FRESH TISSUE EXAMINATION AND INTRO TO -Core biopsy

HISTOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES

1. F-nob – aspirate = drain sample – with guidance

Essential for diagnosis for physicians of imaging methods
Pathologist – reading tissue slides a. superficial tumours
- for forensic, cytologic b. benign tumors
MedTech – prepared the specimens 2. Small area
- see the initial results, but can’t be reported what a. Moles
observed b. certain
Study tissues based on their abnormal characteristics

3.
a. nodules
Fresh specimen – the best specimen; preferred because it b. Lyphoma
was still intact in the body c. PCOS
Compound – muscular d. Skin tags
- STAT = difficult; not easily accessible specimen; Gram e. Cyst non-malignat tumour
Stain Culture Sensitivity stat = not possible
- Motion / Motility = movement Diatodosis – migrating 4. Drill
= Fresh tissues specimen advantage a. bone marrow
- Steps in tissue processing

5. a. Scrape, Skin disorders, psoriasis

6. same as fine needle, but bigger hollow needle
there’s a scraper in the end (brush)
- For the diagnosis
-Carry the element of risk or danger
 c. thick secretion – spread evenly in slides
- Suspended into solution to stabilize
- for immediate preparation of microscopic
a. cheek cells
viewing. Direct
- Differential dyes - To stain the different pH in
d. very fresh
components of cell
- Bone marrow aspirate samples, bronchial aspirate,
aspiration techniques

- 15 minutes
- Principle: stop all of the biological process of specimen
-Rapid – very thin tissue section
- crushing - Cryostat – vacuum chaber
- compressed with 2 cover slip or glass slide to spread
- aspirates or aqueous such as amniotic fluid

- surgical operation – laboratory

- silver stains – compatible for nervous tissues

- blood film
-cytologic specimens
- Cytocentrifuge ( CSF, synovial fluid)
- through streaking (applicator stick, inoculating
needle)avoid to thick or too thin unsuitable for viewing
- through spreading (septic arthritis) Acid fast Bacilli –
coiling maintain integrity of cellular material

- Instantly freeze specimens
1. enzymes, bumababa ang vapour
2. double freeze the tissue specimen
3. Common employed by ; to extinguish fire
4. Topical; cryostat/freezing prays
TISSUE PROCESSING
- Number tag – batch tissue preparation esp. automated –
enclosed in tissue cassette ( number = code to identify)
- replace the specimen detail’s in form of code
- Processor: auto technique
- coding – important NEQUAS
- Gross: length, color, consistency, volume (aspiration)
2. Most crucial; complete and successful; fixatives
(formalin, alcohols = cytologic, mercury compunds,
acetic acid)
Deactivate
3. Bone cell, teeth, cartilages (special)
4. Removal of aqueous agents or substance (total water
cell content and fixatives)
- increasing concentrations of alcohol
5. Removal of dehydrating agent and makes the tissue
transparent
- remove alcohols to incorporate the staining
procedure
- flammable clearing agents (xylene, butane,
chloroforms, turpentine oil)
6. Impregnation - soluble infiltrating medium –
paraffin wax
7. Encase same medium with infiltration;
- making a tissue block
 8. expose the tissue itself removing excess HANDLE WITH CARE STARTING FROM
9. Preparation of very thin sections of the tissue for RECEIVING!!
slide mounting.
- special : microtome NaFaDaDaCal ETS SML
- produce tissue ribbon
- then put into water bath: serve as adhesive to
stick to slide/ surface tension

10. several types of stain

eosin – nucleus and cytoplasm
bluing
acid alcohol
series of other reagents
11. Cement – mounting / same refractive agent as
glass/ permanent tissue preservation

- LIS or barcode
- OMC or manual labelling

then after provide to pathologist