Republic of the Philippines

Laguna State Polytechnic University

Province of Laguna
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited

LSPU Self-paced Learning Module (SLM)

Course Calculus II
Sem/AY First Semester/2020-2021
Module No. 1
Lesson Title INTRODUCTION TO ANTIDIFFERENTIATION
Week
2
Duration
Date October 19-23, 2020
Description This lesson will provide the introduction of the antidifferentiation as well as the
of the different mathematical integration formulae that will be used throughout the course. It
Lesson also provides salient comparison between integration and the previously learned
derivatives and how each component different from one another.

Learning Outcomes
Intended Students should be able to meet the following intended learning outcome:
Learning • students in this lesson can summarize and provide one’s one example of each
Outcomes basic integration formula;
• students can distinguish the difference between the derivation and integration
of different functions.
Targets/ At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
Objectives • differentiate differentiation from anti-differentiation by providing their own
examples of each branch;
• use each integration formula in evaluating functions;
• provide example using each given integration formula;
• construct summary on how anti-differentiation function in mathematics.

Student Learning Strategies

Online Activities A. Online Discussion via Google Meet
(Synchronous/ You will be directed to attend in a two-hour class discussion on the
nature and types of educational technologies. To have access to the
Asynchronous) Online Discussion, refer to this link:
https://meet.google.com/lookup/b3xqvegfdd.

The online discussion will happen on October 5 and 7, 2020, from 2:00-
4:00PM.

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: CALCULUS II

Prepared by: ADRIEL G. ROMAN
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited

(For further instructions, refer to your Google Classroom and see the
schedule of activities for this module)

B. Learning Guide Questions:

1. What is Antidifferentiation?
2. How is it different from differentiation?
3. What are the different integration formulas?
4. How is each formula being used to evaluate integral of a function?

Note: The insight that you will post on online discussion forum using Learning Management
System (LMS) will receive additional scores in class participation.

Lecture Guide

In our previous calculus class, we have learned that derivative is the rate of
change in the slope of the curve of the function. Also, the process of getting the
derivative of a function is called differentiation. Let’s consider this example:

Example A. Find the derivative of f(x) = x2

Using the general formula of differentiation, we get

𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 𝑛 General equation of a function

𝑓 ′(𝑥) = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 General equation of derivative
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 Given
Offline Activities 𝑓′(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2−1 Applying the General equation of a derivative
(e-Learning/Self- 𝒇′(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙 Derivative of the given function
Paced)
If we are going to reverse the process, say, we are going to convert the
𝑓′(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 to its original function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 , we need to reverse the process that
we have previously used. In this case, instead of using differentiation, we are
going to use its reverse – the antidifferentiation. Analyze the process below and
determine how antidifferentiation works for the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 .

𝑓′(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 Derivative of the given function

𝑥 𝑛+1 Reversing the general equation of derivative
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = ; 𝑛 ≠ −1
𝑛+1
2𝑥 1+1
Applying the reversed general equation of derivative
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = ; 𝑛 ≠ −1
1+1
2𝑥 2 Simplify
𝑓(𝑥) =
2
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝑪 Antiderivative of the given function

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: CALCULUS II

Prepared by: ADRIEL G. ROMAN
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited
Based on the given example above, antidifferentiation is the reverse of
differentiation. This also means that antidifferentiation is the process of finding
a function whose derivative is given. Looking back to the last antiderivative of
the given function, we will notice that there is an arbitrary constant ‘C’ after the
expression x2. Let’s analyze why using the next example.

Example B. Find the antiderivative of f(x) = 16x3.

Following the process done in the previous example, we have,

𝑥 𝑛+1
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ; 𝑛 ≠ −1
𝑛+1

16𝑥 3+1
𝑓 (𝑥 ) =
3+1

16𝑥 4
𝑓 (𝑥 ) =
4

𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟒𝒙𝟒 + 𝑪

But why there is C? Let’s continue.

Example C. Find the derivative of the following functions:

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 4 + 3
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 4 + 120
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 4 − 5

Solution:
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 4 + 3

𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 4 + 3
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 4(4𝑥 3 ) + 0
𝒇′(𝒙) = 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟑

2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 4 + 120
𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 4 + 120
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 4(4𝑥 3 ) + 0
𝒇′(𝒙) = 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟑

3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 4 − 5
𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 4 − 5
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 4(4𝑥 3 ) + 0
𝒇′(𝒙) = 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟑

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: CALCULUS II

Prepared by: ADRIEL G. ROMAN
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited

What have you observed in the three examples provided above? Because the
derivative of any constant will yield to ‘0’ value, hence, when we get the antiderivative
of 16x3, we will end up with 4x4. Thus, there is a need to put “plus C” after getting the
antiderivative of the given function. This is called the constant of integration.

Indefinite Integrals

The study of integral calculus has two major components: the indefinite integral and
the definite integral. Indefinite integrals are integrals expressed without limits.
Therefore, it uses an arbitrary constant ‘C’. In our previous example, since no limit or
boundary is given, we used +C at the end of our integrals. On the other hand, definite
integrals bounded with limits and so, we do not use the arbitrary constant.

Integration formulas

In finding the integrals of the given functions, we are guided by the following basic
integration formulae:

Example D. Evaluate the following functions. Use the basic integration formula
as guide.

1. ∫(5𝑥 3 + 7𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥
5𝑥
2. ∫ (𝑥2 ) 𝑑𝑥
3. ∫ 4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
4. ∫ 5𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: CALCULUS II

Prepared by: ADRIEL G. ROMAN
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited

5. ∫ 7𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
6. ∫ 11𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
7. ∫ 9𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥𝑑𝑥
8. ∫ 2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑑𝑥
9. ∫ 6𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥𝑑𝑥
10. ∫ 3 csc2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Solution: Using the given basic integration formulas,

5𝑥 4 7𝑥 3
1. ∫(5𝑥 3 + 7𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 = + +𝐶
4 3
5𝑥 1
2. ∫ (𝑥2 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 5 ∫ (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 5𝑙𝑛|𝑥 | + 𝐶
3. ∫ 4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 4 ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 4(−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) = −4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝐶
4. ∫ 5𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 5 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 5𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝐶
5. ∫ 7𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 7 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 7𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶
6. ∫ 11𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 11 ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 11𝑙𝑛|𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 | + 𝐶
7. ∫ 9𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 9 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥𝑑𝑥 = − 9𝑙𝑛|𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥 | + 𝐶
8. ∫ 2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑙𝑛|𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 | + 𝐶
9. ∫ 6𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 6 ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥𝑑𝑥 = −6𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥 + 𝐶
10. ∫ 3 csc2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 3 ∫ csc2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 + 𝐶
Engaging Activities
Direction: Answer the following questions briefly and substantially: (if
necessary, use other reference materials but do not forget to use proper citation
and do not plagiarize.)

1. What is antidifferentiation?
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2. How does differentiation different from antidifferentiation?

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LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: CALCULUS II

Prepared by: ADRIEL G. ROMAN
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited

Performance Tasks

PT1 - Direction: Answer the following questions briefly and substantially: (if necessary, use other
reference materials.)

1. What are the different integration formulae? Specify the use of each.
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LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: CALCULUS II

Prepared by: ADRIEL G. ROMAN
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited
2. Provide instance using each integration formula.
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LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: CALCULUS II

Prepared by: ADRIEL G. ROMAN
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited
PT 2 - Direction: Show the relationship between differentiation and antidifferentiation using the
function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 𝑛 .

Function Derivative Integral

𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 𝑛

Explanation:

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PT 3 - Direction: Select three formulae from the set of basic integration formula and show a valid
proof of their equality.

1. ______________________________ 2. ______________________________________ 3. __________________________

Show your proofs here:

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: CALCULUS II

Prepared by: ADRIEL G. ROMAN
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited

Understanding Directed Assess

Rubrics for Writing and Essay

Adopted from: https://image.slidesharecdn.com/rubricsko-131215081453-phpapp01/95/rubrics-in-essay-1-

638.jpg?cb=1436976225

RUBRICS FOR PROVING

Score Accuracy Coherence Method
4 The proofs are There is coherence in 76- The method used in proving is
presented with 76- 100% steps in the proof unique and not taken from the
100% accuracy internet
3 The proofs are There is coherence in 51- The method used in proving is
presented with 51- 75% steps in the proof unique where some of the ideas
75% accuracy are taken from the internet
2 The proofs are There is coherence in 26- The method used in proving is
presented with 26- 50% steps in the proof unique where majority of the
50% accuracy ideas are taken from the internet
1 The proofs are There is coherence in 1- The method used is purely taken
presented with 1-25% 25% steps in the proof from the internet
accuracy
Total

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: CALCULUS II

Prepared by: ADRIEL G. ROMAN
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited

Learning Resources
Nocon, Ferdinand P. et.al., 2001, Calculus Made Simple for Filipinos
Don, Eugene, 2001, How to Solve Word Problems in Calculus
Besavilla, V. J. (1992). Differential and Integral Calculus. Metro Manila: VB Publisher.
Margaret L. Lial, R. N. (2009). Calculus with Applications (Ninth Edition). Jurong Singapore:
Pearson Education, Inc.
Leithold. The Calculus with Analytic Geometry (TCWAG)
https://www.whitman.edu/mathematics/calculus_online/section09.07.html
http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/Classes/CalcIII/DirectionalDeriv.aspx
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=213hAePeDss
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Q8XdL-nXOw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qg5djgqnCpI

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: CALCULUS II

Prepared by: ADRIEL G. ROMAN