AGA KHAN HIGH SCHOOL, KAMPALA

Y10 BIOLOGY ASSIGNMENT 1 TERM 1 2020- DIGESTION

1. A herbivore is an animal that gets its energy by eating plants. A carnivore is an animal that gets its
energy by eating other animals.

Fig. 1.1 shows the skulls with teeth of a sheep and of a dog.

Sheep

Dog

Fig. 1.1

(a) (i) Describe one similarity, related to nutrition, that you can observe between the

teeth of the two skulls. [1]

similarity

Both of the animals have a set of Molars which are rounded and used for grinding food into easily
swallowed pieces.
(ii) Complete Table 1.1. to give two differences, related to nutrition, that you can

observe between the teeth of the two skulls.

whereas Sheep have extra A dog has canines to tear

molars to grind grass meat 

Sheep have gentle teeth Dogs have bigger and stronger

because grass doesn’t need teeth because meat is harder
much strength to chew to chew than grass

(2)

(b) (i) Using the mirror provided, view your teeth.

Complete the Table 1.2 to show which type of teeth you have present. Write a

letter in each box to show the type of tooth, using the following letters to identify

your teeth:

C = canine

I = incisor

M = molar

P = premolar

X = no tooth present

Table 1.2 [2]

M M M P P C I I I I C P P M M M

M M M P P C I I I I C P P M M M

(ii) outline two ways in which your teeth differ from the teeth of the dog shown in Fig. 1.1. [2]
1. humans have 32 teeth - dogs have 42.
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2. They have teeth that make them natural carnivores and scavengers. Where we have teeth that make us omnivores
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dogs have (top and bottom) 12 incisors, 4 canines, 16 premolars, and 10 molars. Humans have (top and
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bottom) 8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 premolars, and 12 molars.

2. Fig. 2.1 shows the human alimentary canal and some of the organs associated with it

(a) Use letters from Fig. 2.1 to identify which structure carries out a particular function. Write your

answers in Table 2.1.

FUNCTION LETTER
ingestion of food A
bile storage C
fat digestion G
egestion H

Table 2.1

(b) Name the process which moves food from D to F.

Egestion
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) A student investigated the digestion of fats by the enzyme lipase.

He found that as lipase digested the fats, the pH of the solution changed from pH 8 to pH 6.
(i) Explain why the digestion of fats changed the pH of the solution.
When fats are digested, fatty acids and glycerol are produced from lipids and water.
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Because of the formation of acids from neutral reactants, the pH change
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(ii) Fig. 1.2 shows three test-tubes that were set up for this experiment.

The time taken for the indicator to change colour after the lipase was added was measured.

The results are shown in Table 2.2.

Table 2.2

Explain why the indicator in test-tube B changes colour much faster than the indicator in

test-tube A.
Because in test tube B there is bile. Bile salts will bind to undigested fats by their
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hydrophobic side. Their hydrophilic side allows mixing with water, meaning an emulsion
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forms. This provides a much larger surface area for the lipase to do its work.
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 Bile salts are most likely slightly basic, since they are most likely salts of weak acids.
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(d) Some biological washing powders contain lipase. Instructions on the packet state that

biological washing powders should be used in warm water but not in very hot water.

Explain why warm water should be used instead of very hot water. Use Fig. 2.2 and Table 2.2

to help with your answer.

One of the primary reasons that enzymes are used in biological washing powders is that
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the additional stain-removing help from the enzymes means that dirt can be removed without t.
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he need for hot water
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.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(e) Eating too much fat can be harmful.

State one way in which too much fat can be harmful to human health.
Too much fat in your diet can cause a range of serious problems, including metabolic
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
syndrome, cardiovascular disease
[Total: 20]