Name : Chrismonika Intan Permatasari

NIM : 201601310175

LITERATURE REVIEW PARAPHRASE

ORIGINAL
Blum theory (1947) states the health of a person or society is influenced by 4 main factors,
namely environmental factors, behavior, heredity, and medical care respectively. Of these factors,
behavioral factors are difficult factors to change because behavior is a complex factor and has a
wide range that can affect individuals, groups, and communities.
In the conceptual theory of behavior, knowledge will turn into attitudes and attitudes into
action (Notoatmodjo: 2003). Factors which affecting knowledge according to Suliha (2002) are
Level of Education, Information, Culture, Experience, Social Economics, Employment, Age.
Prospective paramedics who are still studying in medical institutions are expected to have a
positive attitude to Clean and Healthy Behavior (PHBS), so they can implement it in daily life and
promote it to the community. (Notoatmodjo: 2007)

PARAPHRASE
Based on Blum theory in 1947, enviroment, behavior, genetic, and medical care services are 4
main factors which affecting public health. But the hardest factor to intervene from all the factors
is behavior. It is because of the complexity and wide area to work on individuals, groups, and
society.
Notoatmodjo (2003) states that action and attitude begin from knowledge. It is according to
theory of behavior conceptual. The level of knowledge influenced by Education Level, Information,
Culture, Experience, Social Economics, Work, and Age as Suliha stated in 2002. So on 2007,
Notoatmodjo recognize medical students who will be paramedics soon should have good attitude
to do to Clean and Healthy Behavior (PHBS) in daily life and persuade people to do it too.