Department of Education

Contemporary Arts in
the Philippine Regions
Contemporary Art Forms
and Their Practices

Module 1
 Blessie L. Tablate
Writer

Mariel Eugene L. Luna

Validator

Schools Division Office – Muntinlupa City

Student Center for Life Skills Bldg., Centennial Ave., Brgy. Tunasan, Muntinlupa City
(02) 8805-9935 / (02) 8805-9940

ii
What I Need to Know

Art serves as mirror of the identity and rich culture of the Philippines.
Various art forms from different regions reflect what kind of culture we have
and people we are. As a Filipino it is our responsibility to know our different
forms of arts to fully appreciate and embrace yourself as a citizen.

This module discusses the various contemporary art forms and their
practices in different regions. Lessons and activities created will help the
students to understand and appreciate the contemporary arts of the
Philippines.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Describe various contemporary art forms and their practices from

the various regions.
2. Define arts and contemporary arts.
3. Appreciate the history of the art in the Philippines.
4. Distinguish contemporary period from other art period.

What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. The development of Philippine Art comes in three major traditions.
Which of these does not belong to said traditions? a. Ethnic Tradition
b. Ice Age Tradition

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 c. Spanish Colonial Tradition
d. American Colonial Tradition

2. Why are dances in the country during the pre-colonial times vary on the
area where our ancestors thrive?
a. The ethnic art forms were influenced by the indigenous art.
b. The ethnic art forms were influenced by the geographical location.
c. The ethnic art forms were influenced by the experiences of the
Filipinos.
d. The ethnic art forms were influenced by mimics of the movement of
animals.
3. Why early Filipinos used local materials in their indigenous art?
a. The materials were light.
b. The materials were cheap.
c. The materials were ordered.
d. The materials were accessible.

4. Spanish replace the Philippine indigenous arts with Western art forms;
these arts were greatly influenced by what factors?
a. Religion c. Both A and B
b. Secularization d. None of these

5. Valse, fandango, polka and minuet are examples of _____.

a. operas c. secular dances
b. zarzuelas d. religious dances

6. What is contemporary art?

a. Art belongs to American colonial tradition.
b. Art that refers to practice in the 1860s to 1960s.
c. Art that practices in the country during World War I.
d. Art that refers to the recent and current practice of art.

7. Modern art is also referred to ______.

a. current c. practices
b. obsession d. traditional

8. Impressionism, Luminism, Realism with subjects inspired by Philippine

genre and historical, nudes and society portraits were his arts styles
because of this he was awarded as the first awardee of the National
Artist Award in 1972. Who was this artist being referred?
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 a. Ang Kiukok c. Guillermo Tolentino
b. Fernando Amorsolo d. Victor Edades

9. The Bul-ul or Bulol is an Ifugao anthropomorphic carving that

symbolizes an Ifugao rice god or guardian spirits. It also signifies fertility
and is sometimes believed to house spirits of ancestors. A Bul-ul has a
simplified shape of a human being, whether male or female. What does it
imply? a. Philippine indigenous art is in narrative forms.
b. Philippine indigenous art is accessible to everyone.
c. Philippine indigenous art is developed by spirituality.
d. Philippine indigenous art is developed by oral tradition.

10. What is art?

a. An expression or application of human creative skill and imagination,
producing works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or
emotional power.
b. The process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing
buildings or other structures.
c. An art that takes before a new unit to find out what the students need
more instruction on and what they may already know.
d. It refers to late 19th and early-to-mid 20th century art works
produced showcased artists’ interest in re-imagining, reinterpreting,
and even rejecting traditional aesthetic values of preceding styles.

11. What symbolizes the pottery and terracotta making with our ancestors?
a. It depicts the social class they belong.
b. It shows their initiatives in the community.
c. It depicts the passion of our ancestors in their interests.
d. It shows the rich culture, traditions and high level of craftsmanship.

12. An element of art that refers to visual perception that allows a person to
differentiate objects.
a. Color b. Hue c. Lines d. Value

13. It refers to the shape that is usually used in natural or living forms.
a. Analog b. Curvy c. Geometric d. Organic

14. Who is Juan Luna y Novicio?

a. He made the Spoliarium.
b. A Filipino painter, sculptor and a political activist.

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 c. He won the gold medal in the 1884 Madrid Exposition of Fine Arts.
d. d. All of these.

15. What period did Filipinos start to explore different materials,

methodologies and techniques?
a. Pre-Colonial Period c. American Period
b. Spanish Period d. Japanese Period

Lesson Arts in the Philippines:

1 A Historical Background
What’s In

ACTIVITY: T-CHART

Review the word listed in columns A and B in the T-chart. Compare the two sets
and answer the processing questions.
Column A Column B
Expression Marketing
Beauty Advertising
Emotions Franchise

Processing Questions:

1. What did you notice in the combined words in column A and column B?

2. What do you think is why words come together in one set? Explain.

What’s New

Arts Defined
According to Lisa Marder, July 2019, ThoughtCo.com, art is the conscious
creation of something beautiful or meaningful using skill and imagination. It is an
expression or appreciation of human creative skill and imagination.

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 Its origin came from: a. Aryan root AR, meaning “to put together” b. 2
(two) Greek words, ARTIZEIN (to prepare) & ARKISKEIN (to put together) c.
Latin terms ARS, ARTIS (everything that is artificially made or composed by
man). Art is a creation, creating something new, something original and something
different. Art is life. It is creating life on a material and making inanimate objects to
have life. To create art is to give life, Ramon Orlina-glass sculptor.

A contemporary art is an art produced at the present period in time. It is an

art of today, produced by artists who are living in the 21stcentury. This also refers
to the recent & current practice of art ranging from the 1970’s up to the present. A
reference to Contemporary Art meaning “the art of today,” more broadly includes
artwork produced during the late 20th and early 21st centuries. It generally defines
art produced after the Modern Art movement to the present day.

Philippine Art History

HISTORICAL OVERVIEW: PHILIPPINE ART
ETHNIC SPANISH AMERICAN JAPANESE POSTWAR CON-
TRADITION/ COLONIAL COLONIAL PERIOD REPUBLIC TEMPORARY
FORM
PRECOLONIAL TRADITION 1898-1940
1521-1898
Wartime
Painting

Religious (icon Landscape,

and portraiture, scene
Pottery, Body
ecclesiastical), genre, (aggression,
ornament and
secular nationalism,
adornment interior, still
atrocities,
(portraiture) life
protest,
aspiration
Sculpture

for peace)
Modern, Figurative, non-
Santos, Propaganda conservative, figurative,
furniture, abstract, art for art sake,
Pottery, carving
reliefs, altar Indigenizing experimenta, multimedia,
and woodwork, Free standing
pieces, jewelry, and public art mixed media,
metalwork and relief, public
metalwork, Orientalizing transmedia
expression
fieta, works,
ornamentation genre, idyllic
(Amorsolo,
Francisco,
Ocampo)
City planning
Architecture

Church, plaza parks,

complex, town waterfronts,
planning, civic/govern
Dwellings and
fortification, ment
houses,
civic buildings structures,
shelters, Real estate, safe housing,
and public
worship areas, accessories, tenements,
installations, works,
official private squatters, convention arch,
apartments,
residences, Public works commercial/business, condos,
residences, residences,
mosque, malls, subdivision,
commercial offices,
masjid, state development, low cost housing
structures, public
edifices cemeteries, education
bridges, and business
lighthouse chalet

Source: Arts Studies Professors Fajardo and Flores 2002

Philippine Art History

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 I. Pre- Colonial / Ethnic Arts forms are primarily influenced by the
geographical location and experiences of the Filipinos. Ethnic arts in Philippines
are labors of love and patience. And are for ritual purposes that marked
significant moment in community's life like planting, harvesting, rites of
passage, funerary ceremonies, weddings and others.

A. Dance

Source: https://kknotkkk.home.blog/

Cañao/kanyaw is a prestigious feast

for religious and/or agricultural
Source: https://kknotkkk.home.blog/ significance found in the Cordillera
Mayvanuvanua ritual for the start of the Autonomous Region officiated by a
fishing season in Batanes. shaman or mumbaki "sayer of prayer"
ritual for healing/ offering.

Source: https://kknotkkk.home.blog/
Kashawing ritual ensures abundance
during rice planting and harvesting in
Lake Lanao in Mindanao is still observed
and performed. It involves reenactment of
the pact made by the ancestors and the
unseen spirits that inhabit the lake.
Source: https://www.picuki.com/tag/pagdiwata
Pagdiwata ritual, held to celebrate
various occasions including bountiful
harvests and weddings of the ethnic
group in Palawan, the Tagbanwa.

Source: https://kknotkkk.home.blog/
Source: https://kknotkkk.home.blog/
Pangalay is native dance of Badjao or
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 the Sea Gypsies of Sulu Archipelago is Kinabua a Mandaya’s tribal dance
mimetic movements of seabirds that portrays the hawk’s use of sweet
commonly performed at weddings and songs to lure out the hen and the
other social gatherings. chicks that made for meal.

Source: https://kknotkkk.home.blog/ Source: https://kknotkkk.home.blog/

Banog-banog is a dance of Higaonon and
B’laan communities that portrays
hunters protecting their chickens from Man-manok is dance performed by
the hungry hawks. This is usually Bagobo tribe of Mindanao that imitate
performed by healed patients of the the movements of predatory birds.
babaylan on special occasions.

Source: https://kknotkkk.home.blog/
Talip dance of the Ifugaos is used in
courtship and is mimetic of the
movements of wild fowls.
Source: https://kknotkkk.home.blog/
Inamong by Tigwahanon Manaobos of
Bukidnon is an ethnic dance
performed during the harvest time
mimicking a pair of flirting monkeys.
Thus, inamong means “monkey-like”
or “simian antics” and this is being
accompanied by indigenous musical
instrument gongs and guimba.

Source: https://kknotkkk.home.blog/
Kadaliwas a T’bolis dance that
represents a comedic movements of
monkeys romping around covered with
dried banana leaves and langkang
baluang of Tausug.
B. Music
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Source: https://www.tumblr.com/tagged/tinikling
Tinikling, a popular Tagalog folk
dance is expressive movements of the
crance, balancing itself on stilt-like
legs or flitting away from the clutches
of bamboo traps.
 Source: https://www.tagaloglang.com/kudyapi/ Source: https://kknotkkk.home.blog/
Kudyapi is a two stringed long-necked Kulintang an array of bossed gongs
lute common in Mindanao and Palawan that is found and played among
that is made from wood. Maguindanaons.

Source: https://kknotkkk.home.blog/
Gansa or gangsa is an indigenous
bamboo percussion instruments found Source: https://kknotkkk.home.blog/
in the mountain region of Cordillera of Agong or Agung is a large bossed
particular ethnic group of Kalinga, gong usually hung either on a sturdy
Ifugao, Bontoc and etc. tree branch.

C. Carving

Source: https://tinyurl.com/y9wg6ekv

Bul’ul is regarded by people of Cordillera

as a granary god that plays an important Source: https://tinyurl.com/y8a87bd7

role in rituals that also appears in Hagabi is a wooden bench that marks
containers, bowls and spoons. the socioeconomic status of the owner

D. Terracotta and Pottery Making

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 Source: https://tinyurl.com/y9dcjush
Manunggul Jar
Burial jar excavated from a Neolithic
burial site in Manunggul cave of Tabon
Caves at Lipuun Point at Palawan
dating from 890–710 B.C. Glazed with
reddidsh hematite and incised with
curvilinear designs. It has two
anthropomorphic human forms atop the
lid: a boat man paddling to transport
his deceased charge, whose journey
through the water interpreted to the
travel afterlife.
Source: https://tinyurl.com/y9a7czdr / and
Pagbuburnay
https://tinyurl.com/y8q3uxwt
Palayok, banga and tapayan are other In Vigan, this is a tradition that thrives
forms of pottery used for cooking, and currently valued in Ilocos as part of
fermenting food and keeping liquids. its creative industry.
E. Weaving
Source:
https://www.pinoyadventurista.com/2013/08/tausug-
baluyand-pis-siyabit-jolo-sulu.html
Pis siyabit a headpiece woven by the
Tausug of Sulu made from cotton or
silk with intricate geometric patterns
of colors into the smallest, triangles
and diamonds.
Source: https://tinyurl.com/y9dcjush
Maitum Jar
Earthenware pot produced during the
Metal Age (5 BC-225 AD) found in Ayub
Cave in Pinol, Maitum Saranggani
Province. Some of the designs on the
pottery were similar to those found in
southwestern Mindanao but the detailed
facial expression is unique. The making
of these earthenware depicting human
figures and faces indicates a high level
of craftsmanship.
Source: https://tinyurl.com/y9dcjush
Source:https://www.pinoyadventurista.com/2013/08/tausugbalu
y-and-pis-siyabit-jolo-sulu.html
Baluy are mats made from pandan
leaves from the colorful weaves of Jolo
Sulu. The leaves were dyed with one or
more color and weaved with different
patterns characterized by linearity and
geometry.
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 Source: https://tinyurl.com/y9u79gm3

Malong is a large wrap round tubular

garment "ginayan" or "tabih" among
the Bagobo and B'laan, the "tadjung"
among the Sama and Tausug, the Source: https://tinyurl.com/ycsx5trr

"gampek" among the Subanun, and Langkit is a traditional Maranao weave

the "linaog" among the Mandaya, used made with a backstrap loom with
by the Maranaos and Maguindanaos disctinctive okir or geometric and flowing
from the Sothern Philippines. designs and folk motifs of Maranao.

Source: https://tinyurl.com/ycsx5trr
Tepo mat /Sama mat colorful double
layered mat of the Sama of Tawi-Tawi Source: https://tinyurl.com/ydepygtu

that is made from pandan leaves Yuvuk from Itbayat, Batanes, a woven
traditionally used as sleeping mat, a cone shape ovaloid baskets made from
gift for newlyweds and for imams for nito and bamboo are being used as a
the recitation if prayers. head sling to carry harvests.

Bubo
A creative tool fish traps made from sturdy
bamboo strips in Ilocos Region.

Source: https://tinyurl.com/y8gqhgtg

F. Ornamentation

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 Source: https://tinyurl.com/y9dcjush
Lingling-o (2000 BC – 1000 AD)
Duyong Cave, Palawan, a kind of ear
pendant fashioned from green nephrite
(jade) is the characteristic trait of the Source: https://tinyurl.com/y9dcjush
Early Metal Age. One of the finest jade Tattooing is widely practiced during
ornaments found to date is the double- pre-colonial art for the purpose of
headed pendant recovered from Duyong ornamentation and rite of passage
Cave, Palawan. It is an example of the which was well-known in Visayas
superb craftsmanship of ancient carving “pintados” and tribes of Northern
in jade Luzon.
Source: https://tinyurl.com/yd79h9x9

Lotoan is a betel nut box of various shapes, Source: https://tinyurl.com/y9dcjush

made of brass and bronze by the Maranao of Ornaments: pendants, earrings,

Lanao del Sur. bracelets, gold rings and leg lets

Source: https://tinyurl.com/y9dcjush

Agono Petroglyphs are oldest known

work of art in the Philippines located
Source: https://tinyurl.com/y7ae9uec in the province of Rizal. There are 127
Kendi A vessel used for pouring liquids. human and animal figures engraved
Gadur was used in ceremonies and on the rock wall probably carved
cherished as status symbols or as during the late.
heirloom pieces.

Source: https://tinyurl.com/y9dcjush

Baybayin is an ancient Philippine script that was continued to be used by our

ancestors until the Spanish colonization.
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 II. Islamic Arts

Islamic arts place emphasis on creating an art form that is built on the beauty
and respect for the teachings of Islam. It is characterized by designs of flowers,
plant forms, geometric designs and the absence of human form. It is also
influenced by the notion of Tawhid.

Source: https://tinyurl.com/yawj7hpz

Okir/ukkil is an artistic cultural

heritage of the Maranaos. It is a design
or pattern often curved in hardwood,
brass, silver and wall painting in
curvilinear lines and geometric figures.
It is commonly found in Tausug and
Sama houses, traditional boats,
weapons, sunduk/gravemarkers,
musical instruments and in textiles.
Source: https://tinyurl.com/ybak9lg9
Mosque is an English word that means
“house of worship”. The word evolved
from the Arabic masjid means of place
prostration. It has mihrab or niche and
Qibla wall. On this picture is the oldest
mosque in Philippines Sheik Karim Al
Makdum located at Simunul, TawiTawi.

Source: https://outoftownblog.com/torogan-royal-house-of-
maranaos/

Torogan is a traditional house built by

Maranao people and a high social
Source: https://tinyurl.com/yb9wjn2w

Luhul / Canopy features motif is from status symbol. Panolong is a unique

Tree of Life. and most distinct part of torogan.

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 Source: http://www.ph.net/htdocs/education/sarim1.gif

Sarimanok is a legendary bird that is a

symbol of Maranao art. It is depicted as
a fowl with wings and feathered tail, Source: https://tinyurl.com/y9yl2f79

holding a fish on its beak or talons. The Burraq is a horse with a head of a
head is profusely decorated with scroll, woman that is believed to carry the
leaf, and spiral motifs. prophet in his ascension to heaven.

III. Spanish Colonial Arts

Religion and secularization greatly influenced the arts of the Philippines in

this period. The friars were the ones supervising the arts practices with their
objective of propagating Christianity and maintaining the power of colonizers.
During this, formal painting, sculpture, architecture was introduced in various
style: Byzantine, Gothic, Baroque and Rococo.

Source: https://tinyurl.com/y9dcjush
Gothic Art inspired church, San
Sebastian Recolletos in Manila.
Source: https://tinyurl.com/y9dcjush
Furniture and wood carvings
Joseph Luciano Dans (1805- 1870) is
one the earliest recorded painters in
Philippine art history. Among his
paintings are: Langit, Lupa at Impierno
ca. 1850 (Heaven, Earth and Hell), a

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three-level painting which shows the
Holy Trinity, Mary the Mother of Christ,
saints, the Seven Blessed Sacraments
and a macabre depiction of Hell. The
second painting is entitled Purgatorio
(Purgatory) which shows the eight
forms of punishment the soul passes
through for cleansing before reaching
Heaven.
Source: https://tinyurl.com/y75ppbwn
Jose Loden, Tomas Nazario and
Miguel de los Reyes did the first still
life painting in the country. They were
commisioned to paint flora and fauna
found in the country.
Source: https://tinyurl.com/y9dcjush
Juan Luna y Novicio was a Filipino
painter, sculptor and a political
activist of the Philippine Revolution
during the late 19th century. His
Spoliarium won the gold medal in the
1884 Madrid Exposition of Fine Arts.
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Source: https://tinyurl.com/y7f5xe5z
Esteban Villanueva was asked to
produce paintings on the Basi Revolt. It
marked the Ilocano’s history and the
Philippine art that was indelibly made
his creation of the fourteen paintings of
Basi Revolt in 1821
Source: https://tinyurl.com/y9dcjush
Damian Domingo y Gabor was the first
Filipino to paint his face, the first self-
portrait in the Philippines. He
established the Academia de Dibujo y
Pintura, the first drawing in the
Philippines in 1821.
Source: https://tinyurl.com/y9dcjush
Felix Resureccion Hidalgo who
became the first international Filipino
artists when they won the gold and
silver medals in the 1884 Madrid
Exposition along with Juan Luna. He
won the silver medal for Virgenes
christianas expuestas al populacho or
Christian Virgins Exposed to the Public.
 Source: https://tinyurl.com/ybwp5ave

Relleves (carved images in relief)

Source: https://tinyurl.com/y7a6vb2t usually depict the Via Crucis. It may
Santos were used for the church altars also show holy images in religious
and retablos. scenes

Source: https://tinyurl.com/y9qk3b2p

Mariano Madriñan one of the finest

santo carvers won a gold medal in the
Source: https://tinyurl.com/y7o7ebbm
1883 Amsterdam Exposition for his
Juan de los Santos earliest known Mater Dolorosa (Sorrowful Mother) from
sculptor from San Pablo Laguna. Paete, Laguna.

Source: https://tinyurl.com/ybg7m7bm

Pelagia Mendoza y Gotianquin, the Source: https://tinyurl.com/yb5htqua

first woman student was accepted in Dominicans published the La Doctrina

Academia de Dibujo y Pintura won in Christiana en la Lengua Española y
the 1892 Columbus Quadricentennial Tagala (The Christian Doctrine in the
Art Contest with a bust of Christopher Spanish and Tagalog Language), first
Columbus. book printed in the country in 1593

Source: https://tinyurl.com/yb887nsb
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 Source: https://tinyurl.com/yd52lhpd
Francisco Suarez (ca. 1690 – ca. 1762)
and Nicolas de la Cruz Bagay (1702 –
ca. 1765) collaborated to depict
landscapes, genre scenes and flora and
fauna on the borders of maps
commissioned by Fr. Murillo Velarde in
1733.
Laureano Atlas made religious scenes
and images. He did one of the earliest
known portrait engraved on copper, a
portrait of Archbishop Juan Angel
Rodriguez in 1743. Phelipe Sevilla
depicted scenes from the life of Christ.

Source: https://tinyurl.com/y9r592pj

One of the popular newspapers during

the 19th century was La Illustracion
Filipina published by Don Jose Source: https://tinyurl.com/yal72oze

Zaragosa. It had more than 100 issues Filipino engravers were the first to
from November 1891 to February 1895. depict and reproduce brown madonnas.
It usually featured lithograph prints of The Nuestra Senora de Guia was made
people, landscapes and genre scenes. in 1711, the oldest Marian image.

IV. American Colonial Arts

The American brought education and value formation following American way of
life. Art illusion, advertising and commercial arts were integrated and gained
popularity. Filipino artists started to look for his identity. Neoclassicism greatly
influenced the Philippine architecture. Painting themes favored genre paintings,
landscapes and still life. Portraits are for high ranking officials.

16
 Source: https://tinyurl.com/y9dcjush

Fernando Amorsolo y Cueto (1892 –

1972) captured the attention of public
Source: https://tinyurl.com/y9dcjush

Fabian dela Rosa (1869 – 1937) was and buyers through his bursting with
the first painter of note for the 20th yellow-orange and golden sunlight
century. He was noted for his realistic paintings. He also designed for
portraits, genre, and landscapes in commercial product, “Markang
subdued colors. He was enrolled at the Demonyo” for Ginebra San Miguel an
Escuela de Bellas Artes y Dibujo. alcoholic local drink and awarded as
the first National Artist in 1972.
The Thirteen Modern Artists
1. Victorio Edades
2. Galo B. Ocampo
3. Carlos “Botong” Francisco
4. Diosdado Lorenzo,
5. Vicente S. Manansala
6. Hernando R. Ocampo
Source: https://tinyurl.com/ycbegaej
7. Cesar T. Legaspi
University of the Philippines was
established by the Americans on June 8. Demetrio Diego, UST faculty
18, 1908. members
9. Bonifacio Cristobal (1911) and
architect
10. Jose Pardo (1916)
11. Arsenio Capili (1914 – 1945)
who died during the war, two
student-assistants
12. Ricarte Purugganan (1912 –
1998)
13. Anita Magsaysay-Ho (1914), the
only woman in the group.
• The works of Romeo Tabuena are
characterized by simplified figures
of rural landscapes, carabaos and
farmers.
• Fernando Zobel (1924-84) was an
artist, critic and educator. Carroza
is one of his works that depicts
carriage carrying the Virgin Mary. Source: https://tinyurl.com/y9dcjush

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• Nena Saguil (1914-1994) moved to Guillermo Tolentino (1890-1976) is
Paris and would continue to considered as Father of Philippine
produce her signature works of Arts. His works were Bonifacio
cellular-looking objects. Her works Monument and Oblation in the
University of the Philippines and was
are filled with orbs, spheres,
awarded as National Artist in 1973.
circles, mandalas, cells, and
moons all floating around the
canvas, her very own
interpretation of the cosmos.
• Jose T. Joya (1931-1995) would
become the country’s foremost
exponent of Abstract
Expressionism.
• In the sixties and seventies,
several young artists were now on Source: https://tinyurl.com/y9dcjush
the rise such as Bencab, Antonio
Austria, Manuel “Boy” Rodriguez
Jr.,
Roberto Chabet, Norma Belleza,
Jaime de Guzman, Danilo
Dalena, Imelda Cajipe-Endaya,
Justin Nuyda, and Angelito
Antonio among others.
In the sixties and seventies, several
sculptors followed the modernist road
set by Abueva such as Solomon
Saprid, J. Eizalde Navarro,
Lamberto Hechanova, Edgar Doctor,
Arturo Luz, Eduardo Castrillo, Jerry
Araos, Virginia Ty-Navarro, and
Source: https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/cultureprofile/national- Francisco Verano. Their exploration
artists-of-the-philippines/napoleon-abueva/
and experimentation of different
Napoleon Abueva integrated sculptural materials, techniques, styles, subject
and functional qualities of his works matter, and concept ensured a lively
that contain elements of eroticism, fun, atmosphere for sculpture in the
wit and playfulness. country.

Source:https://tinyurl.com/y7drmfhr
Source: https://tinyurl.com/y84puf95

Manuel Rodriguez Sr. (b. 1915) taught

the art of printmaking to his fellow Rodolfo Paras-Perez’s (b.1934)
artists and students. He opened specialized in colored woodcut.
Contemporary Arts Gallery in Manila, a
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 gallery cum workshop in Manila One of his notable works is The Kiss
specializing in prints. He specialized in which shows two figures locked in a
etching and known to be the Father of torrid embrace.
Philippine Printmaking.

V. Japanese Colonial Arts

Artists managed to produce artworks based on the atrocities brought by the

war. Indigenous arts and traditions were given preference and emphasis. The
arrival of the Japanese caused tremendous fear, hardships and suffering
among the Filipinos. The Filipino way of life was greatly

affected during the Japanese period. The Filipinos lost their freedom of
speech and expression. The development of art was also stopped. Filipinos
greatly feared the "zoning". There were Filipinos spies hired by the Japanese

to point those who were suspected of being part of the guerilla movement.
The Japanese made some changes in the system of education. Under their
rule, the Japanese imposed their own music on the country. Japanese music
was heard daily in radio broadcasts. Their songs were also taught in public
schools. Students, however, never took these songs to heart. In response to the
Japanese propaganda, Filipino painters reacted by producing the following
works: “A Day Begins” by Vicente Alvarez Dizon, 1942, genre scenes that seem
neutral. Yet there were still many artists who portrayed the

atrocities of war in their collections such as “Rape and Massacre in Ermita”

VI. Modern Arts in the Philippines

The art community sprang back to life. Various themes and styles were
explored and pioneered by Filipino artists who gained experience abroad. National
identity was the main theme of various art forms. New forms of expression came which
were avant-

garde in nature. Modern era in Philippine Art began after World War 2 and the
granting of Independence. Writers and artists posed the question of national identity as
the main theme of various art forms. Modern art is characterized by the artist's intent to
portray a subject as it exists in the world, according to his or her unique perspective
and is typified by a rejection of accepted or traditional styles and values.

VII. Contemporary Arts in the Philippines

Arts became expression of just, free and sovereign society. It mirrors

the society and culture of present times. It uses combination of different
methods, materials and ideas. The work of contemporary artists is a dynamic
combination of materials, methods, concepts, and subjects that challenges

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 traditional boundaries and defies easy definition. Diverse and eclectic,
contemporary art is distinguished by the very lack of a uniform organizing

What’s More
Activity: ARRANGE ME
Directions. Arrange the letters to form a
word. Then answer the questions below.
1. ROLOC

2. NILE

3. PEHAS

4. LUEAV

5. TUERXET

6. MITE 7. ACEPS

What words were formed? How it is

related to arts?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

In order to understand art and how to describe an art, it is important to

comprehend its elements. These are line, color, shape, color, shape, space, value,
texture, time and motion.

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 Just remember this. . . . .

1. Line refers to a prolongation of a point, or a mark on a surface and a

path of a moving point through space.
2. Shape refers to an area with boundaries identified or drawn using lines.
A shape may be used on natural or living forms
called organic shape. It may also be based on measured
forms, called geometric shape.
3. Color is a visual perception that allows a person to differentiate objects
due to the way various wavelengths of light reflect. This can
communicate information and emotion to the viewer.

Three properties of color:

A. Hue, refers to the basic or pure color, and is presented in

the color wheel.
B. Value, which refers to the lightness and darkness of
color.
C. Saturation refers to the brightness and dullness of color.

Color Schemes
A. Monochromatic D. Split-Complementary
B. Analogous E. Triadic
C. Complementary F. Tetradic
4. Value is the lightness and darkness of an area.
5. Texturerefers to the feel or appearance of a surface.
6. Spaceis the area that is occupied by an object or a subjec
t,
as well as thearea surrounding that object or subject.
A. Atmospheric Perspective utilizes the properties of light
and air in depicting the illusion of distance
B. Linear Perspective involves the use of vanishing points
and receding hidden lines
7. Time and Motionis the movement in the visual arts can either
be an illusion or an actual motion.

What’s More

Activity: E-Value
As a senior high school student why is it important to study art? Why people
engage in art? How can you use art in your daily life? Post you answer on your
Facebook account.
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Be guided with this rubric:
Category 4 (Very Good) 3 (Good) 2 (Pass) 1 (Poor)

Content Shows a full Shows a good Shows Does not

understanding understanding inadequate seem to
in the ideas in the ideas understanding understand
presenting. presenting. in the ideas the ideas
presenting. presenting
Organization Information is Information is Information is The
very organized organized with organized but information
with well- well- paragraphs appears to
constructed constructed are not be
paragraphs. paragraphs. wellconstructed. disorganized.
Promptness Student Student Student Student does
submits the submits the submits the not seem to
activity on activity a day activity two submit his
time. after the days after the activity.
deadline. deadline.
Total Score = __________/__________

What I Have Learned

Activity: Chart of Strength and Weakness. Using the chart, write the strengths
and weaknesses of Philippine Arts
Strengths Philippine Arts Weaknesses

What I Can Do

Level Up. Start scanning your own community for different arts or artists found in
your place. Approach the authority or the artists if they can show you how it was or
created. Ask also their permission if you can post the/their artwork in a social
media platform. Distinguish the arts you’ve found and what made it unique. After
that, post it in your Facebook account. Do tag the artist and your teacher.
Rubric
Criteria Excellent Acceptable Poor
(5) (3) (1)

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 Content The content
The content The content
demonstrates poor
demonstrates demonstrates
knowledge in
excellent acceptable
distinguish the
knowledge in knowledge in artwork.
distinguish the distinguish the
artwork. artwork.

Originality
The artwork is The artwork is The artwork is
100% unique. 50% unique. plagiarized.

Promptness The student

submitted/posted The student The student
the activity on submitted/posted submitted/posted
time. the activity one the activity two
day after the days after the
deadline. deadline.

Assessment

A. Arrange the following pictures its proper period of Philippine Art. Write
only the letter of your answer inside the box.
ETHNIC / SPANISH AMERICAN JAPANESE MODERN CONTEMPORARY
PRE- COLONIAL COLONIAL PERIOD ART
COLONIAL TRADITION
ART

Ethnic H,E Spanish F,G,K American A,I Japanese Modern B,L

Contemporary

A. D .
G. J.

B. E.

H. K.

C. F. I. L.

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 Source: https://tinyurl.com/y9dcjush

B. Identify the elements of arts being referred to. Write your answer on
the space provided.

Source: ThoughtCo.com ___Life__ 13. __Shape___ 14.

__Value___ 15.

Additional Activities

Activity: Doodle Art Making Materials:

1. Oslo paper 4. Marker
2. Ruler 5. Pencil Color / Crayons / Oil Pastel
3. Pencil
Directions: Doodles are simple drawing that can have concrete representational
meaning. In your Oslo paper make a doodle art and apply the seven elements of
arts and post it on you Facebook or Instagram account.
Rubric

4 3 2 1

Elements of Utilized a
Utilized a large Utilized a Utilized no
Arts: Line minimal
variety of small variety intentional
variety of
lines. of lines, lines.
lines.

Elements of Created a No texture

Created a wide Created a
Arts: Texture minimal used.
variety of small variety
variety of
texture of texture
texture
throughout throughout
throughout
artworks. artworks.
artworks.

Successfully Successfully Successfully Does not

Elements of
created 10 created 5-7 created 3-4 create hues of
Arts: Color
hues of colors. hues of colors. hues of colors. colors.
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Composition Artwork is well- Artwork is off Medium has
Artwork is
balanced. balanced. not been
somewhat
utilized to its
balanced.
potential.

Craftsmanship Student spent Student did

Student spent Student could
a lot of time not finish
an adequate have spent
and effort on artwork or
amount time more time and
doodle rushed and
and effort on effort on
making. finished
doodle doodle
extremely
making. making.
early.

Total _____/ _____

25
 26
Inc. (RSBI) pp. 14-35
Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions. Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Book Store,
Datuin F M., Paulino R., Legaspi-Ramirez E., Marcelino L., November 2016.
References
Assessment What Can I do What I Have
Ethnic E, H ANSWERS MAY VARY Learned
Spanish F, G, K ANSWERS MAY VARY
American A, I
Japanese
Modern B, L
Contemporary C, D, J
13 . line
14 . shape
15 . value
What’s more What’s In What I Know
ANSWERS MAY VARY 1. ANSWERS MAY 1 .B
VARY 2 .B
3 .B
4 .C
5 .C
6 .D
7 .D
8 .B
9 .C
10 .A
11 .D
12 .A
13 .C
14 .D
15 .C
Answer Key
Panisan W., Gazzingan L., Samar G., Boongaling C., 2016.Contemporary Philippine
Arts from the Regions. Potrero, Malabon City: Mutya Publishing House Inc pp. 2-6
Sandangan L, Sayseng A., 2016.Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions.
Pasay City: JFS Publishing Services pp. 2-8
https://www.slideshare.net/wilfreddextertanedo/philippine -art-history-67264203
https://tinyurl.com/y9dcjush
https://www.coursehero.com/file/40788369/INTEGRATIVE-ART-AS-APPLIED-
TOCONTEMPORARY-ART-Ethnicpptx/
ThoughtCo.com
Arts Studies Professors Fajardo and Flores 2002
https://kknotkkk.home.blog/
https://www.tumblr.com/tagged/tinikling
https://www.tagaloglang.com/kudyapi/
https://tinyurl.com/y9wg6ekv
https://tinyurl.com/y8a87bd7 https://tinyurl.com/y9a7czdr
https://tinyurl.com/y8q3uxwt
https://www.pinoyadventurista.com/2013/08/tausug-baluy-and-pis-siyabit-
jolosulu.html https://tinyurl.com/y9u79gm3 https://tinyurl.com/ycsx5trr
https://tinyurl.com/ycsx5trr https://tinyurl.com/ydepygtu
https://tinyurl.com/y8gqhgtg https://tinyurl.com/yd79h9x9
https://tinyurl.com/y7ae9uec https://tinyurl.com/yawj7hpz
https://tinyurl.com/ybak9lg9 https://tinyurl.com/yb9wjn2w
https://outoftownblog.com/torogan-royal-house-of-maranaos/
http://www.ph.net/htdocs/education/sarim1.gif https://tinyurl.com/y9yl2f79
https://tinyurl.com/y78nw4j3 https://tinyurl.com/y84cyvkk
https://tinyurl.com/y7f5xe5z https://tinyurl.com/y75ppbwn
https://tinyurl.com/y7a6vb2t https://tinyurl.com/ybwp5ave
https://tinyurl.com/y7o7ebbm https://tinyurl.com/y9qk3b2p
https://tinyurl.com/ybg7m7bm https://tinyurl.com/yb5htqua
https://tinyurl.com/yd52lhpd https://tinyurl.com/yb887nsb
https://tinyurl.com/y9r592pj https://tinyurl.com/yal72oze
https://tinyurl.com/ycbegaej
https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/national-artists-
ofthe-philippines/napoleon-abueva/ https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-
arts https://tinyurl.com/y7drmfhr https://tinyurl.com/ybvogypk
https://tinyurl.com/y84puf95 https://tinyurl.com/y9dcjush
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Picture credit: Imelda Cajipe Endaya
Jazzy, 2014 Xyza Cruza Bacani
https://tinyurl.com/y9dcjush

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