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Critique Paper
ACYAVA1 - K31 June 26, 2020
I. Introduction
Advanced Financial Accounting and Reporting deals with accounting
procedures done within partnerships and publicly-listed companies regarding
intercompany and third party transactions. The topics covered by the course
are based on Accounting Standards (IFRS, IAS, IFRIC) in order for accountants
and businesses to operate in accordance with global standards. It discusses
various accounting theories, applications, and techniques which accountants
can use to manage daily operations and handle business complications in the
industry. Although Advanced Accounting tackles several concepts, one major
topic includes Consignment Sales. This paper will discuss accounting principles
and processes in order to understand its basic concepts, and to know how such
agreements operate and how to deal with transactions in the work
environment. It will also provide research journals, synthesis and conclusion of
the topic to further become aware of its relevance and implications to both
parties.
II. Synthesis
Consignment Sales refers to an agreement between two parties, wherein
one (consignor) provides goods to the other (consignee) in order for the
consignee to act as the seller of the products on behalf of the consignor (Bragg,
2019). Under this agreement, both parties have rights such as the consignor
receiving remittances after sale and the consignee receiving commission from
sales and returning unsold goods to the consignor (Corporate Finance Institute,
n.d.). When consignment begins between parties, maintenance work is to be
done by both the consignor and consignee, such as statement of inventory from
the consignor, and report of consignment sales and audit report of inventory at
the end of the period from the consignee. It is recommended that the
consignee should have separate records of the consigned inventory and its own
inventory to keep track of its respective sales and costs, and for reconciliation
purposes (Bragg, 2019).
Consignment Sales also have advantages and disadvantages to various
parties in the business setting. Some of the benefits include reduced substantial
costs and brand awareness for the consignor. Expenses such as rent and salaries
will not be incurred as much while still being able to create brand awareness
with the display of the products at a storefront through the consignee
(Pickard-Whitehead, 2020). The drawbacks include reduced profit and risks of
unsold inventory. The net income from the consigned sales considers many
deductions such as freight, sales commission, advertising, and other costs
incurred. Unsold inventory also possesses the risk of being stolen in physical stores
(Pickard-Whitehead, 2020). On the other hand, the benefits for the consignee
include sales commission without incurring costs and remittance only if goods
are sold. The consignee will not incur the actual costs since these can be
considered as reimbursable expenses. The drawbacks include increased costs
and difficulty of inventory management. The consignee would also need to
separate its own inventories from the consigned items, and provide reports to
the consignor (Corporate Finance Institute, n.d.).
Research journals are also garnered to further discuss the implications of
consignment sales to the consignor, consignee and buyers. Lakra and Bedi
(2019) discusses the consignment can work for both customer and supplier
through thorough consideration of time, costs and responsibility. The consignor
should provide only an enough amount of inventory, create consistent transfer
of inventory, and address the accountability of damaged or stolen inventory
during trade agreements to make sales consignment successful. Consignment
Sales can also be executed through online selling, such as the works of the
E-commerce company, eBay. Moreover, Malhotra, Mackelprang, and Jayaram
(2017) supports conceptual benefits of consignment sales discussed previously
for both consignor and consignee. The advantages for the consignor include
reduced inventory management costs and product demand while a
disadvantage includes reduced profit. On the other hand, the advantages for
the consignee include greater variety of inventory and increased inventory turns
while disadvantages include accounting and inventory management costs.
Another research article regarding the impact of consignment sales to the
financial performance and financial position of the business. Manda and
Nurdiansyah (2014) explains that the earning potential of the business through
consignment sales is good based on the amount of revenue, profit and
commission. The business also separately records its own inventory from the
consigned inventory to keep track and audit at the end of the period.
Through the review of the research articles, it can be observed how the
concepts of consignment sales are applied in the industry and how its
application affects the financial stability of businesses.
III. Conclusion
Through the various articles and journals regarding Consignment Sales, it
can be concluded how relevant consignment sales is to both the consignor and
consignee based on the concepts applied by the business enterprises, its effects
on their overall profits, and its effects on their business operations. Although it has
disadvantages, positive results can still be attained through the appropriate
strategies and techniques in managing consigned inventory. In order to develop
good strategies, one must be able to know and understand the theories behind
consignment sales so that one can experiment in business if certain strategies
would work or not on certain cases and situations. It can also be concluded
how consignment sales can be efficiently applied during this time since it works
well in cyberspace. Due to the pandemic and quarantine, people rely on online
selling of goods to provide income for themselves or their families. Through
consignment, more people will be able to earn income and be able to sustain
themselves amidst the pandemic. Suppliers can act as consignors and would
provide the consigned inventories to parties who have good online platforms to
be able to sell well to potential customers.
IV. Reflection
Lectures during face-to-face classes are clearly better compared to
online classes due to the ambiance of classrooms, continuous discussion of
lessons, better teaching skills of instructors, and efficient use of time. It is quite
difficult to listen during online lectures due to the environment at home and
internet connectivity. I also expected that I would not learn much due to my
previous experiences of online class however, I was wrong. From the first week of
ACYAVA1, I knew that you would be able to teach us well based on your
lectures and teaching techniques in class. During online classes, I was still able to
learn the topics despite the situation because you were able to deliver detailed
explanations and concepts behind the formulas and computations, and also
because of the recorded video of the lectures. I liked how you handled the
online classes well such as being lenient amid the situation, having fun at times
through Kahoot and other activities, continuous discussion through talking to
students, and trying to learn your students’ names. I admit that I was not able to
recite enough since I was not confident to do so, however, I learned that if I do
so, it would help me understand the lesson more since I am able to explain it
during discussions. I also appreciate the considerations you have given to us in
order for us to pass and to learn as well such as more time for quizzes or moving
back the exam date. I once experienced a power outage during a quiz for 2
hours however, I was still able to do well somehow due to the extra time
provided.
As for suggestions, I do not have much for face-to-face classes since we
were only able to experience one week of your teaching in-person. I noticed
that your teaching style focuses on giving students various techniques in
problem solving, which is really effective. As for online classes, I suggest that you
continue to do recitations, call some students to speak to so that discussion
would be continuous and effective, as it was in our class, and let students
volunteer in discussions. I also think that the Kahoot or other activities are
effective because it forces students in a good way to think critically and analyze
fast when it comes to theory and problem solving questions. I also suggest that
more classroom exercises would be provided so that there are various cases
regarding a topic, wherein students would know how to answer a certain
problem which has different elements from a normal problem solving question.
V. References
Bragg, S. (2019, August 13). Consignment accounting. R etrieved from
https://www.accountingtools.com/articles/2017/5/13/consignment
-accounting
Corporate Finance Institute. (n.d.). What are consignment sales? Retrieved from
https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/other/
consignment-sales/
Lakra, P. & Bedi, P. (2014 March). The comparative study of consignment and
vendor managed inventory with special reference of cost structure.
International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, 3(3).
Retrieved from http://www.ijoart.org/docs/The-comparative-study-of-
Consignment-and-vendor.pdf
Malhotra, M. K., Mackelprang, A. W., & Jayaram, J. (2017). How inventory
consignment programs can improve supply chain performance: a
process oriented perspective. Production, 27, e20170064.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6513.006417
Manda, Gusganda & Nurdiansyah, Dian. (2017). Analysis of consignment sales
rating to 2014 profit In CV. Lam alif Purwakarta. Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.36805/bi.v1i2.135
Pickard-Whitehead, G. (2020, February 20). How does consignment work and is it
an option for your small business? Retrieved from
https://smallbiztrends.com/2018/05/how-does-consignment-work.html