

L1=L2=10 m x 1=x 2=5 m

A1=625 kN m2 M A =100 kNm

A2=833.33 kN m M C =0

−6 A ₁ x ₁ 6 A ₂ x ₂
L ₁ M A +2 M B ( L1 + L ₂)+ M C L ₂= −
L₁ L₂
−6 ( 625 ) (5 ) 6 (833.33)(5)
( 10 ) (−100 ) +2 M B (10+ 10 )+ 0(10) = −
10 10
−1000+ 40 ( M B )=−1875−2500
 −4375+1000
M B=
40
M B =−84.375 kNm (Answer)