Experiment #2

Presence of Carohydrates

Name: Zerimar A. Dela Cruz Date: 09/26/20

Year/Section: BN1E
Date Performed: 09/27/20

Objectives: To study and perform the different tests that are used to establish
the presence of carbohydrates in a material

Materials and Methods:

For Molisch Test

- 2mL each of 5% Glucose, Sucrose, and Starch solutions
- Molisch Reagent (2mL for each test tube)
- H2SO4 - Concentrated Sulfuric Acid (2mL for each test tube)
- 3 test tubes
- 9 graduated cylinder
- test tube rack
A)In each of the three test tubes, place separately 2 mL of 5%  solutions of
glucose, sucrose, and starch.

B)To each test tube, add 2 mL of Molisch reagent. Mix well. Incline each tube
and carefully pour down the side 2 mL of conc. H2SO4, taking care that the
concentrated acid forms a layer at the bottom of the test tube.

C)Note the color formed at the junction of the two layers.

For Moore’s Test

1mL each of 5% Glucose, Sucrose, and Starch solutions
-NaOH - Concentrated Sodium Hydroxide (1 mL in each test tube)
- beaker
- Bunsen burner
- tripod
- wire gauze
- test tube clamps
- 3 test tubes
- 3 graduated cylinder
- test tube rack
A)In each of three test tubes, place 1 mL of conc. NaOH.

B)To the first, add 1 mL of 5% glucose solution. To the second, add 1 mL of 5%

sucrose solution. And to the third, 5% starch solution.
C)Boil the solutions and observe the change in color produced in each tube.

For Anthrone Test

-1 mL each of 5% Glucose, Sucrose, and Starch solutions
- Anthrone Reagent (1mL for each test tube)
- 50% H2SO4 - Concentrated Sulfuric Acid, or glacial acetic acid
- 3 test tubes
- 3 graduated cylinder
- test tube rack
A) To each of three test tubes, place separately 1 mL of 5% glucose solution, 1
mL of 5% sucrose solution, and 1 mL of 5% starch solution.

B) To each, add 1 mL of anthrone reagent and mix.

C)Let stand for some time and note the color produced immediately and after
one hour.

D) If the solution is milky, dilute with 50% H2SO4 or glacial acetic acid.

Results and observations:

Molisch Test
Color formed at the junction
Solution
of the 2 layers
Glucose Violet Ring
Sucrose Violet Ring
Starch Violet Ring
Moore’s Test
Color of solution after
Solution
boiling
Glucose Yellowish Liquid
Sucrose Light/Pale Yellow Liquid
Starch Yellow-Orange Liquid
Anthrone Test
Solution Color produced immediately
Glucose Black
Sucrose Black
Starch Black
Discussion and Conclusion:

Despite the differences in procedures and in materials used, all three tests
share the same purpose, and that is to detect the presence of carbohydrates in
solutions.

Molisch Test
In order to detect the presence of carbohydrates, the solutions were treated
with concentrated sulfuric acid, which hydrolyzes the carbohydrate to a
monosaccharide. A compound named furfurol is then made when water is
removed. This furfurol is condensed to shape a violet ring .The compound
furfurol is condensed with alpha-naphthol present in the Molisch’s reagent. Since
all three solutions (glucose,sucrose,starch) are carbohydrates, their results for
the Molisch Test were positive. A violet ring formed at the junction of the two
layers in each test tube.

Moore’s Test
In Moore’s test, when a solution of reducing sugar(carbohydrate) is heated
with an alkali (NaOH), it turns to yellow, orange and/or eventually to dark brown,
liberating the odor and color of caramel. This is due to the liberation of aldehyde
with subsequent polymerizes to from a resinous substance, caramel. Although
sucrose and starch are not reducing sugars, they are carbohydrates. This
explains why all three solutions changed in color after boiling.

Anthrone Test
The Anthrone test is similar with the Molisch test, the main difference is the
reagent being used. Instead of molisch reagent, anthrone reagent is mixed with
the solutions. A positive result is indicated by a bluish-green color complex.
However, in the laboratory experiment video done by Dr. Eva Grace Chavez,
since she did not add the concentrated sulfuric acid in the solution, the color
produced immediately was black, instead of the expected bluish-green complex.