PRINCIPLES AND

TECHNIQUES OF
COUNSELLING
 DEFINITIONS

• EFFECTIVE COUNSELLING IS DEFINED

AS “A DEFINITELY STRUCTURED
PERMISSIVE RELATIONSHIP WHICH
ALLOWS THE CLIENT TO GAIN AN
UNDERSTANDING OF HIMSELF TO A
DEGREE WHICH ENABLES HIM TO
TAKE NEW POSITIVE STEPS IN THE
LIGHT OF HIS NEW ORIENTATION’’
-ROGES
STUDENT COUNSELLING IS DEFINED AS”
AN INTERACTION PROCESS THAT
FACILITATES MEANINGFUL
UNDERSTANDING OF SELF AND
ENVIRONMENT AND RESULT IN THE
ESTABLISHMENT AND FOR
CLARIFICATION OF GOALS AND VALUES
FOR FUTURE BEHAVIOR”
-STONE AND SHERTZER
LEVELS OF COUNSELLING

1.INFORMAL COUNSELLING

2.NON-SPECIALIST COUNSELLING
BY A PROFESSIONALS

3.PROFESSIONAL COUNSELLING
CHARECTERISTICS OF COUNSELLING

1.COUNSELLING INVOLVES TWO INDIVIDUALS.

2.THERE SHOULD BE A RELATIONSHIP OF

MUTUAL RESPECT BETWEEN THE TWO
INDIVIDUALS.

3.COUNSELLING IS AIMED AT BRINGING ABOUT

DESIRED CHANGES IN THE INDIVIDUAL FOR SELF
REALIZATION AND PROVIDING ASSISTANCE TO
SOLVE PROBLEMS THROUGH AN INTIMATE
PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP.

4.THE COUNSELOR DISCOVERS THE PROBLEMS

OF THE COUNSELEE AND HELPS HIM TO SET UP
REALISTIC GOALS AND GUIDE HIM THROUGH
DIFFICULTIES AND PROBLEMS.
 Contd…..
5.IF THE COUNSELEE IS A STUDENT,COUNSELING
HELPS HIM TO TAKE A DECISION ,MAKE A CHOICE OR
FIND A DIRECTION IN MATTERS RELATED TO AN
EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMME OR CAREER.

6.IT HELPS THE COUNSELEE ACQUIRE INDEPENDENCE

AND DEVELOP A SENCE OF RESPONSIBILITY.IT ALSO
HELPS HIM EXPLORE AND FULLY UTILIZE HIS
POTENTIALS AND ACTUALIZE HIMSELF.

7.IT IS MORE THAN ADVICE GIVING.SOLUTION

EMERGES THROUGH THE THINKING THAT A PERSON
DOES FOR HIMSELF RATHER THAN THROUGH
SOLUTOINS SUGGESTED BY THE COUNSELOR.

8.COUNSELLING CONCEENS ITSELF WITH ATTITUDES AS

WELL AS ACTIONS.
 Contd….
9.IT INVOLVES SOMETHING MORE THAN OFFERING AN
ASSISTANCE TO FIND A SOLUTION TO AN IMMEDIATE
PROBLEM.

10.COUNSELLING IS DEMOCRATIC.

11.EMOTIONAL RATHER THAN PURELY INTELLECTUAL

ATTITUDES ARE THE RAW MATERIALS OF THE
COUNSELLING PROCESS.

12.IN THE EDUCATIONAL CONTEXT,COUNSELLING IS

CENTERED AROUND THE NEEDS AND ASPIRATIONS OF THE
STUDENTS.

13.COUNSELLING IS A BODY OF TECHNIQUES THAT HELPS

INDIVIDUALS TO GROW UP NORMALLY THROUGH GUIDED
LEARNING.
 FUNCTIONS

1.ADJUSTMENTAL

2.ORIENTATIONAL

3.DEVELOPMENTAL
 PHASES OF COUNSELLING

1.APPOINTMENT AND ESTABLISHING

RELATIONSHIP

2.ASSESSMENT

3.DIAGNOSIS

4.SETTING GOALS

5.INTERVENTION

6.TERMINATION AND FOLLOW UP

QUALITIES OF A GOOD COUNSELOR

> GOOD LISTENER

>NON JUDGMENTAL

>WARM

>APPROACHABLE,GENUINE,MATURE

>CONFIDENTIAL,OBJECTIVE,SENCE OF HUMOR

>COMMON SENCE,CREATIVE,IMAGINATIVE
CALM,EMPATHETIC,KNOWLEDGEABLE,SUPPORTIVE

>LONG EXPERIENCE AS A GOOD COUNSELOR

>CARES ABOUT CLIENT

 Contd…..

>LOOKS INTERESTED, ALIVE AND FRIENDLY

>STRONG MINDED ABLE TO SPEAK ABOUT UPSETTING

THINGS

>CAN RECOGNIZE AND DEAL WITH NEUROTIC AND

PSYCHOTIC BEHAVIOUR

>MAKES GOOD,PLEASING EYE CONTACT.

>NOTICES,NON VERBAL,NOT EASILY EMBRASSED,DOES NOT

ADVICE,CAN RECOGNIZE AND DEAL WITH NEUROTIC AND
PSYCHOTIC BEHAVIOUR
PRINCIPLES
a)It is strongly delicated to self direction and self
realization of the client or the student.

b)It emphasizes thinking with individual

c)It maintains relationship of trust and confidence with

client.

d)It is the development of the insights and

understandings of the relation of self and
environment.

e)It is a structured learning situation.There should be

a structured knowledge for the counsellor

f)A counsellor has to listen attentively, answer

questions objectively,reinforce important information.
 Contd….

g)Counselling methods vary with the needs of the

client.ie,the education setting,job setting etc.

h)It is primarily preventive and remedial process.

i)It is voluntary for the students.

J)Let the client make voluntary informed decision.

K)Maintain dignity of individual as individual is primary

concern in counselling.
 Other Principles
• Acceptance
• Respect for the individual
• Permissiveness
• Learning
• Thinking with the client
TECHNIQUES OF COUNSELLING
1.Establishing rapport
2.Cultivating self understanding
3.Advising and planning a programme of action
a)Direct advising
b)Persuasive method
4.Explanatory method.
5)Referral to other personnel workers
a)Silence
b)Acceptance
c)Clarification
d)Restatement
e)Approval
f)Asking questions
g)Humour
h)Summary classification
 Contd…

i)Analysis
j)Interpretations
k)Regression
l)Assurance
Principles to be followed in counselling
technique

A)ACCEPTANCE

B)RESTATEMENT

C)CLARIFICATION

D)REASSURANCE

E)INTERPRETATION

F)ADVICE

G)REJECTION

H)LEAD
DO’S AND DONT’S IN COUNSELLING

*Do have a caring attitude

*Do listen well

*Do remember each of the principles of counselling

*Do maintain a record

*Do work on assessment ,diagnosis and prognosis

*Do discuss with experienced professionals

*Do maintain confidentiality

*Do be punctual for appointments

*Do prepare in advance for the next appointment
 DO NOT

-Do not label the student

-Do not get too close to the student emotionally and

physically

-Do not share secrets with your student

-Do not manipulate the student

-Do not jump in to conclusions

-Do not accept gifts or favours

-Do not protect the student

NEED OF COUNSELLING IN NURSING EDUCATION
*To help them to develop a positive attitude towards
life
*To help students adjusting with the new environment
of the nursing institute
*To help in developing qualities required for a
successful nursing practice
*To help students in getting adjusted with the clinical
environment
*To help students in touch with the latest trends in
nursing
*To help students in developing positive learning
habits,especially in skill learning so that they can
retain and transfer the learned lessons in a better
way.
*To help in the development of appropriate coping
stratergies in order to deal with stress in a protective
manner.
 Contd…..

*To help nursing students in establishing proper

identity
*To help the students to overcome periods of
confusion
*To help the students in developing their leadership
qualities
*To motivate them for taking membership in
professional organizations after completing their
studies
*Help them to make advantages of technological
advancements in the patient care.