15-3(SB) 9781118436608

From the information, observe that a psychologist wishes to explore the effects of public
speaking on the systolic blood pressure of young adults.
Three conditions are tested. Each subject has his or her systolic blood pressure measured
under all three conditions.

a)

Perform RM ANOVA.

Calculate the variance for raw scores.

1
 2  Scores    x  x
2
ij
NT


1
36

 131  119.4722   ....   135  119.4722 
2 2

1
  132.89  ...241.11
36
3670

36
 101.97

Calculate the variance for row means.

1
 2  Row means     xi  x 
2

r

1
12

 132  119.4722   ...   133.33  119.4722 
2 2

1
  156.946  ...  192.131
12
893.880

12
 74.490

Calculate the variance for column means.

1
 2  Column means     xj  x 
2

c
1
3

  116.50  119.4722    117.92  119.47    124  119.47 
2 2 2

1
  8.834  2.420  20.501
3
31.755

3
 10.585

Calculate the sum of squares for total.

SStot  NT  2  Row scores 

 36  101.97 
 3670.972

Calculate the sum of squares for RM.

SS RM  N T  2  Column means 
 36  10.58
 381.0556

Calculate the sum of squares for subjects.

SS sub  NT  2  Row means 

 36  74.940
 2681.639

Calculate the sum of squares for interaction.

SSint er  SStot  SS RM  SS sub

 3670.972  381.0556  2681.639
 3670.972  3062.694
 608.278

Calculate the degrees of freedom for RM and interaction.

df RM  c  1
 3 1
2

dfint er   r  1  c  1
  12  1  3  1
 11  2
 22

Calculate relevant MS values.

SS RM
MS RM 
df RM
381.0556

2
 190.528

SSint er
MSint er 
dfint er
608.278

22
 27.649

Calculate F statistic.

MS RM
F
MSint er
190.528

27.649
 6.891

Calculate p-value.

p  value  0.0047  Since using Excel's formula   FDIST  6.89, 2, 22   

The RM ANOVA table is as follows:

Source SS df MS F p
Conditions 381.06 2 190.528 6.89 0.0047
Interaction 608.28 22 27.649

The level of significance is,   0.05

From the standard F table values, observe that the critical value of F for 5% level of
significance and (2, 22) degrees of freedom is, F  3.44

Yes.
The size of the audience has a significant effect on blood pressure at the 0.05 level of
significance, because the calculated F ratio is greater than the critical value.

b)

In this situation, observe that allowing time for blood pressure to return to baseline level
before presenting the next condition when minimizing the size of the socres.

c)

Calculate  RM from the F ratio.

2

df RM F
 RM
2

df RM F  df int
2  6.89 

2  6.89   22
13.782

35.782
 0.39

Yes.
This effect looks like very large.

If the researchers planning the future experiments, then the size will be misleads, when
the correlations among conditions are not as high.

d)

Calculate the Least Square Difference.

The degrees of freedom for interaction is, df int er  22
The level of significance is,   0.05

From the standard t table values, observe that the critical value of t for the two tail test at
5% level of significance and 22 degrees of freedom is, t / 2  2.074

Therefore,
  2 MSint er 
LSD  t / 2  
 r 
 2  27.649  
  2.074   
 12 
 
  2.074   2.147 
 4.452

Now,

Pair Difference Decision

x2  x1 117.92  116.50  1.42 1.42  4.45, Not significant
x3  x1 124.00  116.50  7.50 7.50  4.50, Significant
x3  x2 124.00  117.92  6.08 6.08  4.50, Significant

From the table, observe that the only pair such as one patient and 20 patients is not
significant.

15-4(SB)

From the information, observe that a statistics professor wants to know if it really matters
which textbook she uses to teach her course.

a)

Perform RM ANOVA.
Calculate the row means and column means.

Calculate the variance for raw scores.

1
 2  Scores    x  x
2
ij
NT


1
36

 17  12.0833  ....   13  12.0833
2 2

1
  24.17  ....  0.84 
36
716.75

36
 19.91

Calculate the variance for row means.

1
 2  Row means     xi  x 
2

r
1

  17.50  12.0833  ...   12.75  12.08330 
9
2 2

1
  29.341  ...  0.444
9
153.125

9
 17.014

Calculate the variance for column means.

1
 2  Column means     xj  x 
2

c
1

  11.67  12.0833  ..   11.78  12.0833 
4
2 2

1
  0.174  2.868  5.575  0.093
4
8.528

4
 2.132

Calculate the sum of squares for total.

SStot  NT  2  Row scores 

 36  19.91
 716.75

Calculate the sum of squares for Subjects.

SS Sub  NT  2  Row means 
 36   17.014 
 612.50

Calculate the sum of squares for RM.

SS RM  NT  2  Row means 
 36   2.132 
 76.75

Calculate the sum of squares for interaction.

SSint er  SStot  SS RM  SS sub

 716.75  76.75  612.50
 716.75  689.25
 27.50

Calculate the degrees of freedom for RM and interaction.

df RM  c  1
 4 1
3

dfint er   r  1  c  1
  9  1  4  1
 8 3
 24

Calculate relevant MS values.

SS RM
MS RM 
df RM
76.75

3
 25.583

SSint er
MSint er 
df int er
27.50

24
 1.15

Calculate F statistic.

MS RM
F
MSint er
25.583

1.15
 22.33

Calculate p-value.

p  value  0.0000  Since using Excel's formula   FDIST  22.35,3,24   

The RM ANOVA table is as follows:

Source SS df MS F p
Text book 76.75 3 25.58 22.35 0.0000
Interaction 27.50 24 1.15

Yes.
It makes a difference which textbook the professor uses.

b)

From the part (a) answer, observe that there is Type-I error exists, because their p-value
is larger than the assumed level of significance.

c)

From the ANOVA table, observe that the test statistic is, F  22.35
The level of significance is,   0.01

1
The lower bound Epsilon value is used when there is a total lack of sphericity is c  1
Because the ordinary degrees of freedom for an RM ANOVA are
 c  1 and
c 1
 c  1  r  1 , multiplying by this lower bound for  always yields c  1 and
c 1
 c  1  r  1 
, which yields 1 and r  1

Therefore, the numerator degree of freedom is 1.

The denominator degree of freedom is,
df D  r  1
 9 1
8

From the standard F table values, observe that the critical value of F for the 1% level of
significance and (1, 8) degrees of freedom is, F  11.26

Yes.
The F ratio is significant at 0.01 level of significance when assume that the maximum
violation of the sphericity, because the calculated F ratio is larger than the F critical
value.

d)

Calculate Tukey’s HSD value.

The level of significance is,   0.05
The number of treatments is, c  4
The degrees of freedom for interaction is, df Inter  24

From the studentized range values table, observe that the critical value of Q for 5% level
of significance and (4, 24) degrees of freedom is, q  4.166

Calculate Tukey’s HSD.

2 MS Inter
HSD  q
r
 2  1.5  
  4.166   
 9 
 
 4.166  0.5044 
 2.10

Now,

Pair Difference Decision

x3  x1 14.44  11.67  2.78 2.78  2.10, Significant
x3  x2 14.44  10.44  4.00 4.00  2.10, Significant
x3  x4 14.44  11.78  2.67 2.67  2.10, Significant
x1  x2 11.67  10.44  1.22 1.22  2.10, Not significant
x4  x1 11.78  11.67  0.11 0.11  2.10, Not significant
x4  x2 11.78  10.44  1.33 1.22  2.10, Not significant