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Chapter 14 - Acids and Bases: Name: Clas S: Dat e
Chapter 14 - Acids and Bases: Name: Clas S: Dat e
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K=
b.
K=
c. K = [H+][NO2–]
d.
K=
e. none of these
ANSWER: a
d.
e. KwKa
ANSWER: c
4. What is the equilibrium constant for the following reaction? N3– + H3O+ HN3 + H2O
The Ka value for HN3 = 1.9 × 10–5.
a. 5.3 × 10–10
b. 1.9 × 10–9
c. 1.9 × 10–5
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5. The hydrogen sulfate or bisulfate ion HSO4– can act as either an acid or a base in water solution. In which of
the following equations does HSO4– act as an acid?
a. HSO4– + H2O → H2SO4 + OH–
b. HSO4– + H3O+ → SO3 + 2H2O
c. HSO4– + OH– → H2SO4 + O2–
d. HSO4– + H2O → SO42– + H3O+
e. none of these
ANSWER: d
6. Which of the following is the equilibrium constant expression for the dissociation of the weak acid HOCl?
a.
K=
b. K = [H+][OCl–]
c.
K=
d.
K=
e. none of these
ANSWER: a
7. Consider the reaction HNO2(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + NO2–(aq). Which species is a conjugate base?
a. HNO2(aq)
b. H2O(l)
c. H3O+(aq)
d. NO2–(aq)
e. two of these
ANSWER: e
8. In which of the following reactions does the H2PO4– ion act as an acid?
a. H3PO4 + H2O → H3O+ + H2PO4–
b. H2PO4– + H2O → H3O+ + HPO42–
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11. Using the following Ka values, indicate the correct order of base strength.
HNO2 Ka = 4.0 × 10–4
HF Ka = 7.2 × 10–4
HCN Ka = 6.2 × 10–10
a. CN– > NO2– > F– > H2O > Cl–
b. Cl– > H2O > F– > NO2– > CN–
c. CN– > F– > NO2– > Cl– > H2O
d. H2O > CN– > NO2– > F– > Cl–
e. none of these
ANSWER: a
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12. The equilibrium constants (Ka) for HCN and HF in H2O at 25°C are 6.2 × 10–10 and 7.2 × 10–4, respectively.
The relative order of base strengths is:
a. F– > H2O > CN–
b. H2O > F– > CN–
c. CN– > F– > H2O
d. F– > CN– > H2O
e. none of these
ANSWER: c
14. Which of the following is not true for a solution at 25°C that has a hydroxide concentration of 2.5 × 10–6 M?
a. Kw = 1 × 10–14
b. The solution is acidic.
c. The solution is basic.
d. The [H+] is 4.0 × 10–9 M.
e. The Kw is independent of what the solution contains.
ANSWER: b
15. Given that Ka for HOCl is 3.5 × 10–8 and the Ka for HF is 7.2 × 10–4 (both at 25°C), which of the following
is true concerning K for the above reaction at 25°C?
a. K is greater than 1.
b. K is less than 1.
c. K is equal to 1.
d. Cannot be determined with the above information.
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16. Assuming that the value for K in the above reaction is greater than 1, this means that HF is a stronger acid
than HOCl.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
17. HA and HB are both weak acids in water, and HA is a stronger acid than HB. Which of the following
statements is correct?
a. A– is a stronger base than B–, which is a stronger base than H2O, which is a
stronger base than Cl–.
b. B– is a stronger base than A–, which is a stronger base than H2O, which is a
stronger base than Cl–.
c. B– is a stronger base than A–, which is a stronger base than Cl–, which is a
stronger base than H2O.
d. Cl– is a stronger base than A–, which is a stronger base than B–, which is a
stronger base than H2O.
e. None of these (A-D) is correct.
ANSWER: b
18. True or false: The species Cl– is not a good base in aqueous solution.
a. True. This is because Cl– is the conjugate base of a weak acid.
b. False. The species Cl– is a good base in aqueous solution because it is the
conjugate base of a strong acid.
c. True. This is because Cl– is a good proton donor.
d. False. The species Cl– is a good base in aqueous solution because of its high
electronegativity.
e. True. This is because water has a stronger attraction for protons than does Cl–.
ANSWER: e
19. The autoionization of water, as represented by the below equation, is known to be endothermic. Which of
the following correctly states what occurs as the temperature of water is raised? H2O(l) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq)
+ OH–(aq)
a. The pH of the water does not change, and the water remains neutral.
b. The pH of the water decreases, and the water becomes more acidic.
c. The pH of the water decreases, and the water remains neutral.
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The following three equations represent equilibria that lie far to the right.
HNO3(aq) + CN–(aq) HCN(aq) + NO3–(aq)
HCN(aq) + OH–(aq) H2O(l) + CN–(aq)
H2O(l) + CH3O–(aq) CH3OH(aq) + OH–(aq)
20. Identify the strongest acid.
a. HCN
b. HNO3
c. H2O
d. OH–
e. CH3OH
ANSWER: b
27. In deciding which of two acids is the stronger, one must know:
a. the concentration of each acid solution
b. the pH of each acid solution
c. the equilibrium constant of each acid
d. all of the above
e. both A and C must be known
ANSWER: c
28. Solid calcium hydroxide is dissolved in water until the pH of the solution is 11.50. The hydroxide ion
concentration [OH–] of the solution is:
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31. At 60°C, the ion-product constant of water, Kw, is 9.25 × 10–14. The pH of pure water at 60°C is:
a. 7.000
b. 6.617
c. 5.937
d. 6.517
e. none of these
ANSWER: d
36. You have 100.0 mL of a solution of hydrochloric acid that has a pH of 3.00. You add 100.0 mL of water to
this solution. What is the resulting pH of the solution?
a. The pH = 5.00 (the average of 3.00 and 7.00).
b. The pH = 10.00 (3.00 + 7.00 = 10.00).
c. The pH = 3.00 (water is neutral and does not affect the pH).
d. None of the above is correct, but the pH must be greater than 3.00.
e. None of the above is correct, but the pH must be less than 3.00.
ANSWER: d
37. What volume of water must be added to 10.5 mL of a pH 2.0 solution of HNO3 in order to change the pH to
4.0?
a. 10.5 mL
b. 90 mL
39. For nitrous acid, HNO2, Ka = 4.0 × 10–4. Calculate the pH of 0.54 M HNO2.
a. 1.83
b. 0.27
c. 3.67
d. 12.17
e. none of these
ANSWER: a
41. For weak acid, HX, Ka = 5.1 × 10–6. Calculate the pH of a 0.17 M solution of HX.
a. 0.77
b. 3.03
c. 6.06
d. 10.97
e. none of these
ANSWER: b
44. Acetic acid, (HC2H3O2) is a weak acid (Ka = 1.8 × 10–5). Calculate the pH of a 12.1 M HC2H3O2 solution.
a. –1.08
b. 3.66
c. 1.83
d. 1.08
e. 12.17
ANSWER: c
46. Determine the concentration of a solution of the weak acid HClO2 (Ka = 1.10 × 10–2) if it has a pH of 1.074.
a. 0.647 M
b. 0.0843
M
c. 7.67 M
d. 12.9 M
e. 1.293 M
ANSWER: a
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47. How many moles of benzoic acid, a monoprotic acid with Ka = 6.4 × 10–5, must be dissolved in 250. mL of
H2O to produce a solution with pH = 2.17?
a. 0.71
b. 0.00169
c. 0.18
d. 26
e. none of these
ANSWER: c
48. What concentration of acetic acid (Ka = 1.80 × 10–5) has the same pH as that of 5.01 × 10–3 M HCl?
a. 16.7 M
b. 12.6 M
c. 1.39 M
d. 5.01 × 10–3 M
e. none of these
ANSWER: c
50. Hypobromous acid, HOBr, has an acid dissociation constant of 2.5 × 10–9 at 25°C. What is the pOH of a
0.015 M HOBr solution?
a. 2.00
b. 3.57
c. 5.21
d. 8.79
e. 12.00
ANSWER: d
51. In a solution prepared by dissolving 0.100 mole of propanoic acid in enough water to make 1.00 L of
solution, the pH is observed to be 2.924. The Ka for propanoic acid (HC3H5O2) is:
a. 1.19 × 10–3
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52. The pH of a 0.107 M solution of an aqueous weak acid (HA) is 3.20. The Ka for the weak acid is:
a. 5.9 × 10–3
b. 4.0 × 10–7
c. 3.7 × 10–6
d. 3.2
e. none of these
ANSWER: c
53. Saccharin is a monoprotic acid. If the pH of a 4.71 × 10–3 M solution of this acid is 2.53, what is the Ka of
saccharin?
a. 8.7 × 10–6
b. 1.8 × 10–3
c. 5.0 × 10–3
d. 2.9 × 10–3
e. none of these
ANSWER: c
54. When 2.4 × 10–2 mol of nicotinic acid (a monoprotic acid) is dissolved in 350 mL of water, the pH is 3.05.
Calculate the Ka of nicotinic acid.
a. 1.3 × 10–2
b. 1.2 × 10–5
c. 6.8 × 10–2
d. 3.4 × 10–5
e. none of these
ANSWER: b
55. Approximately how much water should be added to 10.0 mL of 11.2 M HCl so that it has the same pH as
0.90 M acetic acid (Ka = 1.8 × 10–5)?
a. 28 mL
b. 278 mL
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56. The pH of a 0.22 M solution of a weak monoprotic acid, HA, is 2.92. Calculate the Ka for this acid.
a. 0.22
b. 1.2 × 10–3
c. 5.5 × 10–3
d. 6.6 × 10–6
e. 4.4 × 10–11
ANSWER: d
57. A monoprotic weak acid when dissolved in water is 0.66% dissociated and produces a solution with a pH of
3.04. Calculate the Ka of the acid.
a. 6.6 × 10–3
b. 1.4 × 10–1
c. 6.1 × 10–6
d. Need to know the initial concentration of the acid.
e. None of these.
ANSWER: c
58. A 4.5 × 10–3 M solution of a weak acid is 6.3% dissociated at 25°C. In a 4.5 × 10–4 M solution, the
percentage of dissociation would be
a. the same
b. > 6.3%
c. < 6.3%
d. zero
e. need to know the Ka of the acid to answer this
ANSWER: b
59. A solution of 2.4 M weak acid is 0.52% ionized. What is the Ka value of this acid?
a. 6.5 × 10–5
b. 1.2
c. 1.2 × 10–2
d. 5.2 × 10–3
e. none of these
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60. A solution of 7.97 M formic acid (HCOOH) is 0.47% ionized. What is the Ka value of formic acid?
a. 3.7 × 10–2
b. 1.8 × 10–4
c. 4.7 × 10–3
d. 3.7
e. more data is needed
ANSWER: b
61. If an acid, HA, is 10.8% dissociated in a 1.0 M solution, what is the Ka for this acid?
a. 1.2 × 10–1
b. 1.3 × 10–2
c. 1.1 × 10–1
d. 7.6 × 101
e. none of these
ANSWER: b
62. Determine the percent dissociation of a 0.13 M solution of hypochlorous acid, HClO. The Ka for the acid is
3.5 × 10–8.
a. 3.5 × 10–6 %
b. 4.6 × 10–9 %
c. 6.7 × 10–3 %
d. 5.2 × 10–2 %
e. 1.3 × 10–2 %
ANSWER: d
63. The following question refers to a solution that contains 1.93 M hydrofluoric acid, HF
(Ka = 7.2 × 10–4), and 3.00 M hydroponic acid, HCN (Ka = 6.2 × 10–10).
What is the pH of this mixture of weak acids?
a. 1.43
b. 2.86
c. 4.46
d. 8.92
e. 12.57
ANSWER: a
65. Consider a 0.70 M solution of HOCl. If the molarity was decreased to 0.3 M, which of the following
statements would be true?
a. The percent dissociation would not change.
b. The percent dissociation would increase.
c. The percent dissociation would decrease.
d. The equilibrium constant would stay the same.
e. Two of these.
ANSWER: e
66. Consider a solution made by mixing HCN (Ka = 6.2 × 10–10) with HC2H3O2 (Ka = 1.8 × 10–5) in aqueous
solution. What are the major species in solution?
a. H+, CN–, H+, C2H3O2–, H2O
b. HCN, H+, C2H3O2–, H2O
c. H+, CN–, HC2H3O2, H2O
d. H+, CN–, H+, C2H3O2–, OH–, H2O
e. HCN, HC2H3O2, H2O
ANSWER: e
74. A 0.385-g sample of NaOH(s) is added to enough water to make 250.0 mL of solution. The pH of this
solution is:
a. 1.415
b. 0.415
c. 11.983
d. 12.585
e. none of these
ANSWER: d
77. The pain killer morphine is a weak base when added to water. The Kb is 1.6 × 10–6. What is the pH of a
3.97 × 10–3 M solution of morphine?
a. 4.10
b. 9.90
c. 5.80
81. Calculate the percentage of pyridine (C5H5N) that forms pyridinium ion, C5H6N+, in a 0.87 M aqueous
solution of pyridine (Kb = 1.7 × 10–9).
a. 1.7 × 10–7 %
b. 3.8 × 10–3 %
c. 2.0 × 10–7 %
d. 5.1 × 10–3 %
e. 4.4 × 10–3 %
ANSWER: e
84. The equilibrium constant for the reaction NH4+ + OH– NH3 + H2O is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ANSWER: a
85. The pH of a 0.150 M solution of a weak base is 10.98. Calculate the pH of a 0.0621 M solution of the base.
a. 3.21
b. 10.79
c. 7.58
d. 6.42
e. none of these
89. Calculate the pH of the following aqueous solution: 0.5 M H2CO3 (pKa1 = 6.37; pKa2 = 10.25). Choose your
answer from the following pH ranges:
a. pH 0.00–2.99
b. pH 3.00–5.99
c. pH 6.00–8.99
d. pH 9.00 –10.99
e. pH 11.00–14.00
ANSWER: b
90. A 0.21-mol sample of a diprotic acid, H2A, is dissolved in 250 mL of water. The Ka1 of this acid is 1.0 × 10–
91. For the stepwise dissociation of aqueous H3PO4, which of the following is not a conjugate acid–base pair?
a. HPO42– and PO43–
b. H3PO4 and H2PO4–
c. H2PO4– and HPO42–
d. H2PO4– and PO43–
e. H3O+ and H2O
ANSWER: d
94. The dihydrogenphosphate ion, H2PO4–, has both a conjugate acid and a conjugate base. These are,
respectively:
a. H3PO4, PO43–
b. H3PO4, HPO42–
95. For which of the following 0.10 M diprotic acids would the second dissociation affect the pH significantly?
a. H2A; Ka1 = 4.2 × 10–2, Ka2 = 1.8 × 10–7
b. H2B; Ka1 = 2.4 × 10–4, Ka2 = 6.1 × 10–8
c. H2C; Ka1 = 1.3 × 10–4, Ka2 = 5.2 × 10–9
d. H2D; Ka1 = 1.8 × 10–3, Ka2 = 9.3 × 10–4
e. The second dissociation never affects the pH significantly.
ANSWER: d
96. The conjugate acid and conjugate base of bicarbonate ion, HCO3–, are, respectively:
a. H3O+ and OH–
b. H3O+ and CO32–
c. H2CO3 and OH–
d. H2CO3 and CO32–
e. CO32– and OH–
ANSWER: d
97. Which of the following species is present in the greatest concentration in a 0.100 M H2SO4 solution in H2O?
a. H3O+
b. HSO4–
c. H2SO4
d. All species are in equilibrium and therefore have the same concentration.
e. SO42–
ANSWER: a
103. Carbonic acid is a diprotic acid, H2CO3, with Ka1 = 4.2 × 10–7 and Ka2 = 4.8 × 10–11 at 25°C. The ion
product for water is Kw = 1.0 × 10–14 at 25°C. What is the OH– concentration of a solution that is 0.37 M in
Na2CO3?
a. 8.8 × 10–3 M
b. 2.1 × 10–4 M
c. 9.4 × 10–5 M
d. 4.2 × 10–6 M
e. 3.9 × 10–4 M
ANSWER: a
104. The two acid dissociation constants for carbonic acid, H2CO3, are 4.3 × 10–7 and 4.8 × 10–11 at 25°C. The
base constant, Kb, or hydrolysis constant for HCO3– is:
a. 4.3 × 10–7
b. 4.8 × 10–11
c. 2.1 × 10–17
d. 2.3 × 10–8
e. 6.2 × 10–22
ANSWER: d
105.
HOAc Ka = 1.8 × 10–5
H2CO3 Ka1 = 4.3 × 10–7
Ka2 = 5.6 × 10–11
Which of the following 0.01 M solutions has the highest pH?
a. HOAc
b. NaOAc
c. Na2CO3
d. H2CO3
e. NaHCO3
ANSWER: c
107. Which of the following would give the highest pH when dissolved in water to form a 0.10 M solution?
a. a strong acid
b. a weak acid
c. the potassium salt of a weak acid
d. the potassium salt of a strong acid
e. the ammonium salt of a strong acid
ANSWER: c
Select the answer that best describes an aqueous solution made from each of the following substances:
111. solid ammonium acetate (NH4C2H3O2). For NH4+, Ka = 5.6 × 10–10; for C2H3O2–, Kb = 5.6 × 10–10.
a. acidic
b. basic
c. neutral
d. cannot tell
e. none of these (A-D)
ANSWER: c
112. solid ammonium perchlorate (NH4ClO4) For NH4+, Ka = 5.6 × 10–10; for ClO4–, Kb ≈ 10–21.
a. acidic
b. basic
c. neutral
d. cannot tell
e. none of these (A-D)
ANSWER: a
118. Calculate the [H+] in 1.0 M solution of Na2CO3 (for H2CO3, Ka1 = 4.3 × 10–7; Ka2 = 5.6 × 10–11).
a. 7.5 × 10–6 M
b. 6.6 × 10–4 M
c. 1.3 × 10–2 M
d. 7.5 × 10–13 M
e. none of these
ANSWER: d
119. The [H3O+] of a 0.52 M solution of NH4Cl in H2O at 25°C is (Kb for NH3 = 1.8 × 10–5):
a. 2.9 × 10–10 M
b. 3.1 × 10–3 M
c. 1.7 × 10–5 M
d. 0.52 M
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123. Given that the Ka for HOCl is 3.51 × 10–8, calculate the K value for the reaction of HOCl with OH–.
a. 3.51 × 106
b. 3.51
c. 3.51 × 10–22
d. 2.85 × 10–7
e. 2.85 × 1021
ANSWER: a
124. Which of the following is the correct order for increasing pHs for equimolar solutions of HNO3, KCl,
NH4Cl, KOH, and NaC2H3O2? (Ka for HC2H3O2 is 1.80 × 10–5, Ka for NH4+ is 5.56 × 10–10).
a. KCl, NH4Cl, HNO3, KOH, NaC2H3O2
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125. Which of the following is the strongest base? (Kb for NH3 is 1.8 × 10–5, Ka2 for H2SO4 is 1.2 × 10–2, Ka3
for H3PO4 is 4.8 × 10–13)
NH3, HSO4–, PO43–, or NO3–
a. NH3
b. HSO4–
c. NO3–
d. PO43–
e. Two of these are equally strong.
ANSWER: d
126. The salt BX, when dissolved in water, produces an acidic solution. Which of the following could be true?
a. HX is a weak acid.
b. HX is a strong acid.
c. The cation B+ is a weak acid.
d. All of the above could be true.
e. Only A and C could be true.
ANSWER: d
127. Calculate the Ka for an unknown monoprotic acid HX, given that a solution of 0.48 M LiX has a pH of
8.90.
a. 1.3 × 10–10
b. 6.0 × 10–10
c. 3.0 × 103
d. 1.5 × 10–4
e. 7.6 × 10–5
ANSWER: e
129. A 0.340 M solution of the salt NaA has a pH of 8.40. Calculate the Ka value of the acid HA.
a. 1.9 × 10–11
b. 1.4 × 10–9
c. 5.4 × 10–4
d. 2.1 × 102
e. none of these
ANSWER: c
130. If you know Kb for ammonia, NH3, you can calculate the equilibrium constant, Ka, for the following
reaction: NH4+ NH3 + H+ by the equation:
a. Ka = Kw × Kb
b. Ka = Kw / Kb
c. Ka = 1 / Kb
d. Ka = Kb / Kw
e. none of these
ANSWER: b
131. The hydrogen halides (HF, HCl, HBr, and HI) are all polar molecules. The strength of the acid each forms
in water is based on which of the following?
a. the polarity of the molecule
b. the size of the molecule
c. the strength of the bond
d. two of these
e. none of these
ANSWER: d
132. Which factor listed below is most important in determining the strength of an oxyacid?
a. the size of the molecule
b. the ability of the molecule to change atomic orientation
c. the identity of the central atom in the molecule
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136. Which of the species below, when dissolved in H2O, will not produce a basic solution?
a. SO2
b. NH3
c. BaO
d. Ba(OH)2
e. none of these
ANSWER: a
Determine whether the following oxides produce an acidic, basic, or neutral solution when dissolved in water:
147. K2O
ANSWER: basic
148. NO2
ANSWER acidic
:
2NO2(g) + H2O(l) → HNO3(aq) + HNO2(aq); see Sec 14.10, Zumdahl
Chemistry.
149. Cl2O
ANSWER: acidic
150. CaO
ANSWER: basic
151. SO2
ANSWER: acidic
152. Given the following values of pKa, determine which is the weakest base of the answers listed.
Acid pKa
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I. HBr, HI
II HClO2, HClO3
III H2SO3, HClO3
a. HI HClO2 HClO3
b. HBr HClO3 H2SO3
c. HI HClO3 H2SO3
d. HBr HClO2 HClO3
e. HI HClO3 HClO3
ANSWER: e
I. HClO2 or HClO3
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