LESSON I ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

LINES

A line represents a single dimension—length. It can be straight or curved and can be combined with
other elements. It can create shape, tone, form, and texture. The weight and quality of the line. Examples of
the factors worth considering are pencil grades, cross hatching, and etchings.
 Using a variety of lines will create a more interesting drawing. These drawings uses straight lines,
curved lines, thick lines, hatching, cross-hatching, spirals, scribbles, and zigzags.

TYPES OF LINES

SHAPE

It is closed line. Shapes can be geometric like squares and circles. They are flat and can express
length and width.

COLOR

It is a light-reflected off objects. Understanding color meanings is essential when you are preparing a
logo. Color psychology affects your lives in so many ways, yet you often do not realize the impact of your
color choices, on your stationery and packaging, in your retail store or office, in your marketing or business.

In applying the information about color meanings to enhance the logo. It is advised not to use any
color entirely on its own; it is always best to use a complimentary color with your main choice, as overuse of
any one color can contradicts its effect and in fact can have the opposite effect.

There are options of color combination that can be applied in creating designs.

How to choose a color scheme for your logo design

The use of color can bring multiple layers of meaning. Companies can use these responses to
underline and accent their branding messages. And your success as a logo designer will be boosted
if you have a thorough understanding of color psychology.
What different colors mean

Big brands pick their colors carefully.

Every color, including black and white, has effects for logo design. You need to pick your colors
carefully to improve the specific elements of the logo and bring clue to your message with the use of shade
and tone.

Bright and bold colors are attention grabbing but can appear forceful. Soft tones express a more
classy image, but run the risk of being overlooked. More specifically, particular meanings are ascribed to
different colors in society.

RED implies passion, energy, danger, aggression, warmth, and heat. It has also been found to
stimulate appetite, which explains why it is used in so many restaurants and food product
logos. Choosing red for your logo can make it feel more dynamic.
ORANGE is often seem as the color of modern thinking. It also carries meanings of youth, fun,
affordability, and approachability.
YELLOW requires cautious use as it has some negative suggestions including cowardice and its use
in warning signs. However, it is also related to being sunny, warm, and friendly and is
another color that is believed to stimulate appetite.
GREEN is commonly used when a company wishes to emphasize their natural and ethical
identifications, especially with products such as organic and vegetarian foods. Other
meanings attached to it include growth and freshness, and it is popular with financial
products ,too.
BLUE is one of the most widely used colors in logos. It implies professionalism, serious-
mindedness, integrity, sincerity, and calmness. Blue is also associated with authority and
success, and for this reason, is popular with both financial institutions and government
agencies.
PURPLE speaks of royalty and luxury. It has long been associated with the church, implying
wisdom and dignity, and throughout history, it has been the color of wealth and riches.
BLACK is a color of split personality. It implies power and sophistication, but on the other hand,
it is associated with evil and death. Most logos will need a black and white version for
use in media in which color is not available.
WHITE is usually associated with purity, cleanliness, simplicity and innocence. A white logo will
always need to stand in a colored field to make it show up on a white background. Many
companies will choose to have a colored version and a white version of their logos; for
example, the Coca-cola word mark appears in white on its red tins and brown bottles but
is used in red when needed on a white background.
BROWN has manly meanings and is often used for products related with rural life and the
outdoors.
PINK can be found in girly, but its feminine relation means it is often avoided for products not
specifically targeted at women

Remember that the whole effect of your logo design will depend not on the colors but upon how
these interact with the shapes and text.
 Single or Multiple Colors?

MILA‘S EATERY
Multiple colors are difficult to pull off, but can work.

To get the full effect of your chosen color’s coded message, you may stick with a single color when
creating a logo design. There are some very successful multicolored logos—think of Google, Windows, or
eBay.

The effect of multiple colors is that these companies are offering a wide choice of products and
services. The multiple colors used for the Olympic rings carry message of diversity and inclusivity.

A newly growling trend in logo design is the use of mosaic patterns. These requires several colors,
ranging from contrasting bright to multiple shades of a single color.

Think globally

If your client is a global corporation, choose your logo color care. There are cultural
differences in the way colors are interpreted. For example, red is considered lucky in China, while
white is the color of death and mourning in India. There is a good round up of the cultural meanings of
different colors.

Finally, do not put too much focus on color choice. Consider that one in 12 people suffer from color
blindness. Plus there is always the likelihood that any logo you produce for a client will end up being
reproduced in monochrome, or even in different colors, as they see fit. So make sure your color choice
reinforces and enhances the design of your logo but does not define it.

TEXTURE

Texture is the feel, appearance, thickness, or stickiness of a surface or substance. Graphic artists can
trick the eye into seeing three –dimensional materials on a two-dimensional surface (illusory texture).
 CONTRAST

From a creative point of view, contrast occurs when two or more related elements are displayed
differently , and the greater the difference, the greater the contrast .

Color Contrast

In color contrast, if two colors are different

from each other (say black and white) they have
contrast, whereas if they are very similar (red and orange),
then they have low contrast

Size contrast

The next most common form of contrast is using size. Something big beside something small indicates that
the bigger item is far more important. That is right
—size matters!

Shape Contrast

Shape contrast means making things in their differences in physical shape stand out when
compared to other things. The illustration below shows that by adding a circle around the button it
can attract a lot more attention.

Positional Contrast
 Creating contrast in positioning is a very neat way to create an order of elements merely by using
different positions.

Conclusion

There is so much more to contrast than just “light and dark.” It is one of the most important
priciples in design and you can almost never have too much it, provided that you use it properly.

It is about finding better and more efficient ways of communicating the message behind the design.

Exploring contrast in detail and using it to its full potential is one of the best ways to do this.

ACTIVITY 1
Creative Drawing (Dot Design)

Materials:

variety of colored pencils.

Procedure:

1. Create a design using dots.

2. Use only two colors per design. (Keep it simple.)
3. The dots must be round and solid colored.
4. The dots within each design should vary in size. (Change can be sudden or gradual but it is important
for providing contrast, thereby avoiding “chicken tracking.”)
5. The dots may “follow the leader,” touch, overlap, stack on top each other, run off edge of the paper,
and others.
 6. Study the design below.
7. Do your design on the space provided.

DOT DESIGN

ACTIVITY 2
Creative Drawing (Line Design)

Materials

colored pencils, markers, oil pastels, or crayons.

Procedure:

1. Use only two or three colors per design.

2. The lines should begin thin, grow in thickness, and return to a thin line again or run off the paper (so
they remain lines instead of becoming shapes)
3. The lines should vary in length (short, medium, long) and may expand or contract in any form or
direction.
4. The lines may be straight, curved, zigzag, twisted, cross over, built on top of or woven under and
through each other, and others.
5. Study the sample design below.
6. Create your own design on the space provided.
 ACTIVITY 3
Creating Designs Using the Elements of Arts

Materials:

variety of colored pencils, markers, oil pastels or crayons.

Procedure:

1. Create two drawings showing the elements of arts.

2. Limit each design to three colors to ensure that the designs do not become more about color but
about the design.
3. When each design is completed, choose what you consider to be the best designs to represent
each element and lay them out in separate marked areas.

Line

Shape
Color

Texture

Contrast

ACTIVITY 4

A. Match column A with column B. Write the correct letter on the blank before the
number.
A B

_____1. can be fun and girly a. orange

_____2. Implies passion, energy, danger b. black

or aggression; warmth and heat c. green

_____3. has manly meanings d. brown

_____4. a color with a split personality e. red

_____5. associated with purity, cleanliness, f. white

simplicity, and innocence g. purple

_____6. speaks of royalty and luxury h. blue

_____7. commonly used when a company i. pink

wishes to emphasize their natural

and ethical identifications, especially

with such products as organic and

vegetarian foods.

_____8. one of the most widely used colors

in logos

_____9. often seen as the color of modern

thinking

B. Identify the following lines. Write the correct answer on the box.
 LESSON II DRAWING A LOGO

Want to know
how to design a logo like a professional?

Learn and follow the five steps.

Learn What a Logo Is

A LOGO is a design symbolizing one’s organization. It is a design that is used by
an organization for its letterhead, advertising material, and signs as an emblem by which the
organization can easily be recognized. It is also called logotype. A logotype is a graphic
representation or symbol of a company name, trademark, abbreviation, and others, often uniquely
designed for ready recognition. Look at the samples below.
What Shapes Are Best in Creating Logos?

Iconic logos can be very different. The classic variation is to make the symbol fit to any of the basic
geometrical shapes. For example:

The best shapes to use are symmetrical geometrical shapes. They can be placed almost anywhere and
still maintain the balance; they are very easy to handle.

It still good to make the logo fit any kind of geometrical shapes. It looks more fit and balanced.

And last, there is no obligation as to what kind of shape to use. You can use any free form shape you
want, but you have to be very careful with the placement, so the logo does not look like it is falling apart or
going to fall.

By selecting the shape,you should consider how conservative and stable your company wants to
appear.

Know the Principles of Effective Logo Designing

Now that you know what a logo is and what it should represent, you now must learn about
what makes a great logo – the basic rules and principles of effective logo designing.

 A logo must be simple.

A simple logo design allows easy recognition and allows the logo to be useful and
memorable. Good logos feature something unexpected or unique without being overdrawn.
 A logo must be memorable.
An effective logo design should be memorable and this achieved by having a simple, yet
appreciate logo.
 A logo must be timeless.

An effective logo should be timeless-that is, it will stand the test of time. Will the logo still he
effective in 10, 20, or 50 years?

 A logo must be versatile

 An effective logo should be able to work across a variety of mediums and applications. For
this reason, a logo should be designed in course format. It is also to ensure that the logo can
be scaled to any size. The logo must work in just one color, too.
 A logo must be appropriate.
How you position the logo should be appropriate for its intended purpose. For example, if
you are designing a logo for children’s toy store, it would be appropriate to use a childe-
appropriate font and color scheme. This would not be so appropriate for a law firm.

Learn from Others’ Success and Mistakes

Now that you know what the rules of designing are, how can you distinguish the difference
between a good and bad logo? By knowing what other logos have succeeded and why they
have succeeded, gives a great insight into what makes a good logo.
For example, look at the classic Nike Swoosh. This logo was created by Caroline
Davidson in 1971 for only $35 yet it still
a strong, memorable logo, effective without
color and easily scalable. It is simple , fluid, and
fast, and represents the wing in the famous statue of
the Greek Goddess of victory, Nike – something perfect
for a sporting apparel business. Nike is just one of many
great logos. Think about other famous brands that you know about and check out their
logos. What makes them successful?

Establish Your Own Logo Design Process

Now that you know what a logo is, what the principles and rules of logo designing
are, and what makes a successful logo, you can now finally begin the design process.

Learn the Software and Complete the Logo

After you have gotten your design process sorted out, it is usually a good time to
begin mastering your software (Adobe Illustrator is the industry standard) but remember,
you cannot design a logo by just hopping straight onto the computer. Brainstorm and
sketch first.
After you have gotten your initial ideas and sketches from brainstorming, you can then jump
onto the computer to start digitalizing.
 LESSON III DRAWING CARTOON CHARACTERS

A CHARTOON CHARACTER is a fictional character depicted in an animated film or a

comic strip. Cartoon characters are as appealing to adults as well as to children. Most of the
time, people just love to laugh at their tricks and bad luck. Below is the list of famous cartoon
characters of all time, judged for their influence, their popularity, and the amusement they bring.

Mickey Mouse
Created: 1928
Creators : Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks
Played by: Walt Disney
Wayne Allwine
Bert Iwan

Mickey Mouse represents Disney in all its forms. He started life

in black and white in 1928’s Steamboat Willie, the first synchronized
sound cartoon. Mickey Mouse was first
voiced by Walt Disney himself, then later by Jimmy MacDonald and
Wayne Allwine. Mickey Mouse is not
just a cartoon character, he is an icon.

Goofy
Created: 1932
Creator: Art Rabbit
Voice: Pinto Colvig
Goofy is a funny animal cartoon character created in 1932
at Walt Disney Productions. Goofy is a tall anthromorphic
dog with Southern accent and typically wears a turtle
neck and vest with pants.

SpongeBob SquarePants
Created : 1999
Creator : Stephen Hillenburg
Voice: Tom Kenny

SpongeBob SquarePants lives in a pineapple under

the sea and was created by Stephen Hillenburg. It has
become popular and will likely live on as a classic in
everyone’s minds.

Homer Simpson (The Simpsons)

Created : 1987
Creator: Matt Groening
Played by: Dan Castallaneta
Homer Simpson is known through the world. Homer Simpson is based on creator Matt Groening’s
father, who
is also named Homer. And if you look at Homer’s profile, a
bit of his hair and his ear form the initials “M.G.”

Bugs Bunny
First Appearance: April 30, 1938
Created by: Ben Hardaway, Cal Dalton, Tex Avery
Voiced by: Mel Blanc, Jeff Bertman, Greg Burson, Billy
West, Joe Alaskey
“What’s up, doc?” Bugs Bunny is, perhaps, the most
recognizable and famous cartoon character. Looney Tunes
was first created as lead-ins to feature films. Bugs Bunny first
appeared as a rabbit with no name in 1938 in “Porky’s Hare
Hunt.” Tex Avery later named him Bugs Bunny after the
infamous West Coast mobster. Decades later, Looney Tunes
cartoons became a Saturday morning staple.

Shaggy Rogers (Scooby-Doo)

Created: 1969
Creators: Joe Ruby, Ken Spears, Iwao Takamoto, Fred Silverman
Voice: Casey Kasem, Billy west, Scott Ines, Mathew Lilard
Sometimes , the sidekick is more interesting than the hero,
and that is the case with the slacker teenager on Scooby-Doo.
For a guy with absolutely no courage, he sticks with the mystery
solving gang through the spookiest of places.

Felix the Cat

Created: 1919
Creators: Pat Sullivan, Otto Mesmer
Voice: Walter Tetley
Most stars of the silent era did not survive the transition to sound, but Felix –
wo once shared screen- time with Charlie Chaplin--- did just fine.

Bart Simpson (The Simpsons)

Created: 1987
Creator: Matt Groening
Voice: Nancy Cartwright
Every principal’s nightmare, this merry prankster’s only two real
talents are skateboarding and troublemaking.

Daffy Duck (Looney Tunes)

Created: 1937
Creators: Tex Avery, Bob Clampett
Voice: Mel Blanc
Daffy can himself be despicable, but he is endearing all the same.

Mighty Mouse
Created: 1942
Creator: Izzy Klein, Paul Terry
Voice: Roy Halee, Sr.
He will swallow your bullets and spit them right
back at you. He is like a rodent Chuck Norris.

Wile E. Coyote
Created: 1948
Creator: Chuck Jones
Voice: Mel Blanc
Wile E. Coyote will never catch the Roadrunner. This is one of
the first truths learned by any kid in America, even as they are exposed to the beauties
of the Western desert. His clever plans
and box of of malfunctioning ACME tricks resulted in our
favorite coyote falling off cliffs, getting crushed by stones, and
at the center of crater-inducing explosions; no cartoon character suffered more for
entertainment.

Betty Boop
Created: 1930
Creators: Max Fleischer, Grim Natwick
Voice: Margie Hines
Though Betty seems like a product of the Roaring 20s, it is
important to remember that she was actually the Queen of
the Depression Era, a sexy reminder of better times and an
avatar for a younger generation.

Snoopy
Created: 1950
Creator: Charles M. Schulz
Voice: Bill Melendez
Not every character survived the movie from print to the TV screen,
but Snoopy absolutely came to life through a handful of TV specials, dancing his way
into our hearts, beginning with a 1961 commercial for the Fold Falcon.

Tom and Jerry

Created: 1940
Creators: William Hanna and Joseph Barbera
Silent film mostly went away with the advent of the talkies, but
Hanna and Barbera’s Tom and Jerry did not need dialogue to
captivate generations of children.
The 114 shots were created between 1940 and 1958, but they feel like a part of the
kid’s childhood when they grow up.

ACTIVITY 1
How to Draw Genie

1. Follow the step-by-step instructions. You may use the following software below:
For laptop or desktop: Software- Inkscape
 For tablet: Software- Sketch and Draw
2. Print and show your work to your teacher.
Step 1
Make the guide shape for Genie’s head, then draw in the facial guidelines.

Step 2
Begin drawing the shape or structure of Genie’s head, then draw the large
pointed ear.

Step 3
Use the facial guidelines to draw the shapes of his eyes, and then his long
pointed nose. The Genie was created to resemble Robin Williams.

Step 4
Draw the thick arched eyebrows and color them in. Then add detailing inside his
ear.

Step 5
Draw the enormous shape mouth and do not forget his top and bottom row of
teeth.

Step 6
Finish Genie’s face shape by drawing the chin and check. Then draw and color
his beard.
Step 7
Lastly, add Genie’s ponytail on top of his head which also has a band around the
base. When you are done with that task, erase whatever mistakes you might have
made.

Step 8
Here is Genie drawn easy. Now color him in blue and you are done.

ACTIVITY 2
How to Draw Hiro

1. Follow the step-by-step instructions. You may use the following software below:
For laptop or desktop: Software – Inkspace
For tablet: Software – Sketch and Draw
2. Print and show your work to your teacher.

Step 1.
 Draw in the beginning of the bangs like so.

Step 2
Next, draw the shape of Hiro’s face which is a simple U shape.

Step 3
Finish drawing Hiro’s hair which is wild and child like.

Step 4
Draw the thick eyebrows and color them in. You will then draw
the eyes. Notice that some parts of the eye are shaded in. This is for
the eyelid.

Step 5
Finish Hiro’s face by drawing his eyeballs, nose, and friendly smile. Erase any
mistakes if you have made any at all.

Step 6
Here is the line art when you are all done. Now you can enjoy coloring Hiro to
perfection.

ACTIVITY 3
How to Draw Scar

1. Follow the step-by-step instructions. You may use the

For laptop or desktop: Software – Inkspace
For tablet: Software – Sketch and Draw
2. Print and show your work to your teacher.

Step 1

Make a circle for the head, then sketch the facial guides.

Step 2
 Begin sketching out the framing around the face which is for the lion’s mane.

Step 3

Using the facial guides, draw the thick brows, and from the bottom of each
brow, draw the lining that will form the shape of the nose. Draw the M lined nostrils,
then draw his long, sharp mouth followed by the hairy chin.

Step 4

You are almost done. Here, all you have to do is draw the eyes in a devious
manner. As you know, Scar always has the expression of “no good” on his face.
Once the eyes are drawn, you have to draw the thick scar. Add the lining to the nose
which shapes it out, then draw the mouth.

Step 5

For the last drawing step, all you have to do is sketch out the long straight
and mane. The mane should be drawn to like it is combed back. You also need to
draw the ears and his shoulder. Erase the mistakes then add the detailing to the
mane.

Step 6

Here is what your Scar drawing looks like when you are done. Now all
you have to do is color it.

RATE YOURSELF
Read the statement carefully. Write the correct answer on the blank to complete the statement. Choose your
answer from the words in the box below.

1. A _______________ is a design symbolizing one organization.

2. A _______________ is a graphic representation or symbol of a company name, trademark or
abbreviation.
3. The best shapes to use in creating a logo are _______________ shapes.
4. A _______________ is a fictional character depicted in animated film or comic strip.
5. _______________ represents Disney in all its forms.

Mickey Mouse
Logotype
Cartoon character
Symmetrical geometrical
logo