Physics laboratory 2 (10221313)

Report of Dual nature of the electron and calculating the

diameter of RBC

Student name: ‫أحمد غزالة‬

Instructor: D. Hadil Abualrob

Handling date: 15/10/2019

Grade:…………………………………………………….
Objectives:

1- Proving the wave nature of particles.

2- Calculating De Broglie wavelength of the accelerating
electrons ejected at different anode voltages.
3- Determining the inner planer spacing between the planes of
carbon atoms in graphite.
4- Verifying that the used crystal has a hexagonal structure.

Apparatus:

1- Spherical electron diffraction tube of radius R = 6.5cm with

graphite thin film target.
2- Power supply.
3- High voltage power supply.
4- Digital Vernier caliper.
Data analysis:

In first part, we want to prove that the electrons have a wave

nature. All we do is to make the electrons collide with the
graphite crystal and see the diffraction pattern on the other side.

First, we have to find De Broglie’s wavelength for electrons from

the relation: h/sqrt(2meUA), then we measure the radius of
fringes of the first order of diffraction by caliper.

Then, we can find the inner planner spacing from the relation:

r = 2Rn λ/d

where: r = radius of fringes.

R = radius of the spherical tube.

n = order of diffraction.
The relation is as shown:

λ vs U^-0.5
3.00E-02
2.50E-02
f(x) = − 0 x + 0.03
2.00E-02 D1
1.50E-02 Linear (D1)
f(x) = − 0 x + 0.01 Linear (D1)
1.00E-02
λ D2
5.00E-03 Linear (D2)
0.00E+00 Linear (D2)
1 1 1 1 11 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 11
0 E- 0E- 0E- 6E- 9E- 2E- 7E- 1E- 7E- 2E- 8E-
2 1 0 9 8 8 7 7 6 6 5
2 . 2 . 2. 1 . 1. 1 . 1 . 1. 1 . 1 . 1.

U^-0.5

r = 2Rnλ/d

slope = 2Rn/d

for r1, d = 216pm

for r2, d = 185pm

In the second part, we want to calculate the diameter of red
blood cell.

We will find the diameter of the first and second and third orders
of diffraction at different distances between the RBC’s and the
screen.

The wavelength used for light is 632.8 nm

The relation was as shown:

90

80
Diameter of RBC
70 f(x) = 6.79 x + 27.51

60 R3
Linear (R3)
50 R2
radius
40 Linear (R2)
f(x) = 2.95 x + 21.34
R1
30 Linear (R1)
Linear (R1)
20
f(x) = 1.64 x + 8.39
10

0
10 12 14 16 18 20 22
L (cm)

r = nλL/d

slope = nλ/d, d = radius, n = order of diffraction

for 1st order, d = 385.477 nm >> diameter = 770.957 nm

for 2nd order, d = 426.075 nm >> diameter = 852.15 nm

for 3rd order, d = 279.777 nm >> diameter = 559.554 nm

Conclusion:

We found inner planner spacing in graphite and the diameter of

the Red blood cells.