AN ASSESSMENT OF WHITE SAND BEACH OF LUKBONG GAMAY

IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF TUBAY

AGUSAN DEL NORTE AS A POTENTIAL IN ECO-TOURISM:

BASIS FOR DEVELOPMENT

A THESIS FINAL PROPOSAL PRESENTED TO

THE FACULTY OF THE COLLEGE OF TOURISM HOSPITALITY

MANAGEMENT

(CTHM)

CARAGA STATE UNIVERSITY, CABADBARAN CAMPUS

CABADBARAN CITY

IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE

BACHELOR SCIENCE IN TOURISM MANAGEMENT

MARIA CRISTINA CORVERA

VANESSA PEDRITA

MAELA POLLEN E. YEMA

December 2018
 DECEMBER 2018

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and Foremost, the researchers are greateful to the Almighty GOD for the
challenges in life without him all the things would not have been possible.
This paper will not be complete without this following people:
The researchers beloved parents, who have wholeheartedly support the financial
needs while doing this study.
The adviser Mr. Alvin L. Orcullo M.M, who shared his time and effort in order to
finish and made this study successful.
Research instructor Mr. Walter Juera who molded them to be capable and
matter in doing this study successful.
The respondents, who also shared time to answer the questionnaire accordingly.
All of those who contribute some of the resources to make this study possible.
Thank you and God bless us all.
 DEDICATION

Every challenging work, needs self efforts as well as guidance of

elders
especially those who were very close to our hearts.
This book is faithfully dedicated to our loving parents, brothers,
sisters,
and friends for the motivation, care, support and encouragement
which gave us
more inspiration in making this study.
Above all, to the Almighty God for guiding, enlighten and helping
the researchers in making this study.

MARIA CRISTINA
VANESSA
MAELA POLLEN

CHAPTER 3
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
This chapter presents the result of the analysis and interpretation of data gathered in the survey
in the form of graphs and tablets about the assessment of Lukbong Gamay.

Profile of the Respondents

This section presents the profile of the respondents in terms of age, sex, occupation,
educational attainment, and civil status. Data are shown in their percentage from using the
appropriate graph.

1.50%
0.50%
5.00%
0 - 14 years (Children)
40.50% 15 - 24 years (Early Working
Age)
25 - 54 (Prime Working Age)
52.50%
55 - 64 years (Mature
Working Age)
65 and above (Elderly)

Figure 1. Respondents’ Distribution when Grouped According to their Age

As shown in Figure 1, the gray scale that is 52.50% of the respondents belongs to the 24–54

years old age group ranking (1ST), the orange scale that is 40.50% of the respondents belongs to

the 15–24 years old age group ranking (2 nd), while the yellow scale that is 5% of the respondents

belongs to the 55–64 years old age group ranking (3 rd), and the dark blue scale that is 1.50% of

the respondents belongs to the 65 years and above ranking (4 th) and lastly the sky blue scale

that is 0.5% of the respondents belongs to the 14 years old and below ranking (5 th). This means

that most of the respondents are in the prime working age or in the early working age.
 Williams & Soutar (2009:415) conducted a marketing approach to adventure tourism,

and concluded that adventure tourists are young, wealthy, and in search of thrilling

experiences. They travel to remote areas to fulfil their need for risk, challenge and

excitement.

 Adventure tourists are often young, educated, affluent, active, thrill seekers who spend

significant amounts of money in the pursuit of adventure (Williams & Soutar, 2009:415).

 The participants are young, educated, affluent, active thrill seekers who spend

significant amounts of money in the pursuit of adventure (Fluker & Turner, 2000:387;

Zaltzman, 2010:1)

 Young consumers feel more presurised by emotional and social aspects when making

decisions, whereas adults and retired persons feel pressure to a lesser extent (Sanz de

Acedo Lizarraga, Sanz de Acedo Baquedano and Cardelle-Elwadar 2007:388). The reason

why young people may be more affected in this manner is that they lack knowledge and

experience in certain areas, they may place little value on the factors that affect the

decision, and sometimes they are not aware of the complexity of the decision. Adults

and retired people, on the other hand, pay closer 52 attention to these factors and, only

after choosing the appropriate strategies, do they make their decision (Sanz de Acedo

Lizarragaet al., 2007:388).

 With decreasing participation among older visitors, there is a need to develop

specialised, ‘soft’ adventure packages for those aged 40 and above. Specialized

programmes will encourage the elderly to participate as these programs are less

vigorous and have low physical impact, thus reducing the risk of injuries (Boyles, 2009)
 Female
Male 44%
Female
56% Male

Figure 2. Respondents’ Distribution when Grouped According to their Sex

As shown in Figure 2, the orange portion is 56% of respondents that are Males, and the 44% are

Females. This reveals that the distribution of the respondents in term of sex/gender is clearly

shown that there are more males than females, since there were more male respondents that

were nearby during the time of research and they were more interested to visit and experience

Lukbong Gamay..

 Men tended to travel more often for business and work- related travel, while
women travelled more often for leisure purposes (Collins & Tisdell, 2002).

 448
 Journal of Sustainable Tourism
 Women were more likely to be motivated by culture, opportunities for family
bonding and prestige, while men placed more importance on sports and
adventure when engaging in the pleasure travel experience (Taylor & Franci
2008)
 Women were likely to feel more hindered by factors such as family, social and
physical constraints, which led to more limitations for women than men in the use
of their leisure time (Jackson & Henderson, 2000).

Gendered Perspective on Nature
Tourism Destination
 Carr (2001) also found a number of gendered similarities and differences with
regard to young tourists’ perceived danger and its influence on the use of leisure
spaces and times. It was observed that men were more likely than the women to
perceive virtually no danger or a low level of danger in public spaces.

 449
 Jang et al. (2000) suggesting that male participants tended to view gambling as a
form of self-enhancement or self-expression more strongly than did females
 Prof. Sue Geldenhuys and Dr. Marius Potgieter (TUT) (2014) Male respondents prefer
hard/high-risk adventure activities when they are without their families. This result
could be an indication that most females always prefer soft/low-risk adventure
activities.

 Gender According to Sanz de Acedo Lizarraga et al., 2007:387), when it comes to a

decision, women are more concerned with the uncertainty, doubts and the quality of
being dynamic and positive. Women give more value to time and money, and are more
concerned about the consequences of their decisions. Women find their emotions to be
more important to them and pay attention to the limitations that the surroundings or a
close person put on them. Men, on the other hand, spend more time analysing the
information needed to make the decision, and also focus on the goals and the reason
for the decision.
Men tend to feel more pressure from the work-related aspects of the decision, but
during the Marketing Destination Image Role of Marketing Activities of Marketing
Market Segmentation Image Building Internal / Psychological Factors Motivation
Perception Learning Personality Attitudes External / Social Factors Culture Social Class
Groups Demographic Factors: Age Gender Education Income Race Marital Status
Household size Situational Factors Physical surroundings Social Surroundings Temporal
Perspective Task Definition Purchase Antecedent states Decision Making Process 53
process, men are more motivated (Sanz de Acedo Lizarraga et al., 2007:387). Men and
women both follow the same procedure when making a decision. Both genders process
the information carefully, retrieve the relevant decision-related data from their
memories, think about alternatives, predict results, measure the consequences, solve
the problem and monitor the decision stages. The difference between genders lies
closer to the behavioral styles or the social roles of men and women (Sanz de Acedo
Lizarraga et al., 2007:387).
 This result was supported by the finding of the Adventure Tourism Market Report,
(2010), which stated that the average age of the adventure tourist is 35 years. Currently,
the activities offered by tour operators in Kampar, Perak are suitable for most age
groups. Nevertheless, for the development of future packages, this information is useful
 for industry players in designing or improving any adventure package, especially for
younger adults.
 A study by Mckay (2014) also found that adult women are less experienced and skilled
than men in adventure activities. Also, women seem to face high-risk obstacles and
expect failure more often than men. Therefore, adventure tour operators need to pay
more attention to women participants, especially in activities that involve risk and safety

50% 50%
Employed
Unemployed

Figure 3. Respondents Distribution when grouped According to Employment

As shown in Figure 3, the orange portion that is 50% of the respondents are employed, and the

other 50% are unemployed. This means that out of 100%, both halves of the respondents are

employed and unemployed.

 Patel (2012 ), A majority of managers belong to ‘good managers’ category and a

majority of employees belong to ‘average’ category of em ployees. It was suggested that

both the government and private entrepreneurs should come forward with effective

HRD policies and proposals.

 5% 7%
17% 5% Elementary Level
Elementary Graduate
26% High School Level
High School Graduate
24%
College Level
19% College Graduate
Master's Degere

Figure 4. Respondents’ Distribution when Grouped According to their Educational Attainment

As shown in Figure 4, the gray portion that is 25% of the respondents are in High School Level

group, the indigo portion that is 24% are in College Level, the yellow portion that is 18% are in

High School Graduate, the green portion that is 17% are in College Graduate, while the sky blue

portion that is 7% are in the Elementary Level, and the dark blue portion that is 5% are in

Master’s Degree, and lastly the orange portion that is 4% are in the Elementary Graduate group.

This means that most of the respondents are in High School Level or in College Level.

 Education - Consumers with a more formal level of education are more likely to do a

thourough search for information before making a purchase decision. Individuals with a

lower education level may rate consumer publications and direct mail as important

sources of information. As the level of education increases, the tendency to travel

increases and with a higher level of education, of income and of life satisfaction, a

tendancy to choose more distant destinations arises. Parents with a high level of

education, have a lower level of influence by their children (Wang, Chen & Chou,

2007:145).

 The majority of the respondents (60.8%) were educated up to tertiary education level

(diploma or first degree). The positive correlation between recreational activities and
 education level has been observed in many studies (Herman, Nur A’in, Ahmad and

Ramachandran, 2014; Nurul Hikmah et al., 2013; Nur Syuhada et al., 2013; Zaiton,

Syamsul Herman, Alias and Rusli, 2012). The result was also supported by the fact that

almost half of the respondents were in the middle-income group. The Adventure

Tourism Market Study (2013) also found that 37% of adventure tourists are first degree

graduates, while 11% are holders of professional degrees.

3%4%

Single
38% Married
56%
Separated
Widowed

Figure 5. Respondents' Distribution when Grouped Accoring to their Civil Status

As shown in Figure 5, the sky blue portion that is 55% of respondents are single, the orange
portion that is 38% are married, the yellow portion that is 4% are widowed and the gray portion
that is 3% are separated. This means that most of the respondents are single.

 Stage 1: Bachelor stage – Young, single, adult living at home Single working men/women
with few financial commitments. The focus is on fashion clothes and accessories, sport
and leisure products, cars, music. If living independently, the focus is on rent and
household furnishings also (Slabbert, 2006:94; Kumar, 2011:1).
 Stage 2: Honeymooners – Newly married or coupled without children They are better off
financially than they are likely to be in the near future with their joined incomes. They
have shared roles in decision making and focus on savings, household furnishings, cars,
holidays and outings (Slabbert, 2006:94; Kumar
  The marital status of the visitors indicated that the majority of them were single
(56.9%), followed by married (42.2%) and divorced (1.0). The singles participated more
in outdoor activities compared to the married participants because they had more
leisure time, and thus, they could have longer stays (Syamsul Herman, Ahmad,
Ramachandran and Rusli, 2012).

Table 1. Respondents’ Assessment on the Attractiveness of White Sand Beach of Lukbon Gamay

DESCRIPTO
ATTRACTION MEAN R RANK
The beauty of the beach is attractive. 4.05 Agree 1
The quality of the sand is fine and white. 3.63 Agree 3
The uniqueness of the site is nice. 3.95 Agree 2
The beach's water is crystal clear. 3.58 Agree 4
Legend: Strongly Agree = 4.50 – 5.00, Agree = 3.50 – 4.49, Neutral = 2.50 - 3.49, Disagree = 1.50 – 2.49, Strongly Disagree = 1.00 –
1.49

It can be seen in Table 1, the respondents’ assessment of the attractiveness of Lukbong

Gamay Beach. Based on the respondents’ mean rating, they agreed that the beach is attractive
(M=4.05), unique (M=3.95), white and fine quality of sand (M=3.63), and crystal-clear beach
water (M=3.58).

- The subject on adventure tourism will be looked at, as the small islands placed in the

North Atlantic Ocean according Visit Faroe Islands (2017) are placed in beautiful settings

8 with real nature (Sansir, 2016), packed with unique and authentic adventures (VFI -

Stay, 2017) that can be explored by sea or land (Sansir, 2016).

- The topic is relevant now as the Faroe Islands are in a developing process, wanting to

attract new tourist segments and expand the tourism season that today operates

between May and September (Europe Travel, 2017)

- frequency of visits to Kampar showed that those respondents who were there for the

second time were the highest (47.1%), while 29% were first-timers, and 10.8% were
 visiting for the third time in a year. Usually, in general, visitors only visit any destination

only once in their lifetime unless there are memories that can make them repeat the

visit (Sapari, Ahmad, Ramachandran, Syamsul Herman, 2013). The repeated visits to

Kampar suggest that adventure tourism in Kampar provides enjoyable adventure

experiences. Although this study did not include the perceptions of the tourists, it is

suggested that a study on tourist satisfaction should be carried out to understand the

quality of the adventure tourism experience of each attraction. Another factor is that

Kampar is centrally located between Kuala Lumpur and Penang, making it much easier

to access the sites.

- Chaudhary and Aggarwal (2012 ) , evaluated the satisfaction of the tourists with the
existing attractions and assessed the impact of clustering of attractions on the stay of
the tourists in Amritsar. A sample size of 100 tourists was taken to determine the overall
satisfaction of tourists with the existing attractions and attitude towards clustering of
attractions in Amritsar. The research methodology adopted included factor analysis,
Pearson's correlation and simple descriptive statistics. The results indicated that current
tourists are satisfied with the existing main attractions but they don't know much about
potential 74 attractions in and around Amritsar. The results further revealed that
tourists are positive about staying here for longer time but they require better services
and more attractions to visit. It was concluded that it will certainly increase the carrying
capacity of Amritsar and that will further lead to longer sustainability of the region. The
researcher recommended that this research can be applied to other regions also and
further research can be undertaken with other indicators of destination sustainability.
 Bhardwaj and Sharma (2001) , in their study entitled “Impact of Economic
Reforms on Punjab and Subsequently Need of Strategic Planning for Tourism
Development” highlighted that there are a few tourist attractions in the state
and they are also scattered but still with innovative ideas.
Table 2. Respondents’ Assessment on the Accessibility of White Sand Beach of Lukbon Gamay

ACCESSIBILITY MEAN DESCRIPTOR RANK

Lukbon is easy to locate. 3.75 Agree 1
Land transportation are available in going to Tubay. 3.65 Agree 4
Fare is affordable for tourists. 3.67 Agree 3
There are boats readily available from Tubay to Lukbon. 3.72 Agree 2
Legend: Strongly Agree = 4.50 – 5.00, Agree = 3.50 – 4.49, Neutral = 2.50 - 3.49, Disagree = 1.50 – 2.49, Strongly Disagree = 1.00 –
1.49

It can be seen in Table 2, the respondents’ assessment of the accessibility of Lukbon

Gamay Beach. Based on the respondents’ mean rating, they agreed that the beach is easy to
locate (M=3.75), boats availability bound to Lukbon (M=3.72), fare affordability bound to
Lukbon (M=3.67), and Land transportation availability bound to Tubay (M=3.65).

 According to (Darcy & Buhalis 2011), the concept of "Accessible Tourism"

refers to the adaptations of environments and of tourism products and
services so as to enable access, use and enjoyment by all tourist, under the
principals of universal design. 
 The tourism bodies needs to provide accessible, relevant and accurate
information whenever they think it is essential (ACT Strategic Plan for Positive
Ageing 2010-2014).
 ENAT, 2008 Clearly, accessibility is not a widely used ‘buzzword’ in the tourism
sector today and even less practiced. It is perhaps worth considering that the
same might have been said about the word “sustainability” in relation to
tourism some 10 years ago. The “inconvenient truth” of the negative impacts
on our global environment caused by human activities has hastened a rising
environmental awareness. This has led to new trends in travel and tourism in
the past decade, with “eco-tourism” appearing as a new phenomenon.
Similarly, we would predict that tourism will be transformed significantly in the
coming years, as population ageing leads to increasing demand for and supply
of “accessible tourism” offers.
 ENAT, 2008 Accessible services are a key concept in achieving user-friendly
tourism for everyone.
 For providers who seek to adopt an accessibility-mainstreaming approach, this
also entails attracting tourists via regular tourism information channels.
 

Table 3. Respondents’ Assessment on the Facilities/Amenities of White Sand Beach of Lukbon Gamay

FACILITIES/AMENITIES MEAN DESCRIPTOR RANK

There are cottages available for tourist. 1.95 Disagree 1
There is an adequate bathroom/toilet available in the site. 1.68 Disagree 2
Convenience store is available in the area. 1.58 Disagree 3.5
Water facilities is adequate in the area. 1.58 Disagree 3.5
Legend: Strongly Agree = 4.50 – 5.00, Agree = 3.50 – 4.49, Neutral = 2.50 - 3.49, Disagree = 1.50 – 2.49, Strongly Disagree = 1.00 –
1.49

It can be seen in Table 2, the respondents’ assessment of the facilities/amenities of

Lukbon Gamay Beach. Based on the respondents’ mean rating, they disagreed that there are
available cottages in Lukbon (M=1.95), visible comfort station in the site (M=1.68), visible
convenience store (M=1.58), and adequate water facilities in the site (M=1.58).

 When tourists choose where they want to go, it is referred to as destination-

related travel motives and implies that tourists compare different destinations,
facilities, the costs involved and then decide where they want to go (Foster,
2000:32).
 Anastasiadou and Sau smarez (2006 ) , examined whether the involvement of
regional trading blocs in tourism is desirable and if so, what form future
participation might take. Based on the findings from two qualitative studies,
examples of best practice were identified and recommendations were made on
the basis of research. It was suggested that there should be greater co-
operation over facilitating tourist movement and crisis management was
suggested. It concluded that the relevance of regional trading blocs in tourism
needs further endorsement by the member states.
 Prasad and Chomp lay (2008 ) , stated that tourism development in India has
passed through many phases. At government level the development of tourist
facilities was 50 taken up in a planned manner in 1956 coinciding with the
second five year plan. The approach was evolved from isolated planning of
single unit facilities in the second and third five year plans.
 Gautam et al (2012) , in their research paper, assessed the scope and potential
of development. It was found that the hardest barriers to adventure sports
 tourism development in Himachal are the tourist satisfaction with the adventure
tourism facilities, accessibility of adventure sports specific places, then followed
with limited public facilities like sanitation, medical etc.

PROBLEM 2
Table 4. Respondents’ Assessment on the Safety and Security of White Sand Beach of Lukbon Gamay

SAFETY AND SECURITY MEAN DESCRIPTOR RANK

There is an adequate life vest in the boat. 2.21 Disagree 2
Lifeguards and medical personnel are visible in the site. 1.88 Disagree 4
There are security personnel in case of accidents. 1.91 Disagree 3
It is safe to travel to Lukbon. 3.21 Neutral 1
Legend: Strongly Agree = 4.50 – 5.00, Agree = 3.50 – 4.49, Neutral = 2.50 - 3.49, Disagree = 1.50 – 2.49, Strongly Disagree = 1.00 –
1.49

It can be seen in Table 3, the respondents’ assessment of the safety and security of
Lukbon Gamay Beach. Based on the respondents’ mean rating, it is neutral that traveling to
Lukbon is safe (M=3.21). But disagreed to the availability of life vests in boats (M=2.21), visible
security personnel in the site (M=1.91), and visible lifeguards and medical personnel in the site
(M=1.88).

- (Cagilaba and Rennie 2005)The beach under normal conditions, should be consider
locally as being relatively safe for bathing. A risk assessment should have been
conducted and appropriate control measures, such as hazard warning signs, safety
equipment and emergency planning, identified within the assessment, should be in
place.
- (Cagilaba and Rennie 2005)Lifeguards are on duty the high-use season, with adequate
safety provision readily available for emergency use.
- (Cagilaba and Rennie 2005)At least one of the municipality’s beaches must be equipped
with the access to the beach and facilities for the tourist.
- (Cagilaba and Rennie 2005)Beach guards are on duty the bathing season and/or there is
adequate safety provision, including lifesaving equipment and directions for their use.
The lifesaving equipment must be of a type that is approved by national
lifesaving/guarding bodies.
- For example, issues such as lifeguards, sea state and presence of rip current could have
been grouped under a single heading of ‘safety issues’ (Micallef and Williams, 2004.
Despite these weaknesses, the checklist raised issues that needed to be addressed by
white sand beach awards in order that they could benefit all tourist and fulfil their needs
 - Majority (13.24%) of the respondents responded that “Education and training of
people” is the primary vital means of improving Tourism safety and Security whereas
the internationalism of tourism in local areas get the lowest response (8.35%). The
results are supported by Zanzibar Tourism, (2006), the development of tourism
personnel is deeply related to the educational and training levels of a country. Since
problem cannot be solved overnight, it is essential to deal with the issue with a long
term perspective. Establishing a tourism training, research and statistic unit within the
Commission for Tourism, responsible for identifying and prioritizing training needs,
formulating the curricula, standard and syllabi for tourism training at all leveling and to
develop joint crime prevention programs should be prioritize. Police should provide on-
going information about local crime to tourism officials.
- Murugun (2012 ) ,The main objective of the paper was to enhance and establish the
extent to which the Pondicherry is safe for tourists and bringing at instilling confidence
among tourists about Pondicherry as a safe and secure destination
- Asli et al (2009 ) , investigated tourists' perception of the safety and security of a
destination in relation to the level of satisfaction with their trip, in Turkey. Results
revealed that positive perception of Turkey's hygiene and health, and safety and
security helped visitors to have greater trip satisfaction, especially when they stayed
longer and enjoyed their trip without any product or service failure. Practical
implications and future research suggestions were made to sustain the satisfaction of
tourists.

Table 5. Respondents’ Assessment on the Recreational Activities of White Sand Beach of Lukbon Gamay

RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES MEAN DESCRIPTOR RANK

Boating is available for tourist in the site. 3.06 Neutral 6
Swimming is ideal in the site. 4.11 Agree 1
Picnicking is ideal in the site. 4.10 Agree 2
Camping is ideal in the site. 3.45 Agree 4
Beach volleyball is ideal in the site. 3.61 Agree 3
Sand castle building is ideal in the site. 3.42 Neutral 5
Legend: Strongly Agree = 4.50 – 5.00, Agree = 3.50 – 4.49, Neutral = 2.50 - 3.49, Disagree = 1.50 – 2.49, Strongly Disagree = 1.00 –
1.49

It can be seen in Table 5, the respondents’ assessment of the recreational activities of

Lukbon Gamay Beach. Based on the respondents’ mean rating, they agreed that it is an ideal
swimming site (M=4.11), picnicking site (M=4.10), beach volleyball site (M=3.61), and a camping
site (M=3.45). While it is neutral in building sand castles in the site (M=3.42) and a boating site
(M=3.06).

 Decrop (2006:83) claimed that in addition to Exciting activities and having fun:
To experience fun and excitement while participating in leisure or adventure
 activities, as the fantasy of the adventure help to overcome the boring and
meaningless everyday life activities.
 Tourists may seek a more active experience through water-based activities, than
just the passive sightseeing cruise experience (Morgan, Moo & Mansell,
2005:74)
 Morgan et al. (2005), studied adventure tourists on water, and found the
following aspects as motives: flow experience, intrinsic rewards, competence
and fun. Sung (2004) identified five motives in her attempt to classify adventure
travellers: importance, interest, pleasure, risk and experience.

Table 7. Respondents’ Assessment on the Environmental Factors of White Sand Beach of Lukbon Gamay

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS MEAN DESCRIPTOR RANK

The environment has a clean atmosphere. 3.66 Agree 1
The cleanliness of the surroundings is sustainable. 3.57 Agree 3
The quality of the beach's water is tolerable for cleanliness. 3.64 Agree 2
Legend: Strongly Agree = 4.50 – 5.00, Agree = 3.50 – 4.49, Neutral = 2.50 - 3.49, Disagree = 1.50 – 2.49, Strongly Disagree = 1.00 –
1.49

It can be seen in Table 5, the respondents’ assessment of the environmental factors of

Lukbon Gamay Beach. Based on the respondents’ mean rating, they agreed that the atmosphere
of the environment is clean (M=3.66), the beach’s water is tolerable for cleanliness (M=3.64)
and the surroundings’ cleanliness is sustainable (M=3.57)

- The institutions and companies responsible for the development

and promotion of domestic destination need to determine the factors influencing tourists’

destination choices. It is recognized that destination is not only a tourism product,

offering an integrated experience to customers, but it is a perceptual concept, which is

interpreted subjectively by the consumers and is dependent on a wide range of factors

(Buhalis, 2000)

PROBLEM 3
Table 6. Test on the Difference of the Respondents’ Assessment of White Sand Beach Lukbong Gamay when group
according to age using Kruskal-Wallis H Test

White Sand Beach of Lukbong

Gamay Assessment H df p-value Conclusion
Attraction 5.053 3 0.168 Not Significant
Accessibility 0.713 3 0.87 Not Significant
Facilities/Amenities 1.411 3 0.703 Not Significant
Safety and Security 2.028 3 0.567 Not Significant
Recreational Activities 0.331 3 0.954 Not Significant
Environmental Factors 0.646 3 0.886 Not Significant
*significant at p-value<0.05

As shown in Table 6, a Kruskal-Wallis H Test was conducted to determine if there were

differences in the respondents’ assessment of Lukbon Gamay Beach when group according to

age. It can be seen that the distribution of the respondents’ assessment on the attraction (H (3)

=5.053, p=0.0168), accessibility (H (3) =0.713, p=0.87), … were not statistically different when

group according to age. This means the respondents’ assessment of the Lukbon Gamay Beach

were similar across age. The result of the findings was supported by the study of Delos Santos,

et al. (2013), which stated that the age doesn’t influence the respondent’s assessment in all

aspects. This shows that children, early working age, primary working age, and elderly doesn’t

affect their assessment in terms of possible environmental, economic, social and cultural

impacts.

Table 7. Test on the Difference of the Respondents’ Assessment of White Sand Beach Lukbong Gamay when group
according to sex using Mann-Whitney U Test

Mean Rank
White Sand Beach of Lukbong
Gamay Assessment Female Male U p-value Conclusion
46.1
Attraction 59.26 9 816.5 0.033* Significant
Accessibility 59.23 46.2 817.5 0.033* Significant
53.0
Facilities/Amenities 45.27 7 933 0.197 Not Significant
Safety and Security 55.35 48.1 945.5 0.235 Not Significant
 1
45.1
Recreational Activities 61.29 9 749.5 0.009* Significant
51.7
Environmental Factors 47.97 5 1022 0.534 Not Significant
*significant at p<0.05

However, As shown in Table 7, Mann Whitney U Test was conducted to determine if

there were differences in the respondents’ assessment of Lukbon Gamay Beach when group

according to sex. It can be seen that the distribution of the respondents’ assessment on

Attraction (U=816.5, p=0.033), accessibility (U=817.5, p=0.033) and recreational activities

(U=749.5, p=0.009) were statistically different when group according to sex. This means that in

terms of attraction, accessibility and recreational activities, female respondents have higher

degree of assessment than males.

- According to Sanz de Acedo Lizarraga et al., (2007), when it comes to a decision,

women are more concerned with the uncertainty, doubts and the quality of being dynamic and

positive. Women give more value to time and money, and are more concerned about the

consequences of their decisions. Women pay attention to the limitations that the surroundings

or a close person put on them. Men, on the other hand, spend more time analyzing the

information needed to make the decision, and also focus on the goals and the reason for the

decision.

Table 8. Test on the Difference of the Respondents’ Assessment of White Sand Beach Lukbong Gamay when group
according to Employment using Mann-Whitney U Test

White Sand Beach of Mean Rank

Lukbong Gamay Assessment Employed Unemployed U p-value Conclusion
Attraction 51.42 49.78 1191.5 0.777 Not Significant
 Accessibility 50.84 50.23 1217 0.916 Not Significant
Facilities/Amenities 53.36 48.25 1106 0.372 Not Significant
Safety and Security 48.7 51.91 1153 0.579 Not Significant
Recreational Activities 50.42 50.56 1228.5 0.981 Not Significant
Environmental Factors 52.44 48.97 1146.5 0.547 Not Significant
*significant at p-value<0.05

As shown in Table 8, Mann Whitney U Test was conducted to determine if there were

differences in the respondents’ assessment of Lukbon Gamay Beach when group according to

employment. It can be seen that the distribution of the respondents’ assessment on

Recreational Activities (U=1228.5, p=0.981), Attraction (U=1191.5, p=0.777), Environmental

Factors (U=1146.5, p=0.547) were statistically indifferent when group according to employment.

This means that in terms of Recreational Activities, Attraction and Environmental Factors, most

of the respondents are employed.

The results of this study show that employed women engage in vigorous physical

activities more often (18.2%) than those who are unemployed (5.8%) (p < 0.001), which

is in line with the findings of Eyler et al. (2002). For general leisure, longer sitting times

were reported by women, smokers and those without full-time employment. This

phenomenon may be due to the fact that women who have sedentary jobs trying to

compensate for a lack of physical activity at work with increased activity during their

leisure time, although, as pointed out by Jans, Proper, and Hildebrandt (2007)

In both these countries, the level of employment in the highest quarter of the year is nearly

double the level in the lowest quarter, and 30 % to 35 % higher than the annual average. At

the other end of the spectrum, there is no significant seasonal variation in employment in

Denmark, the Netherlands and Norway. (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-

explained/index.php/Archive:Tourism_employment 2008).
Table 9. Test on the Difference of the Respondents’ Assessment of White Sand Beach Lukbong Gamay when group
according to Educational Attainment using Kruskal-Wallis H Test

White Sand Beach of Lukbong Gamay

Assessment H df p-value Conclusion
Attraction 10.011 6 0.124 Not Significant
Accessibility 8.735 6 0.189 Not Significant
Facilities/Amenities 6.738 6 0.346 Not Significant
Safety and Security 4.42 6 0.62 Not Significant
Recreational Activities 4.666 6 0.587 Not Significant
Environmental Factors 0.852 6 0.991 Not Significant
*significant at p-value<0.05

As shown in Table 9, a Kruskal-Wallis H Test was conducted to determine if there were

differences in the respondents’ assessment of Lukbon Gamay Beach when group according to its

Educational Attainment. It can be seen that the distribution of the respondents’ assessment on

the Attraction (H(6)=10.011, p=0.124), Accessibility (H(6)=8.735, p=0.189), Facilities/Amenities

(H(6)=6.738, p=0.346) were not statistically different when group according to Educational

Attainment. This means the respondents’ assessment of the Lukbon Gamay Beach were similar

in terms of Attraction, Accessibility and Facilities/Amenities.

Table 10. Test on the Difference of the Respondents’ Assessment of White Sand Beach Lukbong Gamay when group
according to Civil Status using Kruskal-Wallis H Test

White Sand Beach of Lukbong Gamay

Assessment H df p-value Conclusion
Attraction 0.502 2 0.778 Not Significant
Accessibility 1.565 2 0.457 Not Significant
Facilities/Amenities 0.13 2 0.937 Not Significant
Safety and Security 1.02 2 0.601 Not Significant
Recreational Activities 0.333 2 0.847 Not Significant
Environmental Factors 0.192 2 0.908 Not Significant
*significant at p-value<0.05

As shown in Table 9, a Kruskal-Wallis H Test was conducted to determine if there were

differences in the respondents’ assessment of Lukbon Gamay Beach when group according to its

Civil Status. It can be seen that the distribution of the respondents’ assessment on the

Accessibility H (2) =1.565, p=0.457), Attraction (H (2) =0.502, p=0.778) and Recreational

Activities (H (2) =0.333, p=0.847) were not statistically indifferent when group according to its

Civil Status. This means the respondents’ assessment of the Lukbon Gamay Beach were similar

in terms of Accessibility, Attraction and Recreational Activities.

CHAPTER 4. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the findings, conclusions, and recommendation of the study based
on the analysis and interpretation of data.
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

Based on the analysis of the data, the following were the finding of the study:

1. The respondents’ assessment of the Lukbon Gamay Beach were similar across age.

The 52.50% of the respondents that are in 24–54 years old age group are the prime working age,

and the 40.50% of the respondents are in 15–24 years old that are the early working age, while

the 5% that are in 55–64 years old are the mature working age, and the 1.50% that is in 65

years and above are the elderly and lastly the 0.5% are the 14 years old and below are children.

This means that most of the respondents are in the prime working age or in the early working

age.

2.The 25% of the respondents are in High School Level group ranking 1 st, while the 24%

are in College Level ranking 2nd, the 18% are in High School Graduate, the 17% are in College

Graduate, the 7% are in the Elementary Level, the 5% are in Master’s Degree, and lastly the 4%

are in the Elementary Graduate group. This means that most of the respondents are in High

School Level or in College Level.

 The variety of choices complement the main attractions on the site, especially if

the travel party consists of multiple demographics, for instance children, elderly

people, etc (Syamsul Herman et al., 2012). In addition, the availability of

affordable accommodation plays a significant role in promoting longer stays. In

the case of Kampar, the major attractions are focused on adventure tourism.

Nevertheless, less vigorous programmes might be promoted for the secondary

market, such as for the elderly and children. By doing so, Kampar will be able to

attract visitors for longer stays by catering to the demands of families instead of

depending on adventure tourists. Currently, the other activities at adjacent

 areas are caving at Gua Kandu and sunset hiking to the top of the Bukit Batu

Putih Sahom Farm Retreat, Gaharu Tea Valley and the Sungai Salu waterfall,

which are still suitable only for middle-aged tourists.

3.The 56% of respondents are Males, and the 44% are Females. There were more male

respondents that were in presence during the time of research and they were more interested

to visit and experience Lukbong Gamay.

 Demographic Segmentation: The market is divided into groups based on

variables such as age, gender, family size, family life cycle, income, occupation,

education, religion, race, generation and nationality. Demographic

segmentation is a common base for segmentation as tourists’ needs, wants and

usage rates often reflect their demographic variables (Armstrong & Kotler,

2005:188).

 Kandari and Ashish Chandra (2003) in their book ‘Tourism, Bio-diversity

Sustainable Development’ hold the view that “ecotourism becomes more

important economically ensuring that it follows a truly sustainable path will

require co-operation and partnerships among tourism industry, government,

local people and above all, tourists themselves”. They also stipulate that

ecotourism is reputed to be the fastest growing sector of the world tourism

industry and sustainability is the key concept in defining genuine ecotourism.

 Ramesh Chawla (2006) in his book ‘Ecology and Tourism Development’ states

that eco-tourist visits to relatively undeveloped areas in the spirit of

appreciation, participation and sensitivity. The eco-tourist practices a

 nonconsumptive use of wildlife and natural resources and contributes

benefiting the conservation of the site.

 Chaitip et al (2008 ), Results indicated that the travel cost satisfaction of tourists

has a positive influence on tourism product, tourism product attributes and

tourism product management. The findings revealed that the tourist

demographics have no influence on tourism product management. It was

suggested that both the private and government tourism sector should develop

a better management of tourist destinations so as to develop a strong attraction

to tourism, better amenities, a better accessibility, an appropriate image to

make tourism 51 competitive and to keep tourism product prices at a

reasonable level.

 Ali and Parvin (2010 ) , The findings revealed that domestic tourists choose tour

to see places which are famous for scenic beauty and secondly they choose tour

on medical ground. In case of foreign tourists, it was observed that they choose

tour to see archeological and historical places. The research suggested that all

the places of scenic beauty, archaeological, historical and cultural attraction

should be well developed so that foreign and domestic 52 tourists can be

attracted to visit the place. Further it was recommended that government

should appoint a highpowered board to regulate tourism industry by taking

services of knowledgeable persons.

 ] Hyma and Wal l (1979) , in their study, discussed the potential for

development of tourism in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The study examined

the natural and cultural resources of the state and demonstrated that the state

has a rich cultural heritage and areas of attractive scenery which could form the
 basis for expanded recreation and tourist industry. It was found that because of

low priority formerly ascribed to tourism, fragmented responsibilities and lack

of supporting infrastructure, the full potential of these activities has yet to be

realized. They suggested two basic strategies for development of tourism,

namely resource based and urban based. The former involves recognition of

areas where number of potential attractions is found in close proximity and such

clusters can form the basis for development of multifunctional tourist regions.

In contrast, urban based strategy focuses on initial development on district

headquarters where necessary infrastructure is already available and capital

requirements are likely to be less. They recommended urban based strategy for

early stage of tourism development.

CONCLUSIONS

From the findings, the following conclusions were dawn:

1. The majority of respondents were ages 24 to 54 years old with the over-all total of

52.50% because at this prime working age, this is the stage where the interest of

exploration and adventure occur.

The educational attainment high school is the highest with the over-all total of 25%

because they don’t have enough financial to support their studies to college.

The civil status single is the highest with the over-all total of 55% because they have

more time to travel and to explore than a married one.

 Majority of the respondents are male with the over-all total of 56% because most of

them are tended to travel more often for leisure and business purposes.

The respondent’s occupation is both employed and unemployed with the over-all

total 100%. This is because both employed and unemployed are like to unwind and

travel.

2. Majority of the respondent agreed that the attractiveness is unique with the over-

all total of (M=4.05). This is because the site has plenty of activities to offer.

The respondents agreed that the accessibility of Lukbon Gamay is easy to locate

with the over-all total of (M=3.75). This is because there are boats.

Facilities/Amenities the over-all total is (M=1.95) disagree that there are no

available cottages for the tourist to stay in Lukbon Gamay.

Safety and Security has the over-all total of (M=3.21) neutral because it does not

have any effect on other things because it lacks any significant qualities of its own.

Recreational activities has the over-all total of (M=4.11) agreed that it is the ideal

site for swimming.

Environmental factors has the over-all total of (M=3.66) agreed that the

atmosphere has a clean environment.

3. Group according to the age that the respondents were similar across the age in the

ove-all total of (H(3)=5.053, P=0.168 of attraction.

Group according to sex that the respondents that the female has the higher degree

of assessment than males.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

Based on the findings and conclusions of the study, the following recommendations are

presented:

1. Build some rail road transportation going Lukbon Gamay for faster transport and easy

access.

2. Put up some convenient store to the area and water facilities.

3. Hire some lifeguards and medical personnel in the site case of emergencies.

4. Proper disposal of the garbage to Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable.

5. Another to consider is the availability of the boats in Lukbon Gamay.